PCS_902_Line_Distance_Relay_Instruction.pdf

PCS-902
Line Distance Relay
Instruction Manual
NR Electric Co., Ltd.

Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
Health and Safety
The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Qualified personnel are individuals who:
 Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
 Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
 Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
 Are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).
Instructions and Warnings
The following indicators and standard definitions are used:
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay i
Date: 2013-01-28

DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
 Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay
ii
Date: 2013-01-28

 Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
 Earth
The earthing terminal of the equipment must be securely earthed
 Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
 Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
 Printed circuit board
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
 External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
 Connection cable
Carefully handle the connection cable without applying excessive force.
Copyright
Version: R2.00
P/N: EN_XLBH5102.0082.1101
Copyright © NR 2013. All rights reserved
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
69 Suyuan Avenue. Jiangning, Nanjing 211102, China
Tel: +86-25-87178185, Fax: +86-25-87178208
Website: www.nrelect.com, www.nari-relays.com
Email: nr_techsupport@nari-relays.com
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
We reserve the rights to make technical improvements without notice.
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay iii
Date: 2013-01-28

Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relay’s use and application.
All contents provided by this manual are summarized as below:
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this relay.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this relay.
5 Management
Introduce the management function (measurement, recording and remote control) of this relay.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each plug-in module of this relay and providing the
definition of pins of each plug-in module.
7 Settings
List settings including system settings, communication settings, label settings, logic links and etc.,
and some notes about the setting application.
8 Human Machine Interface
Introduce the hardware of the human machine interface (HMI) module and a detailed guide for the
user how to use this relay through HMI. It also lists all the information which can be view through
HMI, such as settings, measurements, all kinds of reports etc.
9 Configurable Function
Introduce configurable function of the device and all configurable signals are listed.
10 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.
11 Installation
iv
Date: 2013-01-28

Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
12 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this relay.
13 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this relay is outlined.
14 Decommissioning and Disposal
A general decommissioning and disposal policy for this relay is outlined.
15 Manual Version History
List the instruction manual version and the modification history records.
Typographic and Graphical Conventions
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
The following symbols are used in drawings:
&
AND gate
≥1
OR gate
Comparator
BI
Binary signal via opto-coupler
SET I>
Input signal from comparator with setting
EN
Input signal of logic setting for function enabling
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay v
Date: 2013-01-28

SIG
Input of binary signal except those signals via opto-coupler
XXX
Output signal
t
t
Timer
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay dropoff (0ms), non-settable]
[XXX] 0ms
Timer (delay pickup, settable)
0ms [XXX]
Timer (delay dropoff, settable)
[XXX] [XXX]
Timer (delay pickup, delay dropoff, settable)
IDMT
Timer (inverse-time characteristic)
---xxx is the symbol
vi
Date: 2013-01-28

1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.....................................................................................1-a
1.1 Application....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Function........................................................................................................... 1-4
1.3 Features........................................................................................................... 1-7
List of Figures
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-902 for single circuit breaker................................. 1-1
Figure 1.1-2 Typical application of PCS-902 for double circuit breakers.............................. 1-2
Figure 1.1-2 Functional diagram of PCS-902............................................................................ 1-3
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-a
Date: 2013-01-28

1-b
Date: 2013-01-28

1.1 Application
PCS-902 is a digital line distance protection with the main and back-up protection functions, which
is designed for overhead line or cables and hybrid transmission lines of various voltage levels.
Optical fibre channel or PLC channel
Communication channel via direct dedicated fibre, MUX or PLC
52
PCS-902
PCS-902
52
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-902 for single circuit breaker
Main protection of PCS-902 comprises of pilot distance protection (PUTT, POTT, blocking and
unblocking) and pilot directional earth-fault protection (selectable for independent communication
channel or sharing channel with POTT), which can clear any internal fault instantaneously for the
whole line with the aid of protection signalling. DPFC distance protection can perform extremely
high speed operation for close-up faults. There is direct transfer trip (DTT) feature incorporated in
the relay.
PCS-902 also includes distance protection (3 forward zones and 1 reverse zone with selectable
mho or quadrilateral characteristic), 4 stages directional earth fault protection, 4 stages directional
phase overcurrent protection, 2 stages voltage protection (under/over voltage protection), broken
conductor protection, pole discrepancy protection, breaker failure protection, frequency protection,
thermal overload protection, and dead zone protection etc. Moreover, a backup overcurrent and
earth fault protection will be automatically enabled when VT circuit is failure.
In addition, stub overcurrent protection is provided for one and a half breakers arrangement when
transmission line is put into maintenance.
PCS-902 can be configured to support single circuit breaker application or double circuit breakers
application by PCS-Exploerer. If the device is applied to double circuit breakers mode, all
protection functions related to the number of circuit breaker will be affected, including circuit
breaker position supervision, breaker failure protection, dead zone protection, pole discrepancy
protection, synchrocheck, automatic reclosure, trip logic, CT circuit supervision.
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-1
Date: 2013-01-28

Bus2
Bus1
Line 1
Line 2
52
PCS-902
52
52
Single-phase
voltage
Three-phase
voltage
Single-phase
voltage
Figure 1.1-2 Typical application of PCS-902 for double circuit breakers
PCS-902 has selectable mode of single-phase tripping or three-phase tripping and configurable
auto-reclosing mode for 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole operation.
PCS-902 with appropriate selection of integrated protection functions can be applied for various
voltage levels and primary equipment such as cables, overhead lines, interconnectors and
transformer feeder, etc. It also supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs, LEDs and IEC
61850 protocol.
1-2
Date: 2013-01-28

BUS
LINE
25
FR
FL
52
85 21
Data Transmitt/Receive
27
59
50BF
67P
21D 67G
50STB (Only for one and a half breakers arrangement)
50G
51G
50P
51P
79
SOTF
49 46BC
81
51GVT 51PVT 62PD
50DZ
Figure 1.1-3 Functional diagram of PCS-902
No. Function ANSI
1 Pilot protection 85
2 DPFC distance protection 21D
3 Distance protection 21
4 Earth fault protection 67G
5 Definite-time earth-fault protection 50G
6 Inverse-time earth-fault protection 51G
8 Phase overcurrent protection 67P
9 Definite-time phase overcurrent protection 50P
10 Inverse-time phase overcurrent protection 51P
11 Overvoltage protection 59
12 Undervoltage protection 27
13 Frequency protection 81
14 Broken conductor protection 46BC
15 Breaker failure protection 50BF
16 Thermal overload protection 49
17 Stub overcurrent protection 50STB
18 Dead zone protection 50DZ
19 Pole discrepancy protection 62PD
20 Switch onto fault SOTF
21 Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure 51PVT
22 Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure 51GVT
23 Synchronism check 25
24 Automatic reclosure 79
25 Fault recorder FR
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26 Fault location FL
1.2 Function
1. Protection Function
 Distance protection
 Three zones forward phase-to-ground distance elements (mho or quadrilateral
characteristic)
 One pilot zone phase-to-ground distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
with weakinfeed distance element
 One zone reverse phase-to-ground distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
 Three zones forward phase-to-phase distance elements (mho or quadrilateral
characteristic)
 One pilot zone phase-to-phase distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
with weakinfeed distance element
 One zone reverse phase-to-phase distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
 Load encroachment for mho and quadrilateral characteristic distance element
 Power swing blocking releasing, selectable for each of above mentioned zones
 Deviation of Power Frequency Component (DPFC) distance protection
 Current protection
 Four stages phase overcurrent protection, selectable time characteristic (definite-time or
inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, reverse direction or non-directional)
 Four stages directional earth fault protection, selectable time characteristic (definite-time
or inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, reverse direction or non-directional)
 Breaker failure protection
 Optional instantaneously re-tripping
 One stage with two delay timers
 Thermal overload protection
 Stub overcurrent protection
 Dead zone protection
 Pole discrepancy protection
 Broken conductor protection
 Switch onto fault (SOTF)
1-4
Date: 2013-01-28

 Via distance measurement elements
 Via dedicated earth fault element
 Backup protection when VT circuit failure
 Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
 Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure
 Voltage protection
 Two stages overvoltage protection
 Two stages undervoltage protection
 Frequency protection
 Four stages overfrequency protection
 Four stages underfrequency protection
 f/dt block criterion for underfrequency protection
 Control function
 Synchro-checking
 Automatic reclosure (single shot or multi-shot (max. 4) for 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR)
 Pilot scheme logic
 Phase-segregated communication logic of distance protection
 Weak infeed logic of pilot distance protection
 Weak infeed logic of pilot directional earth fault protection
 Communication scheme of optical pilot channel (Optional)
 Direct optical link
 Connection to a communication network, support G.703 and C37.94 protocol
 Dual-channels redundancy
2. Measurement and control function
 Remote control (open and closing)
 Synchronism check for remote and manual closing (only for one circuit breaker)
 Energy metering (active and reactive energy are calculated in import respectively export
direction)
3. Logic
 User programmable logic
Date: 2013-01-28

4. Additional function
 Fault location
 Fault phase selection
 Parallel line compensation for fault location
 VT circuit supervision
 CT circuit supervision
 Self diagnostic
 DC power supply supervision
 Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs.
 Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
 Four kinds of clock synchronization methods
 Conventional
 PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
 IRIG-B (RS-485): IRIG-B via RS-485 differential level
 PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the optical coupler
 PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the optical coupler
 SAS
 SNTP (PTP): Unicast (point-to-point) SNTP mode via Ethernet network
 SNTP (BC): Broadcast SNTP mode via Ethernet network
 Message (IEC103): Clock messages through IEC103 protocol
 Advanced
 IEEE1588: Clock message via IEEE1588
 IRIG-B (Fiber): IRIG-B via optical-fibre interface
 PPS (Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface
 NoTimeSync
5. Monitoring
 Number of circuit breaker operation (single-phase tripping, three-phase tripping and
reclosing)
 Channel status
1-6
Date: 2013-01-28

 Frequency
6. Communication
 Optional 2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
 1 RS-485 communication rear ports for clock synchronization
 Optional 2 or 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type of MON plug-in module) conform
to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
 Optional 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface) conform to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0
protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
 GOOSE and SV communication function (optional NET-DSP plug-in module)
7. User Interface
 Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
 1 front multiplex RJ45 port for testing and setting
 1 RS-232 or RS-485 rear ports for printer
 Language switchover – English+ selected language
 Auxiliary software - PCS-Explorer
1.3 Features
 The intelligent device integrated with protection, control and monitor provides powerful
protection function, flexible protection configuration, user programmable logic and
configurable binary input and binary output, which can meet with various application
requirements.
 High-performance hardware platform and modularized design, MCU (management control
unit)＋DSP (digital signal processor). MCU manages general fault detector element and DSP
manages protection and metering. Their data acquisition system is completely independent in
electronic circuit. DC power supply of output relay is controlled by the operation of fault
detector element operates, this prevents maloperation due to error from ADC or damage of
any apparatus.
 Fast fault clearance for faults within the protected line, the operating time is less than 10 ms
for close-up faults, less than 15ms for faults in the middle portion of protected line and less
than 25ms for remote end faults.
 The unique DPFC distance element integrated in the protective device provides extremely
high speed operation and insensitive to power swing.
 Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
improves the protection sensitivity and stability under the condition of load fluctuation and
system disturbance.
Date: 2013-01-28

 Advanced and reliable power swing blocking releasing feature which ensure distance
protection operate correctly for internal fault during power swing and prevent distance
protection from maloperation during power swing
 Flexible automatic reclosure supports various initiation modes and check modes
 Multiple setting groups with password protection and setting value saved permanently before
modification
 Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection function configuration, modify setting and
waveform analysis.
1-8
Date: 2013-01-28

2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
2 Technical Data.................................................................................2-a
2.1 Electrical Specifications................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1 AC Current Input.................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.2 AC Voltage Input.................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.3 Power Supply....................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.4 Binary Input.......................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.5 Binary Output....................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2 Mechanical Specifications ............................................................................. 2-3
2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range.................................................. 2-3
2.4 Communication Port....................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.1 EIA-485 Port ........................................................................................................................ 2-3
2.4.2 Ethernet Port........................................................................................................................ 2-3
2.4.3 Optical Fibre Port................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.4 Print Port.............................................................................................................................. 2-5
2.4.5 Clock Synchronization Port ................................................................................................. 2-5
2.5 Type Tests........................................................................................................ 2-5
2.5.1 Environmental Tests ............................................................................................................ 2-5
2.5.2 Mechanical Tests ................................................................................................................. 2-5
2.5.3 Electrical Tests..................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility............................................................................................. 2-5
2.6 Certifications................................................................................................... 2-6
2.7 Protective Functions....................................................................................... 2-7
2.7.1 Fault Detector ...................................................................................................................... 2-7
2.7.2 Distance Protection.............................................................................................................. 2-7
2.7.3 Phase Overcurrent Protection............................................................................................. 2-7
Date: 2012-06-25

2.7.4 Earth Fault Protection.......................................................................................................... 2-7
2.7.5 Overvoltage Protection........................................................................................................ 2-7
2.7.6 Undervoltage Protection...................................................................................................... 2-8
2.7.7 Overfrequency Protection.................................................................................................... 2-8
2.7.8 Underfrequency Protection.................................................................................................. 2-8
2.7.9 Breaker Failure Protection................................................................................................... 2-8
2.7.10 Thermal Overload Protection............................................................................................. 2-9
2.7.11 Stub Overcurrent Protection .............................................................................................. 2-9
2.7.12 Dead Zone Protection........................................................................................................ 2-9
2.7.13 Pole Discrepancy Protection ............................................................................................. 2-9
2.7.14 Broken Conductor Protection ............................................................................................ 2-9
2.7.15 Auto-reclosing.................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.7.16 Transient Overreach........................................................................................................ 2-10
2.7.17 Fault Locator.................................................................................................................... 2-10
2-b
Date: 2012-06-25

2.1 Electrical Specifications
2.1.1 AC Current Input
Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50±5Hz, 60±5Hz
Rated current (In) 1A 5A
Linear to 0.05In~40In (It should measure current without beyond full scale
against 20 times of related current and value of DC offset by 100%.)
Thermal withstand
-continuously
-for 10s
-for 1s
-for half a cycle
4In
30In
100In
250In
Burden < 0.15VA/phase @In < 0.25VA/phase @In
Number Up to 7 current input according to various applications
2.1.2 AC Voltage Input
Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50±5Hz, 60±5Hz
Rated voltage (Un) 100V~130V
Linear to 1V~170V
Thermal withstand
-continuously
-10s
-1s
200V
260V
300V
Burden at rated < 0.20VA/phase @Un
Number Up to 6 voltage input according to various applications
2.1.3 Power Supply
Standard IEC 60255-11:2008
Rated voltage 110Vdc/125Vdc/220Vdc/250Vdc
Permissible voltage range 88~300Vdc
Permissible AC ripple voltage ≤15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage
Burden
Quiescent condition
Operating condition
<30W
<35W
2.1.4 Binary Input
Rated voltage 24V 48V
Rated current drain 1.2mA 2.4mA
Pickup voltage 13~17V 26~34V
Dropoff voltage 50% of pickup voltage
Date: 2012-06-25

Maximum permissible voltage 100Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input ≤1ms
Number Up to 36 binary input according to various hardware configurations
Rated voltage 110V 125V 220V 250V
Rated current drain 1.1mA 1.25mA 2.2mA 2.5mA
Pickup voltage 60.5~77V 70~87.5V 121~154V
Dropoff voltage 50% of pickup voltage
Maximum permissible voltage 300Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input ≤1ms
Number Up to 36 binary input according to various hardware configurations
2.1.5 Binary Output
1. Tripping/signaling contact
Output mode Potential free contact
Continuous carry
5A@380Vac
5A@250Vdc
Pickup time <8ms (typical 5ms)
Dropoff time <5ms
Breaking capacity (L/R=40ms)
0.65A@48Vdc
0.30A@110Vdc
0.15A@220Vdc
Burden 300mW
Maximal system voltage
380Vac
250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min
Short duration current
6A@3s
15A@0.5s
30A@0.2s
Number Up to 55 binary output according to various hardware configurations
2. Fast signaling contact
Output mode Potential free contact
Continuous carry
5A@380Vac
5A@250Vdc
Pickup time <1ms
Dropoff time <5ms
Breaking capacity (L/R=0ms)
1.0A@48Vdc
0.9A@110Vdc
0.4A@220Vdc
Maximal system voltage 380Vac
2-2
Date: 2012-06-25

250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min
2.2 Mechanical Specifications
Enclosure dimensions (W×H×D) 482.6mm×177.0mm×291.0mm
Mounting Way Flush mounted
Trepanning dimensions (W×H) 450.0mm×179.0mm, M6 screw
Chassis color Silver grey
Weight per device Approx. 15kg
Chassis material Aluminum alloy
Location of terminal Rear panel of the device
Device structure Plug-in modular type @ rear side, integrated frontplate
Protection class
Front side IP40, up to IP51 (With cover)
Other sides IP30
Rear side, connection terminals IP20
2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range
Operating temperature -40°C to +70°C (Readability of disaply may be impaired below -20°C)
Transport and storage temperature
range
-40°C to +70°C
Permissible humidity 5%-95%, without condensation
Pollution degree Ⅱ
Altitude <3000m
2.4 Communication Port
2.4.1 EIA-485 Port
Baud rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997
Maximal capacity 32
Transmission distance <500m
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable
2.4.2 Ethernet Port
Connector type RJ-45 ST (Multi mode)
Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Transmission standard 100Base-TX 100Base-FX
Transmission distance <100m <2km (1310nm)
Date: 2012-06-25

Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997, DNP 3.0 or IEC 61850
2.4.3 Optical Fibre Port
2.4.3.1 For Station Level
Characteristic Glass optical fiber
Connector type ST
Fibre type Multi mode
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Transmission power Min. -20.0dBm
Minimum receiving power Min. -30.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB
2.4.3.2 For Process Level
Connector type LC
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Transmission power Min. -20.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB
2.4.3.3 For Pilot Channel
Connector type FC ST
Fibre type Single mode Multi mode
Wave length 1310nm 1550nm 850nm
Transmission distance Max.40km Max.100km Max.2km
Transmission power -13.0±3.0 dBm -5.0 dBm±3.0 dBm -12dBm~-20 dBm
Minimum receiving power Min.-37 dBm Min.-36 dBm Min. -30.0dBm
Optical overload point Min.-3 dBm Min.-3 dBm Min.-8 dBm
2.4.3.4 For Synchronization Port
Connector type ST
Wave length 820nm
Margin Min +3.0dB
2-4
Date: 2012-06-25

2.4.4 Print Port
Type RS-232
Baud Rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Printer type EPSON
®
300K printer
2.4.5 Clock Synchronization Port
Type RS-485
Transmission distance <500m
Maximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
2.5 Type Tests
2.5.1 Environmental Tests
Dry cold test IEC60068-2-1:2007
Dry heat test IEC60068-2-2:2007
Damp heat test, cyclic IEC60068-2-30:2005
2.5.2 Mechanical Tests
Vibration IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class Ⅰ
Shock and bump IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class Ⅰ
2.5.3 Electrical Tests
Dielectric tests Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min
Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV
Overvoltage category Ⅲ
Insulation resistance
measurements
Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility
1MHz burst disturbance test
IEC 60255-22-1:2007
Common mode: class Ⅲ 2.5kV
Differential mode: class Ⅲ 1.0kV
Electrostatic discharge test
IEC60255-22-2:2008 class Ⅳ
For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
Radio frequency interference tests
IEC 60255-22-3:2007 class Ⅲ
Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
Date: 2012-06-25

10V/m (rms), f=80~1000MHz
Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz
Radiated pulse-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=900MHz
Fast transient disturbance tests
IEC 60255-22-4:2008
Power supply, I/O, Earth: class Ⅳ, 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: class Ⅳ, 2kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns
Surge immunity test
IEC 60255-22-5:2008
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class Ⅳ, 1.2/50us
Common mode: 4kV
Differential mode: 2kV
Conducted RF Electromagnetic
Disturbance
IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class Ⅲ, 10Vrms, 150
kHz~80MHz
Power Frequency Magnetic Field
Immunity
IEC 61000-4-8:2001
class Ⅴ, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity
IEC 61000-4-9:2001
class Ⅴ, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
Damped oscillatory magnetic field
immunity
IEC 61000-4-10:2001
class Ⅴ, 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m
Auxiliary power supply performance
- Voltage dips
-Voltage short interruptions
IEC60255-11: 2008
Up to 500ms for dips to 40% of rated voltage without reset
100ms for interruption without rebooting
2.6 Certifications
 ISO9001:2008
 ISO14001:2004
 OHSAS18001:2007
 ISO10012:2003
 CMMI L4
 EMC: 2004/108/EC, EN50263:1999
 Products safety(PS): 2006/95/EC, EN61010-1:2001
2-6
Date: 2012-06-25

2.7 Protective Functions
2.7.1 Fault Detector
2.7.1.1 DPFC Current Element
Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
2.7.1.2 Residual Current Element
2.7.1.3 Overvoltage Element
Setting range Un~2Unn (V)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater
2.7.2 Distance Protection
Setting range (0.000~4Unn)/In (ohm)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.1Ω/In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000~10.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms
2.7.3 Phase Overcurrent Protection
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater
(for current between 1.2 and 20 multiples of pickup)
2.7.4 Earth Fault Protection
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
2.7.5 Overvoltage Protection
Setting range Un~2Unn (V)
Date: 2012-06-25

Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
(for voltage between 1.2 and 2 multiples of pickup)
2.7.6 Undervoltage Protection
Setting range 0~Unn (V)
Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
(for voltage between 0.5 and 0.8 multiples of pickup)
2.7.7 Overfrequency Protection
Setting range 50.00~65.00 (Hz)
Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~100.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times frequency setting)
2.7.8 Underfrequency Protection
Setting range 45.00~ 60.00 (Hz)
Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz
Time delay 0.000s ~ 100.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 0.8 times frequency setting)
df/dt blocking setting range 0.200~20.000 (Hz/s)
Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz/s
2.7.9 Breaker Failure Protection
Pick-up time <20ms
Drop-off time <20ms
Setting range of phase current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Setting range of zero-sequence current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Setting range of negative-sequence current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Time delay (first) 0.000~10.000 (s)
Time delay (second) 0.000~10.000 (s)
2-8
Date: 2012-06-25

2.7.10 Thermal Overload Protection
Base current setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Line thermal time constant 0.100~100.000 (min)
Thermal overload coefficient for trip 1.000~3.000
Thermal overload coefficient for alarm 1.000~3.000
Resetting ratio 95%
Drop-off time <30ms
Time accuracy
2.7.11 Stub Overcurrent Protection
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~10.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
2.7.12 Dead Zone Protection
Setting range 0.050In~30.000In
Accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.02In whichever is greater
Time delay 0.000~10.000s
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms
2.7.13 Pole Discrepancy Protection
Setting range (zero-sequence current) 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Setting range (negative-sequence current) 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~600.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
2.7.14 Broken Conductor Protection
Setting range (I2/I1) 0.20~1.00
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~600.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms
2.7.15 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)
Accuracy 2.0Deg
Date: 2012-06-25

Voltage difference setting range 0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
Frequency difference setting range 0.02~1 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.01Hz
Operating time of synchronism check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of auto-reclosing ≤1%Setting+20ms
2.7.16 Transient Overreach
Tolerance for all high-speed protection ≤2%
2.7.17 Fault Locator
Accuracy for multi-phase faults with single end feed < ±2.5%
Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with high ground resistance.
2-10
Date: 2012-06-25

3 Operation Theory
Table of Contents
3 Operation Theory............................................................................3-a
3.1 System Parameters......................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 General Application ............................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.2 Function Description............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.3 Settings................................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Line Parameters .............................................................................................. 3-2
3.2.3 Settings................................................................................................................................ 3-2
3.3 Circuit Breaker Position Supervision............................................................ 3-3
3.3.3 Function Block Diagram ...................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.4 I/O Signals ........................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3.5 Logic .................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.3.6 Settings................................................................................................................................ 3-7
3.4 Fault Detector (FD).......................................................................................... 3-7
3.4.1 Application ........................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.4.2 Fault Detector in Fault Detector DSP.................................................................................. 3-8
3.4.3 Protection Fault Detector in Protection Calculation DSP.................................................. 3-10
3.4.4 Function Block Diagram .................................................................................................... 3-12
3.4.5 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................... 3-12
3.4.6 Logic .................................................................................................................................. 3-12
3.4.7 Settings.............................................................................................................................. 3-12
3.5 Auxiliary Element.......................................................................................... 3-13
Date: 2013-03-15

3.5.1 General Application ........................................................................................................... 3-13
3.5.2 Function Description.......................................................................................................... 3-13
3.5.4 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................... 3-16
3.5.5 Logic .................................................................................................................................. 3-18
3.5.6 Settings.............................................................................................................................. 3-21
3.6 Distance Protection ...................................................................................... 3-23
3.6.3 DPFC Distance Protection................................................................................................. 3-31
3.6.4 Load Encroachment .......................................................................................................... 3-35
3.6.5 Mho Distance Protection ................................................................................................... 3-37
3.6.6 Quadrilateral Distance Element......................................................................................... 3-51
3.6.7 Pilot Distance Zone............................................................................................................ 3-62
3.6.8 Power Swing Detection ..................................................................................................... 3-65
3.6.9 Power Swing Blocking Releasing...................................................................................... 3-66
3.6.10 Distance SOTF Protection............................................................................................... 3-71
3.7 Optical Pilot Channel (Optional) .................................................................. 3-78
3.7.4 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................... 3-83
3.7.5 Logic .................................................................................................................................. 3-85
3.7.6 Settings.............................................................................................................................. 3-85
3.8 Pilot Distance Protection.............................................................................. 3-85
3.8.4 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................... 3-96
3.8.5 Settings.............................................................................................................................. 3-97
3-b
Date: 2013-03-15

3.9 Pilot Directional Earth-fault Protection ....................................................... 3-98
3.9.3 Function Block Diagram .................................................................................................. 3-104
3.9.4 I/O Signals ....................................................................................................................... 3-104
3.9.5 Settings............................................................................................................................ 3-105
3.10 Current Direction....................................................................................... 3-106
3.10.1 General Application ....................................................................................................... 3-106
3.10.2 Function Description...................................................................................................... 3-106
3.10.3 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................3-110
3.10.4 Settings...........................................................................................................................3-111
3.11 Phase Overcurrent Protection ..................................................................3-111
3.11.1 General Application.........................................................................................................3-111
3.11.2 Function Description .......................................................................................................3-111
3.11.3 Function Block Diagram..................................................................................................3-114
3.11.4 I/O Signals.......................................................................................................................3-114
3.11.5 Logic................................................................................................................................3-115
3.11.6 Settings ...........................................................................................................................3-115
3.12 Earth Fault Protection................................................................................3-119
3.12.1 General Application ........................................................................................................3-119
3.12.2 Function Description.......................................................................................................3-119
3.12.3 Function Block Diagram ................................................................................................ 3-121
3.12.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-122
3.12.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-123
3.12.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-124
3.13 Overcurrent Protection for VT Circuit Failure ........................................ 3-128
3.13.3 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-128
3.13.4 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-129
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-c
Date: 2013-03-15

3.13.5 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-130
3.14 Residual Current SOTF Protection.......................................................... 3-130
3.14.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-131
3.14.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-131
3.14.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-132
3.15 Voltage Protection..................................................................................... 3-132
3.15.1 Overvoltage Protection.................................................................................................. 3-132
3.15.2 Undervoltage Protection................................................................................................ 3-138
3.16 Frequency Protection ............................................................................... 3-144
3.16.2 Overfrequency Protection.............................................................................................. 3-144
3.16.3 Underfrequency Protection............................................................................................ 3-148
3.17 Breaker Failure Protection ....................................................................... 3-153
3.17.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-155
3.17.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-156
3.17.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-157
3.18 Thermal Overload Protection................................................................... 3-157
3.18.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-159
3.18.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-160
3.18.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-161
3.19 Stub Overcurrent Protection.................................................................... 3-162
3-d
Date: 2013-03-15

3.19.3 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-163
3.19.4 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-163
3.19.5 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-164
3.20 Dead Zone Protection............................................................................... 3-164
3.20.4 I/O Signal....................................................................................................................... 3-165
3.20.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-165
3.20.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-166
3.21 Pole Discrepancy Protection.................................................................... 3-166
3.21.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-167
3.21.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-167
3.21.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-168
3.22 Broken Conductor Protection.................................................................. 3-168
3.22.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-169
3.22.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-170
3.22.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-170
3.23 Synchrocheck ........................................................................................... 3-170
3.23.3 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-179
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-e
Date: 2013-03-15

3.23.4 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-180
3.23.5 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-182
3.24 Automatic Reclosure ................................................................................ 3-184
3.24.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-186
3.24.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-188
3.24.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-199
3.25 Transfer Trip .............................................................................................. 3-201
3.25.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-202
3.25.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-202
3.25.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-203
3.26 Trip Logic................................................................................................... 3-203
3.26.3 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-203
3.26.4 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-204
3.26.5 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-208
3.27 VT Circuit Supervision.............................................................................. 3-208
3.27.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-209
3.27.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-210
3.27.6 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-210
3.28 CT Circuit Supervision ..............................................................................3-211
3-f
Date: 2013-03-15

3.28.1 General Application ........................................................................................................3-211
3.28.2 Function Description.......................................................................................................3-211
3.28.3 Function Block Diagram .................................................................................................3-211
3.28.4 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................3-211
3.28.5 Logic .............................................................................................................................. 3-212
3.29 Control and Synchrocheck for Manual Closing ..................................... 3-212
3.29.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-219
3.29.5 Settings.......................................................................................................................... 3-221
3.30 Faulty Phase Selection............................................................................. 3-222
3.30.3 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-224
3.31 Fault Location ........................................................................................... 3-224
3.31.1 Application ..................................................................................................................... 3-224
3.31.3 Mutual Compensation.................................................................................................... 3-225
3.31.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-227
List of Figures
Figure 3.3-1 Logic diagram of CB position supervision (single CB mode).......................... 3-6
Figure 3.3-2 Logic diagram of CB position supervision (double CBs mode)....................... 3-6
Figure 3.3-3 Logic diagram of trip&closing circuit supervision (single CB mode) ............. 3-7
Figure 3.3-4 Logic diagram of trip&closing circuit supervision (double CBs mode).......... 3-7
Figure 3.4-1 Flow chart of protection program...................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3.4-2 Logic diagram of fault detector..........................................................................3-12
Figure 3.5-1 Logic diagram of auxiliary element ...................................................................3-21
Figure 3.6-1 Protected reach of distance protection for each zone .................................... 3-24
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-g
Date: 2013-03-15

Figure 3.6-2 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1)......................................... 3-25
Figure 3.6-3 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1)......................................... 3-26
Figure 3.6-4 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-26
Figure 3.6-5 Operating time of two-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-27
Figure 3.6-6 Operating time of three-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1)........................................... 3-27
Figure 3.6-7 Operating time of three-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1)........................................... 3-28
Figure 3.6-8 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30)....................................... 3-28
Figure 3.6-9 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30)....................................... 3-29
Figure 3.6-10 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ......................................... 3-29
Figure 3.6-11 Operating time of two-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ......................................... 3-30
Figure 3.6-12 Operating time of three-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30)....................................... 3-30
Figure 3.6-13 Operating time of three-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30)....................................... 3-31
Figure 3.6-14 Operation characteristic for forward fault ...................................................... 3-32
Figure 3.6-15 Operation characteristic for reverse fault.......................................................3-33
Figure 3.6-16 Logic diagram of DPFC distance protection................................................... 3-34
Figure 3.6-17 Distance element with load trapezoid .............................................................3-35
Figure 3.6-18 Phase-to-ground operation characteristic for forward fault......................... 3-37
Figure 3.6-19 Phase-to-phase operation characteristic for forward fault........................... 3-38
Figure 3.6-20 Operation characteristic for reverse fault.......................................................3-40
Figure 3.6-21 Steady-state characteristic of three-phase short-circuit fault...................... 3-40
Figure 3.6-22 Operation characteristic of three-phase close up short-circuit fault .......... 3-41
Figure 3.6-23 Shift impedance characteristic of zone 1 and zone 2.................................... 3-42
Figure 3.6-24 Operation characteristic of reverse Z4 distance protection ......................... 3-43
Figure 3.6-25 Logic diagram of enabling distance protection (Mho)................................... 3-45
Figure 3.6-26 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 1) ...................................... 3-45
Figure 3.6-30 Quadrilateral forward distance element characteristics ............................... 3-52
Figure 3.6-31 Zone 4 reverse quadrilateral distance element characteristic...................... 3-52
3-h
Date: 2013-03-15

Figure 3.6-32 Logic diagram of enabling distance protection (Quad)................................. 3-54
Figure 3.6-33 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 1) .................................... 3-55
Figure 3.6-37 Protected zone of pilot distance protection.................................................... 3-62
Figure 3.6-38 Pilot reverse weak infeed element...................................................................3-63
Figure 3.6-39 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Quad characteristic)......................... 3-63
Figure 3.6-40 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Mho characteristic)........................... 3-64
Figure 3.6-41 Logic diagram of power swing detection........................................................3-66
Figure 3.6-42 Logic diagram of PSBR.....................................................................................3-70
Figure 3.6-43 Logic diagram of enabling distance SOTF protection................................... 3-72
Figure 3.6-44 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by manual closing signal ...... 3-73
Figure 3.6-45 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by manual closing signal ...... 3-74
Figure 3.6-46 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by 1-pole or 3-pole AR ........... 3-75
Figure 3.6-47 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by PD condition...................... 3-75
Figure 3.7-1 Direct optical link up to 2km with 850nm..........................................................3-78
Figure 3.7-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm.... 3-79
Figure 3.7-3 Connect to a communication network via communication convertor .......... 3-79
Figure 3.7-4 Connect to a communication network via MUX-64.......................................... 3-79
Figure 3.7-5 Connect to a communication network via MUX-2M......................................... 3-80
Figure 3.7-6 Schematic diagram of communication channel time ...................................... 3-82
Figure 3.7-7 Logic diagram of receiving signal n ..................................................................3-85
Figure 3.8-1 Enabling/disabling logic of pilot distance protection...................................... 3-86
Figure 3.8-2 Logic diagram of receiving signal .....................................................................3-86
Figure 3.8-3 Zone extension.....................................................................................................3-87
Figure 3.8-4 Simple schematic of PUTT..................................................................................3-88
Figure 3.8-5 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (PUTT).......................................... 3-88
Figure 3.8-6 Simple schematic of POTT .................................................................................3-89
Figure 3.8-7 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (POTT).......................................... 3-89
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-i
Date: 2013-03-15

Figure 3.8-8 Simple schematic of system fault......................................................................3-90
Figure 3.8-9 Simple schematic of blocking ............................................................................3-91
Figure 3.8-10 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (Blocking).................................. 3-91
Figure 3.8-11 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (Unblocking).............................. 3-92
Figure 3.8-12 Current reversal .................................................................................................3-92
Figure 3.8-13 Logic diagram of current reversal blocking ................................................... 3-93
Figure 3.8-14 Line fault description.........................................................................................3-94
Figure 3.8-15 Weak infeed logic during pickup......................................................................3-94
Figure 3.8-16 Weak infeed logic without pickup....................................................................3-95
Figure 3.8-17 Simplified CB Echo logic for POTT..................................................................3-95
Figure 3.9-1 Enabling/disabling logic of pilot directional earth-fault protection ............... 3-99
Figure 3.9-2 Logic diagram of receiving signal .....................................................................3-99
Figure 3.9-3 Forward/reverse direction of zero-sequence power......................................3-100
Figure 3.9-4 Simple schematic of DEF (permissive scheme).............................................3-100
Figure 3.9-5 Logic diagram of DEF (permissive scheme)...................................................3-101
Figure 3.9-6 Simple schematic of blocking ..........................................................................3-102
Figure 3.9-7 Logic diagram of DEF (Blocking scheme) ......................................................3-102
Figure 3.9-8 Logic diagram for unblocking ..........................................................................3-103
Figure 3.10-1 Line fault description.......................................................................................3-106
Figure 3.10-2 Vector diagram of current and voltage..........................................................3-107
Figure 3.10-3 Vector diagram of zero-sequence power ......................................................3-109
Figure 3.11-1 Logic diagram of phase overcurrent protection........................................... 3-115
Figure 3.12-1 Logic diagram of earth fault protection.........................................................3-123
Figure 3.13-1 Logic diagram of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure ..................3-129
Figure 3.14-1 Logic diagram of residual current SOTF protection....................................3-131
Figure 3.15-1 Logic diagram of stage x of overvoltage protection....................................3-136
Figure 3.15-2 Blocking logic of undervoltage protection ...................................................3-142
Figure 3.15-3 Logic diagram of stage x of undervoltage protection .................................3-142
Figure 3.16-1 Logic diagram of overfrequency protection (stage 1).................................3-146
3-j
Date: 2013-03-15

Figure 3.16-1 Logic diagram of overfrequency protection (start)......................................3-147
Figure 3.16-2 Logic diagram of underfrequency protection (stag1)..................................3-150
Figure 3.16-2 Logic diagram of underfrequency protection (start) ...................................3-151
Figure 3.17-1 Logic diagram of breaker failure protection.................................................3-156
Figure 3.18-1 Characteristic curve of the thermal overload model ...................................3-159
Figure 3.18-2 Logic diagram of thermal overload protection (stage 1).............................3-160
Figure 3.18-2 Logic diagram of thermal overload protection (stage 2).............................3-161
Figure 3.19-1 3/2 breakers arrangement...............................................................................3-162
Figure 3.19-2 Logic diagram of stub overcurrent protection .............................................3-163
Figure 3.20-1 Dead zone protection ......................................................................................3-165
Figure 3.21-2 Logic diagram of pole discrepancy protection ............................................3-168
Figure 3.22-1 Logic diagram of broken conductor protection ...........................................3-170
Figure 3.23-1 Relationship between reference voltage and synchronous voltage.......... 3-171
Figure 3.23-2 Voltage connection for single busbar arrangement ....................................3-173
Figure 3.23-3 Voltage connection for single busbar arrangement ....................................3-173
Figure 3.23-4 Voltage connection for double busbars arrangement.................................3-174
Figure 3.23-5 Voltage selection for double busbars arrangement.....................................3-175
Figure 3.23-6 Voltage connection for one and a half breakers arrangement ...................3-176
Figure 3.23-7 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement.......................3-177
Figure 3.23-8 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement.......................3-178
Figure 3.23-9 Synchronism check.........................................................................................3-181
Figure 3.23-10 Dead charge check logic...............................................................................3-182
Figure 3.23-11 Synchrocheck logic.......................................................................................3-182
Figure 3.24-1 Logic diagram of AR ready.............................................................................3-189
Figure 3.24-2 Single-phase tripping initiating AR................................................................3-191
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-k
Date: 2013-03-15

Figure 3.24-3 Three-phase tripping initiating AR.................................................................3-191
Figure 3.24-4 1-pole AR initiation ..........................................................................................3-192
Figure 3.24-5 3-pole AR initiation ..........................................................................................3-192
Figure 3.24-6 One-shot AR .....................................................................................................3-193
Figure 3.24-7 Extra time delay and blocking logic of AR....................................................3-193
Figure 3.24-8 Reclosing output logic....................................................................................3-194
Figure 3.24-9 Reclosing failure and success.......................................................................3-195
Figure 3.24-10 Single-phase transient fault..........................................................................3-198
Figure 3.24-11 Single-phase permanent fault ([79.N_Rcls]=2)...........................................3-199
Figure 3.25-1 Logic diagram of transfer trip.........................................................................3-202
Figure 3.25-1 Tripping logic....................................................................................................3-206
Figure 3.25-2 Breaker failure initiation logic........................................................................3-206
Figure 3.26-2 Blocking AR logic ............................................................................................3-207
Figure 3.27-1 Logic of VT circuit supervision......................................................................3-210
Figure 3.27-2 Logic of VT neutral point supervision...........................................................3-210
Figure 3.28-1 Logic diagram of CT circuit failure ................................................................3-212
Figure 3.29-1 Logic diagram of closing primary equipment ..............................................3-214
Figure 3.29-2 Logic diagram of open primary equipment ..................................................3-215
Figure 3.29-3 Configuration page of control output 01 (default configration) .................3-216
Figure 3.29-4 Configuration page of control output 02 (default configration) .................3-217
Figure 3.30-1 The region of faulty phase selection .............................................................3-223
Figure 3.31-1 Equivalent sequence network........................................................................3-225
List of Tables
Table 3.1-1 System parameters..................................................................................................3-1
Table 3.2-1 Line parameters .......................................................................................................3-2
Table 3.3-1 I/O signals of CB position supervision ................................................................. 3-5
Table 3.3-2 Internal settings of CB position supervision (single CB mode)......................... 3-7
Table 3.3-3 Internal settings of CB position supervision (double CBs mode) ..................... 3-7
Table 3.4-1 I/O signals of fault detector ..................................................................................3-12
3-l
Date: 2013-03-15

Table 3.4-2 Settings of fault detector ......................................................................................3-12
Table 3.5-1 I/O signals of auxiliary element............................................................................3-16
Table 3.5-2 Settings of auxiliary element................................................................................3-21
Table 3.6-1 I/O signals of DPFC distance protection.............................................................3-34
Table 3.6-2 Settings of DPFC distance protection.................................................................3-34
Table 3.6-3 I/O signals of load encroachment........................................................................3-36
Table 3.6-4 Settings of load encroachment............................................................................3-36
Table 3.6-5 I/O signals of distance protection (Mho).............................................................3-44
Table 3.6-6 Settings of distance protection (Mho).................................................................3-48
Table 3.6-7 I/O signals of distance protection (Quad)...........................................................3-53
Table 3.6-8 Settings of distance protection (Quad) ...............................................................3-58
Table 3.6-9 Settings of pilot distance zone.............................................................................3-64
Table 3.6-10 I/O signals of power swing detection................................................................3-65
Table 3.6-11 Settings of power swing detection ....................................................................3-66
Table 3.6-12 I/O signals of PSBR .............................................................................................3-69
Table 3.6-13 Settings of PSBR .................................................................................................3-70
Table 3.6-14 I/O signals of distance SOTF protection...........................................................3-72
Table 3.6-15 Settings of distance SOTF protection ...............................................................3-76
Table 3.6-16 Internal settings of distance SOTF protection ................................................. 3-77
Table 3.7-1 I/O signals of pilot channel...................................................................................3-83
Table 3.7-2 Settings of pilot channel.......................................................................................3-85
Table 3.8-1 I/O signals of pilot distance protection ...............................................................3-96
Table 3.8-2 Settings of pilot distance protection ...................................................................3-97
Table 3.8-3 Internal settings of pilot distance protection ..................................................... 3-98
Table 3.9-1 I/O signals of pilot directional earth-fault protection.......................................3-104
Table 3.9-2 Settings of pilot directional earth-fault protection...........................................3-105
Table 3.9-3 Internal settings of pilot distance protection ...................................................3-105
Table 3.10-1 Direction description.........................................................................................3-108
Table 3.10-2 I/O signals of current direction ........................................................................ 3-110
Table 3.10-3 Settings of current direction .............................................................................3-111
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-m
Date: 2013-03-15

Table 3.11-1 Inverse-time curve parameters......................................................................... 3-113
Table 3.11-2 I/O signals of phase overcurrent protection................................................... 3-114
Table 3.11-3 Settings of phase overcurrent protection....................................................... 3-115
Table 3.12-1 Inverse-time curve parameters ........................................................................3-121
Table 3.12-2 I/O signals of earth fault protection.................................................................3-122
Table 3.12-3 Settings of earth fault protection.....................................................................3-124
Table 3.13-1 I/O signals of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure...........................3-128
Table 3.13-2 Settings of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure...............................3-130
Table 3.14-1 I/O signals of residual SOTF protection..........................................................3-131
Table 3.14-2 Settings of residual current SOTF protection ................................................3-132
Table 3.15-1 Inverse-time curve parameters ........................................................................3-134
Table 3.15-2 I/O signals of overvoltage protection ..............................................................3-135
Table 3.15-3 Settings of overvoltage protection ..................................................................3-136
Table 3.15-4 Inverse-time curve parameters of phase undervoltage protection..............3-140
Table 3.15-5 I/O signals of undervoltage protection............................................................3-141
Table 3.15-6 Settings of undervoltage protection................................................................3-143
Table 3.16-1 I/O signals of overfrequency protection .........................................................3-145
Table 3.16-2 Settings of overfrequency protection .............................................................3-147
Table 3.16-3 I/O signals of underfrequency protection.......................................................3-149
Table 3.16-4 Settings of underfrequency protection...........................................................3-152
Table 3.17-1 I/O signals of breaker failure protection .........................................................3-155
Table 3.17-2 Settings of breaker failure protection .............................................................3-157
Table 3.18-1 I/O signals of thermal overload protection .....................................................3-159
Table 3.18-2 Settings of thermal overload protection .........................................................3-161
Table 3.19-1 I/O signals of stub overcurrent protection......................................................3-163
Table 3.19-2 Settings of stub overcurrent protection..........................................................3-164
Table 3.20-1 I/O signals of dead zone protection.................................................................3-165
Table 3.20-2 Settings of dead zone protection.....................................................................3-166
Table 3.21-1 I/O signals of pole discrepancy protection.....................................................3-167
Table 3.21-2 Settings of pole discrepancy protection.........................................................3-168
3-n
Date: 2013-03-15

Table 3.22-1 I/O signals of broken conductor protection....................................................3-169
Table 3.22-2 Settings of broken conductor protection........................................................3-170
Table 3.23-1 I/O signals of synchrocheck.............................................................................3-179
Table 3.23-2 Settings of synchrocheck.................................................................................3-182
Table 3.24-1 I/O signals of auto-reclosing ............................................................................3-186
Table 3.24-2 Reclosing number .............................................................................................3-196
Table 3.24-3 Settings of auto-reclosing ................................................................................3-199
Table 3.25-1 I/O signals of transfer trip.................................................................................3-202
Table 3.25-2 Settings of Transfer trip ....................................................................................3-203
Table 3.26-1 I/O signals of trip logic......................................................................................3-203
Table 3.26-2 Settings of trip logic..........................................................................................3-208
Table 3.27-1 I/O signals of VT circuit supervision ...............................................................3-209
Table 3.27-2 VTS Settings.......................................................................................................3-210
Table 3.28-1 I/O signals of CT circuit supervision............................................................... 3-211
Table 3.29-1 I/O signals of control.........................................................................................3-219
Table 3.29-2 Control Settings.................................................................................................3-221
Table 3.29-3 Synchrocheck Settings.....................................................................................3-221
Table 3.30-1 Relation between ΔUOΦMAX and faulty phase .............................................3-223
Table 3.30-2 I/O signals of faulty phase selection ...............................................................3-224
Table 3.31-1 I/O signals of fault location...............................................................................3-227
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-o
Date: 2013-03-15

3-p
Date: 2013-03-15

3.1 System Parameters
3.1.1 General Application
The device performs various protection functions by respective algorithms with the information
(currents and voltages) acquired from primary system through current transformer and voltage
transformer, so it is important to configure analog input channels correctly.
Further to correct configuration of analog input channels, other protected system information, such
as the parameters of voltage transformer and current transformer are also required.
3.1.2 Function Description
The device generally considers transmission line as its protected object, current flows from busbar
to line is considered as the forward direction.
3.1.3 Settings
Table 3.1-1 System parameters
 For single circuit breaker mode
No. Name Range Step Unit Remark
1 Active_Grp 1~10 1 Active setting group
2 Opt_SysFreq 50 or 60 Hz System frequency
3 PrimaryEquip_ID ID of primary equipment
4 U1n 33.00~65500.00 0.01 kV Primary rated value of VT (phase to phase)
5 I1n 100~65500 1 A Primary rated value of CT
6 U2n 80.00~220.00 0.01 V
Secondary rated value of VT (phase to
phase)
7 I2n 1 or 5 A Secondary rated value of CT
8 f_High_FreqAlm 50~65 1 Hz
Frequency upper limit setting
The device will issue an alarm [Alm_Freq],
when system frequency is higher than the
setting.
9 f_Low_FreqAlm 45~60 1 Hz
Frequency lower limit setting
when system frequency is lower than the
setting.
 For double circuit breakers mode (x=1 or 2)
1 Active_Grp 1~10 1 Active setting group
2 Opt_SysFreq 50 or 60 Hz System frequency
3 PrimaryEquip_ID ID of primary equipment
4 U1n 33.00~65500.00 0.01 kV Primary rated value of VT (phase to phase)
5 U2n 80.00~220.00 0.01 V Secondary rated value of VT (phase to
Date: 2013-03-15

phase)
6 CB1.I1n 100~65500 1 A
Primary rated value of CT corresponding to
circuit breaker No.1
7 CB2.I1n
Primary rated value of CT corresponding to
circuit breaker No.2
8 I1n_Base 100~65500 1 A
Primary calculation base rated current of
CT
9 I2n_Base 1 or 5 A
Secondary calculation base rated current of
CT
10 f_High_FreqAlm 50~65 1 Hz
Frequency upper limit setting
when system frequency is higher than the
setting.
11 f_Low_FreqAlm 45~60 1 Hz
Frequency lower limit setting
when system frequency is lower than the
setting.
3.2 Line Parameters
When the device equips with line protection functions, line parameters of protected line are
required, especially for fault location, precise line parameters are the basic criterion for accurate
fault location.
Line parameters mainly include positive-sequence reactance, positive-sequence resistance,
zero-sequence reactance, zero-sequence resistance, mutual zero-sequence reactance, mutual
zero-sequence resistance and line length.
The positive-sequence reactance, zero-sequence reactance, positive-sequence resistance and
zero-sequence resistance are the reactance and resistance value of the whole line. In general, the
device locates the fault through calculating the impedance value from the location of the device to
fault point.
3.2.3 Settings
Table 3.2-1 Line parameters
1 X1L (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
Positive-sequence reactance of the whole
line (secondary value)
2 R1L (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
Positive-sequence resistance of the whole
line (secondary value)
3 X0L (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
Zero-sequence reactance of the whole line
(secondary value)
3-2
Date: 2013-03-15

4 R0L (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.010 ohm
Zero-sequence resistance of the whole line
(secondary value)
5 X0M (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
Zero-sequence mutual reactance
(secondary value)
6 R0M (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.01 ohm
Zero-sequence mutual resistance of the
whole line (secondary value)
7 LineLength 0.00~655.35 0.01 km Total length of the whole line
8 phi1_Reach 30.00~89.00 0.01 Deg
Phase angle of line positive-sequence
impedance
9 phi0_Reach 30.00~89.00 0.01 Deg
Phase angle of line zero-sequence
impedance
10 Real_K0 -4.000~4.000 0.001
Real component of zero-sequence
compensation coefficient
11 Imag_K0 -4.000~4.000 0.001
Imaginary component of zero-sequence
compensation coefficient
3.3 Circuit Breaker Position Supervision
The status of circuit breaker (CB) position is applied for protection and control functions in this
device, such as, SOTF protection, auto-reclose and VT circuit supervision, etc. The status of CB
position can be applied as input signals for other features configured by user.
The signal reflecting CB position is acquired via opto-coupler with settable delay pickup and
dropoff, and forms digital signal used by protection functions. CB position can reflect the status of
each phase by means of phase-segregated inputs.
In order to prevent that wrong status of CB position is input into the device via binary input,
appropriate monitor method is used to check the rationality of the binary input. When the binary
input of CB open position is detected, the status of CB position will be thought as incorrect and an
alarm [Alm_52b] will be issued if there is current detected in the line.
Together with the status of circuit breaker and the information of external circuit, this function can
be used to supervise control circuit of circuit breaker.
3.3.3 Function Block Diagram
1. For phase-segregated circuit breaker
Date: 2013-03-15

CB Position Supervision
Alm_52b
52b_PhA
52b_PhB
52b_PhC
ManCls
Alm_52b
CBx.52b_PhA
CBx.52b_PhB
CBx.52b_PhC
CBx.Test
CBx.ManCls
Single circuit breaker mode Double circuit breakers mode
2. For non-phase segregated circuit breaker
Alm_52b
52b
Test
ManCls
CBx.Alm_52b
CBx.52b
CBx.Test
CBx.ManCls
3. Trip&closing circuit supervision (TCCS)
TCCS
TCCS.Alm
52a
52b
TCCS.Input
ManCls
TCCS
CBx.TCCS.Alm
CBx.52a
CBx.52b
CBx.TCCS.Input
CBx.ManCls
CBx.Test
x=1 or 2
TCCS will be disabled automatically when it is used for phase-segregated circuit breaker.
3-4
Date: 2013-03-15

PCS_902_Line_Distance_Relay_Instruction.pdf

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