The document discusses tectonic approaches to understanding Indonesia's geology. It summarizes Indonesia's tectonic setting between several major plates. It also describes the different types of crust and tectonic environments found in Indonesia, including active margins along subduction zones and passive margins along former rift zones. Additionally, it outlines how sedimentary basins in Indonesia have evolved over time from rifting to drifting to collision between plates through processes like inversion and orogeny.

1. PENDEKATAN
TEKTONIK INDONESIA

2. 1. Teori TEKTONIK LEMPENG
2. Litologi Basement: Komposisi
& Konfigurasi
3. Tektonostratigrafi
4. Polyhistory
PENDEKATAN
TEKTONIK INDONESIA

3. Sedimentary basinsSedimentary basins
PLATE TECTONIC & SEDIMENTARY BASIN FORMATION

4. CONTINENTAL CRUST
TRANSITIONAL
CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST
SUTURE
CONTINENTAL CRUST
CONTINENTAL CRUST
TRANSITIONAL
CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST
SUTURE
CONTINENTAL CRUST
TYPES OF CRUST – INDONESIA REGION

5. BASEMENT COMPOSITIONBASEMENT COMPOSITION

6. Indonesia Position Global Plate-Tectonics
• The pacific
oceanic plate
in the E & NE
• The Australian
continental
plate in the SE
• The Indian
oceanic plate
in the W&SW
• The Asian
continental
plate in the
NW

7. • Continental landmass: continental islands and
sea shelf: < 200 m
• Oceanic Islands and Oceanic Deeps :>200 m
INDONESIA: BATHYMETRY

8. INDONESIA: Continental Landmass
• SUNDA SHELF with:
• Sumatra,
• Java and
• Kalimantan
• ARAFURA
CONTINENTAL SHELF :
• Australian
continent
• Irian Jaya New
Guinea

9. TECTONIC PLATES & CRUSTS IN INDONESIA
• WESTERN INDONESIA:
STABLE SUNDA CONTINENT
• CENTRAL INDONESIA:
MICRO-CONTINENTS AND
OCEANIC BASINS
• EAST INDONESIA: STABLE
SAHUL/AUSTRALIAN
CONTINENT

10. • Convergence,
(collisions, subduction
and obduction).
• Divergence (rifting,
break-up and
subsequent seafloor
spreading).
• Transvergence
(wrench faulting);
involving translatation
and rotation.
PLATE TECTONICS MOVEMENT IN
INDONESIA involves:

11. PLATE BOUNDARIES
• ACTIVE MARGINS
– SUBDUCTION ZONES
– OBDUCTION ZONES
– TRANSDUCTION
ZONES (Sorong Fault
zone)
• PASSIVE MARGINS
(Eastern Kalimantan)
– Delta Basin
– Carbonate
Platform
• COLLISION ZONES
& OROGENIC
BELTS (Papua &
Sulawesi)

12. ACTIVE MARGINS
• SUBDUCTION ZONES:
– CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC: Western
Sumatra Sunda Arc, Southern Java
Sunda Arc
– OCEANIC ISLAND ARC: Nusatenggara
Sunda Arc
• OBDUCTION/COLLISION ZONES:
Banda Arc-Australian continent being
subducted under Banda Sea oceanic
crust; Banggai-Sula colliding Eastern
Sulawesi
• TRANSDUCTION ZONES: Sorong
Faultzone
• Zona subduksi:
• CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC: Barat
Sumatra Sunda Arc, Jawa Southern Arc
Sunda
• OCEANIC ISLAND ARC: Nusatenggara
Sunda Arc
• OBDUCTION / TUBRUKAN ZONA:
benua Banda Arc-Australia sedang
subduksi di bawah Laut Banda kerak
samudera; Banggai-Sula bertabrakan
Sulawesi Timur
• ZONA TRANSDUKSI: Sorong Faultzone

13. PASSIVE MARGINS
NW BORNEO
PASSIVE MARGIN
• East Natuna basinal
area, Baram Delta
• EASTERN
KALIMANTAN
PASSIVE MARGINS
• MICROCONTINENT
PASSIVE MARGINS
• Southwest Sulawesi
Basinal area

14. COLLISION ZONES & OROGENIC BELTS
• Kuching Zone
• Meratus Mts
Belt
• Central
Sulawesi
Collision Belt
• Central Irian
Jaya Mt Range

15. Tectonic Framework of Indonesia
• West Indonesia with Sunda Platform acting as a continental core
• Central Indonesia consising of fragmented microcontinents represented by Sulawesi and
the Banda Arc
• East Indonesia with the Arafura Platfrom acting as continental core
• Barat Indonesia dengan Sunda Landasan bertindak sebagai inti benua
• Indonesia consising pusat microcontinents terfragmentasi diwakili oleh Sulawesi dan
Banda Arc
• Indonesia Timur dengan Arafura platfrom bertindak sebagai inti benua
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

16. West Indonesia: ACTIVE MARGINS
• To the W and S the Sundaland is bordered by an active margin; consisting of an
island arc system with fore arc, interarc and back-arc basins, as the result of a
convergence with the Indo-Australia oceanic plate in which the oceanic plate is
subducted under the continental plate.
• Untuk W dan S Sundaland berbatasan dengan margin aktif; terdiri dari sistem
busur kepulauan dengan busur muka, interarc dan back-arc basins, sebagai hasil
dari konvergensi dengan lempeng samudera Indo-Australia di mana lempeng
samudera yang menunjam di bawah lempeng benua.
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

17. West Indonesia: PASSIVE MARGINS
• The E Sundaland margin, rifting, break-up and sea-floor spreading of the
Makassar Strait, and the formation of :
 Aulocogene basins followed by deltaic deposition of the Mahakan Delta and
Tarakan Delta.
 Paternoster Carbonate Platform.
• The NW Sundaland margin; resulted from rifting and opening of the S China
Sea and associated rifting in the Gulf of Thailand and W Natuna basin.
Rifting of the S China sea results in a collision in NW Borneo.

18. CENTRAL INDONESIA:
Fragmented microcontinents between Oceanic basins
Consisting of assorted microcontinents, mainly broken off from the
Australian Continent, but some belong to the Asian Continent : SW
Sulawesi
 Sulawesi Island
 Banggai-Sula Islands
 West Nusa Tenggara Island Arc

19. Central Indonesia: an assortment or conglomeration of
contental fragments oceanic basins and oceanic troughs
• Sulawesi Island: an conglomeration of Australian and Asian continental fragments and island arc
• Sula-Banggai Island
• Halmahera Island-arc
• Lesser Sunda Islands, and island-arc as the eastern continuation of the Sunda island arc
• Oceanic Basins of Flores sea, Banda sea and Celebes sea
Pulau Sulawesi: sebuah konglomerasi fragmen benua Australia dan Asia dan busur kepulauan
Pulau Sula-Banggai
Pulau Halmahera-arc
Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, dan pulau-arc sebagai kelanjutan timur Sunda busur kepulauan
Cekungan samudera Flores laut, Laut Banda dan Sulawesi laut

20. Eastern Indonesia: Major Tectonic Elements
• Arafura Shelf: Stable Shelf
• Banda Island Arc: Passive to Active Margin
(Subduction/Obduction)
• Jaya Wijaya Central Range: Orogenic Mountain Range
• Sorong Fault Zone: Active wrench fault (transduction)

21. POLYHISTORY

30. BASIN EVOLUTION
• Sedimentary basins evolved from one to another
type
• Superimposition of various type of basin on top of
the other occurs
• Sedimentary sequences of various types of basin can
be analysed in tectono-stratigraphical sequences:
Cekungan sedimen berevolusi dari satu ke jenis lain
Superimposisi berbagai jenis cekungan di atas yang lain
terjadi
Urutan sedimen dari berbagai jenis cekungan dapat
dianalisis dalam urutan tektono - stratigrafi

31. EXTENSIONAL BASIN DEVELOPMENT
• Rifting ----> grabens, half graben basins
---->synrift sedimentation
• Break-up -----> aulacogene basins ------->
deltaic sedimentation
• Drifting -----> passive margin basins ------>
passive margin sedimentation
• Spreading (oceanic) -----> oceanic basins ---->
deep marine sedimentation

32. EVOLUTION OF RIFT – TO –PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT

33. PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
developing into a
CARBONATE PLATFORM
Contoh: Indonesia Timur –Australian continental margin

34. EXTENSIONAL TO COMPRESSIONAL
REGIME
• Drifting -------> passive margin basin sedimentation
• Subduction -----> back-arc, inter-arc and fore-arc basins
• Obduction --------->foreland basins & fore deeps
• Continent to continent collision------> Suture related foreland
and fore deep basins
Melayang ------- > passive margin cekungan sedimentasi
Subduksi ----- > back- arc , antar - busur dan kedepan - busur
cekungan
Obduction --------- > tanjung cekungan & Deeps kedepan
Benua ke benua tabrakan ------ > Jahitan terkait tanjung dan
cekungan kedepan dalam

35. EVOLUTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN

36. TECTONIC INVERSION.• During the transition from extensional to compressional
tectonic regime a tectonic inversion, often takes place
• Faults are reactivated with inversion of direction of
movement
• Lower parts of the basin e.g. ‘graben’ are inverted into highs
within the sedimentary basin
• Inversion is a common feature in Tertiary sedimentary basin
on the Sunda Shelf
Selama transisi dari rezim tektonik ekstensional ke
compressional inversi tektonik , sering terjadi
Kesalahan yang diaktifkan dengan inversi arah gerakan
Bagian bawah cekungan misalnya ' graben ' terbalik ke tertinggi
dalam cekungan sedimen
Inversi adalah fitur umum di Tersier sedimen basin di Paparan

37. TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHY:
• To arrange sedimentary strata in its tectonic environment
• Tectono-stratigraphic sequences are separated by unconformities
which reflects a tectonic event
• The tectonics event caused a change in the tectonic environment
are e.g. rifting, sagging, collision, uplift, dsb.
• Each tectonic environment is characterized by a certain facies
association
Untuk mengatur sedimen strata dalam lingkungan tektonik yang
Urutan tektono - stratigrafi yang dipisahkan oleh bidang ketidakselarasan
yang mencerminkan peristiwa tektonik
Acara tektonik menyebabkan perubahan dalam lingkungan tektonik
adalah misalnya rifting , kendur , tabrakan , mengangkat, dsb .
Setiap lingkungan tektonik ditandai oleh asosiasi fasies tertentu

38. TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC TERMS
• Pre-Rift
• Syn-Rift
• Post-Rift, Sag
• Passive Margin Deposition (Syn-drift?)
• Pre-Orogenic (Pre-Collision)
• Syn-Orogenic (Syn-Collision)
• Post Orogenic (Post Collision)

39. EXTENSIONAL TO COMPRESSIONAL
REGIME
• Drifting -------> passive margin basin
sedimentation
• Subduction -----> back-arc, inter-arc and fore-
arc basins
• Obduction --------->foreland basins & fore
deeps
• Continent to continent collision------> Suture
related foreland and fore deep basins

40. EVOLUTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN

41. PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
developing into a
CARBONATE PLATFORM
Contoh: Indonesia Timur –Australian continental margin

42. EVOLUTION OF
BASINS RIFT –
TO-
BACK-ARC BASIN
?
?
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

43. Evolution of a Back-arc Basin
Model
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
PRE-RIFT

44. Evolution of a Back-arc Basin
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
SYN-RIFT

45. Evolution of a Back-arc Basin
Model
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
POST-RIFT

46. Evolution of a Back-arc Basin
Model
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
INVERSION: Syn & Post orogenic deposition

47. EVOLUTION OF
BASINS:
FROM RIFT –
TO –
FORELAND
BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT-COLLIDE
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

48. Evolution of the Rift-Drift-
Collision Model
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
SYN-RIFT

49. Evolution of the Rift-Drift-
Collision Model
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
POST-RIFT

50. Evolution of the Rift-Drift-Collision
Model
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

51. Evolution of the Rift-Drift-
Collision Model
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

52. Evolution of the Rift-Drift-Collision
Model
INVERSION: Syn & Post orogenic deposition

53. EVOLUTION OF
BASINS:
FROM RIFT –
TO –
FORELAND
BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT-COLLIDE
(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

54. Western Indonesia Paleogene Rift-Basins

55. Western Indonesia Neogene Sedimentary Basins

56. Western Indonesia Tertiary
Stratigraphy