These slides present key data and information on child obesity and excess weight. They have been produced by the Obesity Risk Factors Intelligence team at PHE and can be used freely with acknowledgement to ‘Public Health England’.
These slides should be useful to practitioners and policy makers working to tackle child obesity at local, regional and national level. For example they are regularly used to make the case for tackling obesity in presentations to health and wellbeing boards, other committees and to elected members as well as in regional and national conference and workshop presentations.
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
From birth to adult life, we all pass through different live events that absence of one of them can lead to serious adulthood disorders. this short presentation summarize the developmental milestones from birth to 12 months of age. by Abenezel NIYOMURENGEZI.
Background of National Nutrition Program
Malnutrition in Nepal
Efforts to address under-nutrition
Objectives of National Nutrition Programme
Targets of National Nutrition Programme
Strategies of National Nutrition Programme
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
From birth to adult life, we all pass through different live events that absence of one of them can lead to serious adulthood disorders. this short presentation summarize the developmental milestones from birth to 12 months of age. by Abenezel NIYOMURENGEZI.
Background of National Nutrition Program
Malnutrition in Nepal
Efforts to address under-nutrition
Objectives of National Nutrition Programme
Targets of National Nutrition Programme
Strategies of National Nutrition Programme
Community Based Management of Acute Malnutrition according UNICEF and WHO standards Implementation in Oromia Region, Ethiopia WIth Pablo Horstmann Foundation and Alegria Sin Fronteras
In 2011 to reduce neonatal mortality government of India launched Home based new born care program based on Gadchirolli model of SEARCH. This presentation will tell about how the program is enrolling in our country.
Poshan Abhiyaan is a programme started by Indian government to eradicate malnutrition. It is started in 2018 on 8th of March on the occasion of International Womens Day.
The consumption of junk food and prevalence of childhood obesity is facing an all-time high in India and worldwide. Lets discuss what parents and teachers can do about this serious problem.
Agenda
The magnitude of the problem.
Risk factors of growth failure in infants and children.
Effect of good nutrition on growth.
The proper time for an intervention.
What are the management goals?
Important nutrients for optimal growth: Arginine & Vitamin K2.
Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
Childhood obesity, a very complex health issue that becomes a growing problem in the U.S. In fact, “over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese.” (Child obesity, n.d.). Physical diseases and conditions are often accompanying obesity. Also, obesity may have an adverse effect on various systems in a child’s body, such as heart, lungs, muscles and bones, kidneys, digestive tract, and hormones that control blood sugar and puberty. Furthermore, it can take a toll on social life because obese kids and teenagers are more likely to have low self-esteem. “Childhood obesity is one of the most serious threats to the health of our nation.” (Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity, n.d.). Children and youth who are obese and overweight will likely remain overweight or obese into adulthood.
References
Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/content/rwjf/en/how-we-work/grants-explorer/featured-programs/healthy-eating-research.html
Childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/global-obesity-trends-in-children/
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
Community Based Management of Acute Malnutrition according UNICEF and WHO standards Implementation in Oromia Region, Ethiopia WIth Pablo Horstmann Foundation and Alegria Sin Fronteras
In 2011 to reduce neonatal mortality government of India launched Home based new born care program based on Gadchirolli model of SEARCH. This presentation will tell about how the program is enrolling in our country.
Poshan Abhiyaan is a programme started by Indian government to eradicate malnutrition. It is started in 2018 on 8th of March on the occasion of International Womens Day.
The consumption of junk food and prevalence of childhood obesity is facing an all-time high in India and worldwide. Lets discuss what parents and teachers can do about this serious problem.
Agenda
The magnitude of the problem.
Risk factors of growth failure in infants and children.
Effect of good nutrition on growth.
The proper time for an intervention.
What are the management goals?
Important nutrients for optimal growth: Arginine & Vitamin K2.
Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
Childhood obesity, a very complex health issue that becomes a growing problem in the U.S. In fact, “over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese.” (Child obesity, n.d.). Physical diseases and conditions are often accompanying obesity. Also, obesity may have an adverse effect on various systems in a child’s body, such as heart, lungs, muscles and bones, kidneys, digestive tract, and hormones that control blood sugar and puberty. Furthermore, it can take a toll on social life because obese kids and teenagers are more likely to have low self-esteem. “Childhood obesity is one of the most serious threats to the health of our nation.” (Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity, n.d.). Children and youth who are obese and overweight will likely remain overweight or obese into adulthood.
References
Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/content/rwjf/en/how-we-work/grants-explorer/featured-programs/healthy-eating-research.html
Childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/global-obesity-trends-in-children/
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
Patterns and trends in child obesity in yorkshire and the humberPublic Health England
The data in this slide pack is from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in Reception (aged 4 to 5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) in England. Although the NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year groups.
These PowerPoint slides present key data and information on adult obesity in clear, easy to understand charts and graphics. They have been produced by the Obesity Risk Factors Intelligence team in the Health Improvement Directorate and can be used freely with acknowledgement to ‘Public Health England’.
These slides should be useful to practitioners and policy makers working to tackle adult obesity at local, regional and national level. For example they are regularly used to make the case for tackling obesity in presentations to health and wellbeing boards, other committees and to elected members as well as in regional and national conference and workshop presentations.
29 November Launch of the Global Nutrition Report 2018
The 2018 Global Nutrition Report shares insights into the current state of global nutrition, highlighting the unacceptably high burden of malnutrition in the world. It identifies areas where progress has been made in recent years but argues that it is too slow and too inconsistent. It puts forward five critical steps that are needed to speed up progress to end malnutrition in all its forms and argues that, if we act now, it is not too late to achieve this goal. In fact, we have an unprecedented opportunity to do so.
The PowerPoint presentation that Dr. Andrew Varney, a general internist at SIU School of Medicine, will use at Thursday night's SIU Men's Night Out event.
Similar to Patterns and trends inchild obesity (June 2017) (20)
The Autism local self-assessment is a periodic exercise in which local autism strategy groups are asked to review their progress in implementing the government’s Autism Strategy in partnership with local residents with autism and their family carers. The sets of PowerPoint slides in this package, one for each of the former Government Office Regions in England, display the responses of the local authorities within the region to the questions in the Self-Assessment.
PowerPoint slides, one for each of the former Government Office Regions in England, display the responses of the local authorities within the region to the questions in the Self-Assessment. They are intended primarily to support local discussions.
PowerPoint slides, one for each of the former Government Office Regions in England, display the responses of the local authorities within the region to the questions in the Self-Assessment. They are intended primarily to support local discussions.
PowerPoint slides, one for each of the former Government Office Regions in England, display the responses of the local authorities within the region to the questions in the Self-Assessment. They are intended primarily to support local discussions.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Patterns and trends inchild obesity (June 2017)
1. Patterns and trends in
child obesity
A presentation of the latest data on child obesity
Updated June 2017
2. Prevalence of excess weight among children
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
2 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child overweight (including obesity)/ excess weight: BMI ≥ 85th centile of the UK90 growth reference
One in five children in Reception is overweight or obese (boys 22.7%, girls 21.5%)
One in three children in Year 6 is overweight or obese (boys 36.0%, girls 32.3%)
3. Prevalence of obesity among children
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
3 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
Around one in ten children in Reception is obese (boys 9.6%, girls 9.0%)
Around one in five children in Year 6 is obese (boys 21.7%, girls 17.9%)
4. BMI status of children by age
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
4 Patterns and trends in child obesity
This analysis uses the 2nd, 85th and 95th centiles of the British 1990 growth reference (UK90) for BMI to classify children as underweight,
healthy weight, overweight or obese. These thresholds are the most frequently used for population monitoring within England.
Underweight
1.0%
Healthy weight
76.9%
Overweight
12.8%
Obese
9.3%
Reception
(aged 4-5 years)
Underweight
1.3%
Healthy weight
64.5%
Overweight
14.3%
Obese
19.8%
Year 6
(aged 10-11 years)
5. 5 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Prevalence of overweight and obesity
Childrenaged2-10and11-15years;HealthSurveyforEngland2013-2015
Child overweight BMI between ≥ 85th centile and <95th centile, child obesity BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
13.8% 14.6% 13.0%
16.7%
14.6%
20.0%
12.5%
17.6%
28.4%
34.6%
25.5%
34.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2-10 11-15 2-10 11-15
Boys Girls
Obese
Overweight
6. Trend in the prevalence of obesity
Childrenaged2-10and11-15years;HealthSurveyforEngland1995-2015
6 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference. 95% confidence intervals are displayed on the chart
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Prevalenceofobesity
11-15
2-10
7. Trend in the prevalence of excess weight
Childrenaged2-10and11-15years;HealthSurveyforEngland1995-2015
7 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child excess weight: BMI ≥ 85th centile of the UK90 growth reference. 95% confidence intervals are displayed on the chart
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Prevalenceofexcessweight
11-15
2-10
8. Trend in the prevalence of obesity and
excess weight
Childrenaged2-15years; HealthSurveyforEngland1995-2015
8 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child excess weight BMI ≥ 85th centile, child obesity BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference. 95% confidence intervals are displayed on the chart
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Excess weight
Obesity
9. 9 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
Prevalence of obesity by age and sex
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
Obesityprevalence
Year 6 boys
Year 6 girls
Reception boys
Reception girls
10. 10 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
95% confidence intervals are displayed on the chart
Prevalence of obesity by sex: Reception
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
10.7%
9.1%
10.4%
8.8%
10.3%
8.9%
10.5%
9.2%
10.1%
8.8%
9.9%
9.0%
9.7%
8.8%
9.9%
9.0%
9.5%
8.7%
9.6%
9.0%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
Reception boys Reception girls
Obesityprevalence
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
11. 11 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
95% confidence intervals are displayed on the chart
Prevalence of obesity by sex: Year 6
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
19.0%
15.8%
20.0%
16.6%
20.0%
16.5%
20.4%
17.0%
20.6%
17.4%
20.7%
17.7%
20.4%
17.4%
20.8%
17.3%
20.7%
17.4%
21.7%
17.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Year 6 boys Year 6 girls
Obesityprevalence
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
12. 12 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child excess weight: BMI ≥ 85th centile of the UK90 growth reference
Prevalence of excess weight by age and sex
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
Excessweightprevalence
Year 6 boys
Year 6 girls
Reception boys
Reception girls
13. 13 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child excess weight: BMI ≥ 85th centile of the UK90 growth reference
95% confidence intervals are displayed on the chart
Prevalence of excess weight by sex: Reception
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
24.3%
21.5%
24.0%
21.1%
24.0%
21.5%
24.3%
21.8%
23.9%
21.3%
23.5%
21.6%
23.2%
21.2%
23.4%
21.6%
22.6%
21.2%
22.7%
21.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Reception boys Reception girls
Excessweightprevalence
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
14. 14 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child excess weight: BMI ≥ 85th centile of the UK90 growth reference
95% confidence intervals are displayed on the chart
Prevalence of excess weight by sex: Year 6
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
33.2%
30.0%
34.3%
30.7%
34.5%
30.7%
35.0%
31.6%
34.9%
31.8%
35.4%
32.4%
34.8%
31.8%
35.2%
31.7%
34.9%
31.5%
36.0%
32.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Year 6 boys Year 6 girls
Excessweightprevalence
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
15. BMI distribution: Reception children
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
15 Patterns and trends in child obesity
BMI z score
Girls
Boys
1990 baseline
2nd centile
85th centile
91st centile
95th centile
98th centile
16. BMI distribution: Year 6 children
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
16 Patterns and trends in child obesity
BMI z score
Girls
Boys
1990 baseline
2nd centile
85th centile
91st centile
95th centile
98th centile
17. Obesity prevalence and deprivation
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16–Year6children
17 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Local authorities in England
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
y = 0.0037x + 0.1129
R² = 0.6346
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Obesityprevalence
Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 score
(High score = more deprived)
18. Obesity prevalence by deprivation decile
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
18 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
26.0%
24.9%
23.7%
21.9%
19.9%
18.1%
17.0%
15.6%
14.0%
11.7%
12.5%
11.7%
10.9%
9.8% 9.2%
8.4%
7.7% 7.1% 6.8%
5.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Most
deprived
Least
deprived
Obesityprevalence
Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 decile
Year 6
Reception
19. 19 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
Obesity prevalence by deprivation decile:
Reception
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Most
deprived
Least
deprived
Obesityprevalence
Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2010) decile
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
20. Obesity prevalence by deprivation decile:
Year 6
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2006/07to2015/16
20 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Most
deprived
Least
deprived
Obesityprevalence
Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2010) decile
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
21. Obesity prevalence by household income
HealthSurveyforEngland2015
21 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
18.0%
16.0%
12.8%
9.2% 9.2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Lowest Highest
Obesityprevalence
Equivalised household income quintile
23. Obesity prevalence by ethnic group: Year 6
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
23 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
19%
25%
23%
26%
29%
33%
28% 28%
29%
26%
28%
16%
18%
21%
17%
22% 22%
18%
31%
29%
26%
20%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
WhiteBritish
Whiteother
Mixed
Indian
Pakistani
Bangladeshi
Asianother
BlackCaribbean
BlackAfrican
Blackother
Anyotherethnicgroup
WhiteBritish
Whiteother
Mixed
Indian
Pakistani
Bangladeshi
Asianother
BlackCaribbean
BlackAfrican
Blackother
Anyotherethnicgroup
Boys Girls
Obesityprevalence
24. Obesity prevalence by ethnic group
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
24 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
Children in Reception (aged 4-5 years) Children in Year 6 (aged 10-11 years)
9.3%
11.2%
7.3%
14.1%
16.6%
12.1%
9.7%
11.6%
10.4%
7.3%
9.3%
6.8%
13.3%
11.3%
8.6%
9.1%
8.8%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Not stated
Any other ethnic group
Chinese
Black other
Black African
Black Caribbean
Asian other
Bangladeshi
Pakistani
Indian
Mixed other
Mixed: White and Asian
Mixed: White and Black African
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
White other
White Irish
White British
Obesity prevalence
20.0%
25.6%
17.2%
26.0%
29.4%
29.3%
23.0%
27.4%
25.7%
21.5%
21.5%
18.4%
24.7%
25.1%
21.5%
17.8%
17.9%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Not stated
Any other ethnic group
Chinese
Black other
Black African
Black Caribbean
Asian other
Bangladeshi
Pakistani
Indian
Mixed other
Mixed: White and Asian
Mixed: White and Black African
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
White other
White Irish
White British
Obesity prevalence
25. Obesity prevalence by region: Reception
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
25 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
9.3%
10.7%
10.4% 10.2%
9.8%
9.4% 9.1%
8.5% 8.3% 8.1%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
ENGLAND North East West
Midlands
London North West Yorkshire
and The
Humber
East
Midlands
South West East of
England
South East
Obesityprevalence
26. Obesity prevalence by region: Year 6
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme2015/16
26 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
19.8%
23.2%
22.4% 22.1%
20.6% 20.3%
19.0%
17.6% 17.1%
16.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
ENGLAND London North East West
Midlands
North West Yorkshire
and The
Humber
East
Midlands
East of
England
South West South East
Obesityprevalence
27. Trend in obesity prevalence by region: Reception
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme
27 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
ENGLAND North East West
Midlands
London North West Yorkshire and
The Humber
East Midlands South West East of
England
South East
Obesityprevalence
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
28. Trend in obesity prevalence by region: Year 6
NationalChildMeasurementProgramme
28 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
ENGLAND London North East West
Midlands
North West Yorkshire and
The Humber
East
Midlands
East of
England
South East South West
Obesityprevalence
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
29. 29 Patterns and trends in child obesity
http://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/national-child-measurement-programmeScreenshot of webpage
30. 30 Patterns and trends in child obesity
http://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/national-child-measurement-programmeScreenshot of webpage
31. Data sources
Health Survey for England (HSE)
http://content.digital.nhs.uk/healthsurveyengland
The HSE is a cross-sectional survey which samples a representative proportion of the
population. The next report on the HSE 2016 is due to be published online in December
2017. The data should be available from the UK Data Archive in the spring following
publication of the report.
National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP)
http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The NCMP is an annual programme that measures the height and weight of children in
Reception (aged 4-5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10-11 years) in England. Although the
NCMP only covers certain age groups, it includes the majority of children in those year
groups. The participation rate in 2015/16 was 94.8%. NHS Digital will report NCMP data
for the 2015/16 school year in November 2017.
31 Patterns and trends in child obesity
32. For more information:
32 Patterns and trends in child obesity
Email: ncmp@phe.gov.uk
Twitter: @PHE_Obesity
These PowerPoint slides present key data and information on child obesity and excess weight in clear, easy to understand charts and graphics. They have been produced by the Obesity Risk Factors Intelligence team in the Chief Knowledge Officer’s Directorate and can be used freely with acknowledgement to ‘Public Health England’.
These slides should be useful to practitioners and policy makers working to tackle child obesity at local, regional and national level. For example they are regularly used to make the case for tackling obesity in presentations to health and wellbeing boards, other committees and to elected members as well as in regional and national conference and workshop presentations.
The National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) measures the height and weight of over one million children (aged 4-5 and 10-11 years) each year in primary schools in England.
Reception age 4-5 years. Year 6 age 10-11 years.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Reception age 4-5 years. Year 6 age 10-11 years.
The actions in the government’s ‘Childhood obesity: a plan for action’ (2016) aim to significantly reduce England’s rate of childhood obesity within the next ten years. See
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/childhood-obesity-a-plan-for-action
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The Health Survey for England is an annual survey that measures the height and weight of a sample of the UK population aged 2-15 years. Child measurements are available from 1995.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity increases with age among girls and boys.
Health Survey for England (HSE) figures show that the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2–10 years (averaged over the latest three years, 2013-2015) is 13.6%; the prevalence of overweight including obesity is 27.0%. The prevalence of obesity in 11–15 year olds from the latest three years of HSE data is 18.8% and the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 34.4%.
The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:
http://digital.nhs.uk/pubs/hse2015
The pattern of increase in obesity between 1995 and 2004 and 2005 was similar among both younger and older children (aged 2-10 and 11-15 respectively). Since then, the proportions of older children who are obese have remained broadly steady. Among younger children, there was a slight dip in the proportion who were obese in 2012, but this was not sustained. There was a further small decrease for both younger and older children in 2015 but this is not statistically significant. It is important to exercise caution in interpreting these data due to the relatively small sample sizes.
The actions in the government’s ‘Childhood obesity: a plan for action’ (2016) aim to significantly reduce England’s rate of childhood obesity within the next ten years. See
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/childhood-obesity-a-plan-for-action
The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:
http://digital.nhs.uk/pubs/hse2015trend
The prevalence of child excess weight (overweight including obesity) increased between 1995 and 2004. Since then, there is some evidence of a levelling of child excess weight prevalence for 2-10 and 11-15 year-olds. Among younger children, there was a slight dip in the proportion who were obese in 2012, but this was not sustained. There was a further small decrease for both younger and older children in 2015 but this is not statistically significant. It is important to exercise caution in interpreting these data due to the relatively small sample sizes.
The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:
http://digital.nhs.uk/pubs/hse2015trend
The prevalence of child excess weight and child obesity increased between 1995 and 2004. Since 2004 there is some evidence of a levelling of both child obesity and excess weight prevalence for 2-15 year-olds. It is important to exercise caution in interpreting this data due to the relatively small sample sizes.
The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:
http://digital.nhs.uk/pubs/hse2015trend
Analysis of trend using NCMP data from 2006/07 to 2015/16 shows a downward trend in obesity prevalence among boys in Reception (4-5 year-olds) while the trend among girls of this age appears to be relatively stable over time. Obesity prevalence among boys and girls in Year 6 (10-11 year-olds) shows an upward trend, with a higher average increase in Year 6 girls than boys.
Public Health England publishes a report annually which examines trends in underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence among children using data from the National Child Measurement Programme http://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP/National_report.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
.
Analysis of trend using NCMP data from 2006/07 to 2015/16 shows a downward trend in obesity prevalence among boys in Reception (4-5 year-olds) while the trend among girls of this age appears to be relatively stable over time.
Public Health England publishes a report annually which examines trends in underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence among children using data from the National Child Measurement Programme http://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP/National_report.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp.
Analysis of trend using NCMP data from 2006/07 to 2015/16 shows an upward trend in obesity prevalence among boys and girls in Year 6 (10-11 year-olds), with a higher average increase in Year 6 girls than boys.
Public Health England publishes a report annually which examines trends in underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence among children using data from the National Child Measurement Programme http://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP/National_report.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Analysis of trends using NCMP data from 2006/07 to 2015/16 shows a downward trend in excess weight (overweight including obesity) prevalence among boys in Reception (4-5 year-olds), while the trend among girls of this age appears to be relatively stable over time. Excess weight prevalence among boys and girls in Year 6 (10-11 year-olds) shows an upward trend, with a higher average increase in Year 6 girls than boys.
Public Health England publishes a report annually which examines trends in underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence among children using data from the National Child Measurement Programme http://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP/National_report.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Prevalence of excess weight using NCMP data is being monitored by local authorities as part of the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF)
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-health-outcomes-framework-2016-to-2019
http://www.phoutcomes.info/
Analysis of trends using NCMP data from 2006/07 to 2015/16 shows a downward trend in excess weight (overweight including obesity) prevalence among boys in Reception (4-5 year-olds), while the trend among girls of this age appears to be relatively stable over time.
Public Health England publishes a report annually which examines trends in underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence among children using data from the National Child Measurement Programme http://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP/National_report.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Prevalence of excess weight using NCMP data is being monitored by local authorities as part of the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF)
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-health-outcomes-framework-2016-to-2019
http://www.phoutcomes.info/
Analysis of trends using NCMP data from 2006/07 to 2015/16 shows an upward trend in excess weight (overweight including obesity) prevalence among boys and girls in Year 6 (10-11 year-olds), with a higher average increase in Year 6 girls than boys.
Public Health England publishes a report annually which examines trends in underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence among children using data from the National Child Measurement Programme http://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP/National_report.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Prevalence of excess weight using NCMP data is being monitored by local authorities as part of the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF)
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-health-outcomes-framework-2016-to-2019
http://www.phoutcomes.info/
This chart shows the distribution of BMI z score for boys and girls in Reception year compared to the British 1990 (UK90) growth reference baseline. BMI z score is a standard deviation score which adjusts BMI for age and sex of children based on the UK90 growth reference. The centiles for population monitoring (85th and 95th) and clinical (91st and 98th) definition for overweight and obesity are marked as vertical lines on the chart. BMI below the 2nd centile is commonly used for underweight classification for both clinical and population monitoring.
For both boys and girls the whole curve has shifted slightly to the right since 1990, however the shape of the distribution is very similar. This shows that the rise in BMI since 1990 is spread across the whole population, meaning that on average all Reception aged children are slightly heavier.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
This chart shows the distribution of BMI z score for boys and girls in Year 6 compared to the British 1990 (UK90) growth reference baseline. BMI z score is a standard deviation score which adjusts BMI for age and sex of children based on the UK90 growth reference. The centiles for population monitoring (85th and 95th) and clinical (91st and 98th) definition for overweight and obesity are marked as vertical lines on the chart. BMI below the 2nd centile is commonly used for underweight classification for both clinical and population monitoring.
The shape of the distribution has changed considerably since the 1990 baseline. The curve is now more skewed, with a higher proportion of children in Year 6 at the right hand side of the chart with higher BMI values, above the 85th centile (classed as overweight or obese).
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Child obesity prevalence is strongly correlated with socioeconomic status and is highest among children living in the most deprived local authorities.
This slide shows the pattern for children in Year 6, but a very similar pattern is seen in the Reception year.
The data represents the local authority of residence for the children measured.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Child obesity prevalence is closely associated with socioeconomic status. More deprived populations tend to have higher obesity prevalence.
Obesity prevalence in the most deprived 10% of areas in England is more than twice the prevalence in the least deprived 10%.
The deprivation deciles in this analysis have been assigned using the lower super output area (LSOA) of residence of children measured.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The inequalities gap in child obesity is widening. Prevalence of obesity is decreasing at the fastest rate among the least deprived children in Reception year (age 4-5 years) and among the most deprived children shows only potential signs of stabilisation.
The deprivation deciles in this analysis have been assigned using the lower super output area (LSOA) of residence of children measured.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The inequalities gap in child obesity is widening. Prevalence of obesity shows a pattern of increase over time among the most deprived Year 6 children (age 10-11 years) whereas prevalence has remained relatively stable or is decreasing among the least deprived children.
The deprivation deciles in this analysis have been assigned using the lower super output area (LSOA) of residence of children measured.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The Health Survey for England (HSE) collects information on household income, adjusted to take into account the number of people living in the household (equivalised household income). This can be used as a measure of socioeconomic status. This chart illustrates the prevalence of obesity among children split into five equal-sized groups (quintiles) by household income level.
This chart shows a general trend of decreasing obesity prevalence with increasing household income.
The published Health Survey for England data used to produce this chart are available from:
http://digital.nhs.uk/pubs/hse2015
Reception aged children from the Indian ethnic groups have similar or lower prevalence of obesity to White ethnic groups. Obesity prevalence among boys in Reception is highest in the Black African, Black other, and Bangladeshi groups. For girls in Reception obesity prevalence is highest among those from Black African, Black Caribbean and Black other ethnic groups. This pattern is consistent with data from previous years.
Some of these differences may be due to the influence of other factors such as area deprivation.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Boys in Year 6 from all minority ethnic groups are more likely to be obese than White British boys, with boys of Bangladeshi ethnicity having the highest prevalence. For girls in Year 6, obesity prevalence is highest for children from Black Caribbean, Black African and Black other ethnic groups. This pattern is consistent with data from previous years.
Some of these differences may be due to the influence of other factors such as area deprivation.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Obesity prevalence in Reception aged children is highest among children from Black African, Black other, and Mixed White and Black African ethnic groups.
Children in Year 6 from most minority ethnic groups (with the possible exceptions of Chinese and White Irish) are more likely to be obese than White British children.
The ‘Not stated’ category includes records that have no ethnic group given (where ethnic coding is blank).
Some of these differences may be due to the influence of other factors such as area deprivation.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The prevalence of obesity among children in Reception (age 4-5 years) varies by region across England. In 2015/16 obesity prevalence was highest in the North East and lowest in the South East.
In this analysis postcode of school has been used to calculate regional data.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The prevalence of obesity among children in Year 6 (age 10-11 years) varies by region in England. In 2015/16 obesity prevalence was highest in London and lowest in the South East.
In this analysis postcode of school has been used to calculate regional data.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
The prevalence of obesity among children in Reception (age 4-5 years) varies by region across England.
In this analysis postcode of school has been used to calculate regional data.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Prevalence of obesity among children in Year 6 (age 10-11 years) varies by region across England.
In this analysis postcode of school has been used to calculate regional data.
National Child Measurement Programme data source: NHS Digital http://content.digital.nhs.uk/ncmp
Local authority level data from the National Child Measurement Programme is available in an online tool. Users can examine data on prevalence of underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. Data can be compared between local authorities and over time for individual local authorities. The tool also includes inequalities data (sex, deprivation, ethnic group) for child obesity by local authority.
http://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/national-child-measurement-programme
Local authority level data from the National Child Measurement Programme is available in an online tool. Users can examine data on prevalence of underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. Data can be compared between local authorities and over time for individual local authorities. The tool also includes inequalities data (sex, deprivation, ethnic group) for child obesity by local authority.
http://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/national-child-measurement-programme