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Patent Filing
Dr.Gurumeet c wadhawa
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College,
Vashi
INVENTION
Invention is a successful technical
solution to a technical problem.
To be granted a Patent,
An invention must be
new,
non-obvious and
capable of
industrial application
2
Different Ways Of Dealing With An
Invention:
3
•Make it public for free use by
public (like publishing in the
journal) Or
•Work the invention in SECRECY
without PATENTING it (like coco-
cola composition)
Or
•Work the invention OPENLY
without PATENTING it (directly put
it in the market)
Or
•EXPLOIT the invention on the
basis of a PATENT (like Rank Xerox
)
CD PLAYER
4
Industrial design protection
for 3D shape
Brand name- registered
under trademark
Music played on the
CD player is protected
by copyright
Various
technical parts
& mechanisms
are subject
mater of
protection
under Patents
4
5
FOR MOST PRODUCTS EVERY FORM OF
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS CAN BE OBTAINED
CAMERA
“PATENT”  For every individual improved mechanism
“DESIGN”  For outer shape & Contour / Configuration
“TRADE MARK” Brand name or Logo for goods denoted as ®
“Copy right” For Instruction / manual booklet denoted as ©
5
6
A patent is a Monopoly Right granted
•For an invention
•By the government
•To the inventor or his assignee
•For a limited period
•It is valid within the country of
grant
What Does Patent System Do ?
7
Patents for progress
It encourages RESEARCH.
Induces an inventor to disclose his
inventions
instead of keeping them as secret.
Provides inducement for capital
investment
encouraging technological
Advantages Of A Patent To The
Public
8
•Knowledge of invention
adds to scientific
background forming
base for future research
•Reasonable assurance
for
commercialization
•Patent- open tp public
for use
•After its term expires
or
•When it ceases to be in
Patents Not Only For Major
Technological Breakthrough..such as
•LAZLO biro’s - ball point pen
•Ring – pull for cans of
beverages
# But even for any small ‘
incremental ’
inventions.
•Individuals or Companies-
normally do not clearly
recognize the “TRUE MARKET
VALUE” for a particular
invention.
9
Why do You need “Patent Information”?
•Size of the resource-enormous and wide-
Every area of technology is covered.
•80% Not published elsewhere
•FIRST PUBLICATION: Inventions disclosed
in patents well before being published in any
other type of document
Invention Patent published First
publication in any form
Punched card 1889
1914
Television 1923
1928
Jet engine 1936
1946 10
Patent Record Holders
Edison (Born 1847)
credited for phonograph, the kinetoscope,
the dictaphone, radio, the electric lamp, the
autographic printer, the tattoo machine,
carbon microphone. Most of these
inventions were improvements of earlier
inventions. He holds 2,332 patents, including
1084 utility patents (patents for inventions)
and 9 artistic design patents.
Hunpei Yamazaki (Born 1942)
a Japanese inventor in the field of computer
12
Silverbrook (Born 1958)
an Australian inventor, scientist, 9,797 patents
on
digital music synthesis, digital video, digital
printing, digital paper, internet commerce,
computer graphics, liquid crystal
displays, robotics, 3D fabrication, organic
chemistry, DNA analysis, lab-on-a-chip, solar
photovoltaics, software, image processing,
Microelectromechanical
systems, mechanicalengineering, cryptography,
sensors, nanotechnology, microfluidics, polyme
rs, fault tolerance, parallel
processing, semiconductor fabrication,
13
14
15
16
17
Protection Of Intellectual Property In
India
(Patents, Designs, Trade Marks & Copyrights)
18
Sr.JOINT
CONTROLLER
OF PATENTS
AND DESIGNS
JOINT
REGISTAR OF
TRADEMARK
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE
AND INDUSTRY
MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURSE
DEVELOPMENT
DEPT. OF INDUSTRIAL
POLICY & PROMOTION
DEPT. OF EDUCATION
CONTROLLER GENERAL OF
PATENTS, DESIGNS & TRADE MARKS
PATENT
OFFICE
TRADE MARKS
REGISTRY
COPYRIGHT OFFICE
REGISTAR OF
COPYRIGHT
GIR
19
PATENT OFFICE
(HEAD OFFICE
CALCUTTA)
PATENT
OFFICE
(MUMBAI)
PATENT
OFFICE
(CHENNAI )
PATENT
OFFICE
(NEW
DELHI)
JURISDICTION
WEST ZONE
JURISDICTION
SOUTH ZONE
JURISDICTIO
N
NORTH ZONE
Patent offices in India
20
•Criteria for Patentability
–New & useful
–Non-obvious
–Capable of Industrial
Applications
•Patents Act specifies
–What are not
inventions?
–What are not
patentable inventions?
•How to get that monopoly
right?
Law of Patents
21
22
Patent Grant Procedure
1) Filing of Patent
application
2) Examination and
Novelty search
3) Acceptance or refusal
4) Notification of
“acceptance” in
gazette of India
5) Opposition ( If any)
22
23
Contents of Patent Application (To be
submitted in duplicate)
1. Application for grant of patent in Form-1.
2. Provisional / complete specification in Form-2.
3. Statement and undertaking under Section 8 in
Form-3, if
applicable. (An applicant must file Form 3
either along with the
application or within 6 months from the date of
Application)
4. Declaration as to inventorship in Form 5
5. Power of authority in Form-26 ( if filed through
a Patent Agent. )
6. Abstract
24
10) Signature of the applicant or authorized person /
Patent Agent along with name and date .
11) The Specification and drawings shall be signed by
the agent/applicant with date.
For biological patents
1) For biological material obtained from India, the
applicant is required to submit the permission from the
National Biodiversity Authority any time before the grant
of the patent.
2) Indicate clearly the source of geographical origin of
any biological material used in the Specification.
25
26
E-filing:
1. Facility to file a Patent Application online from the
native place of the agent.
2. Applicant / agent must have a digital signature. For the
first time, applicant /
agent has to register as a new user and has to create
login ID and
password on the Patent office portal.
(http://www.ipindia.nic.in).
3. A preliminary Software (Client Software) has to be
installed on the host computer and all the relevant in soft
copy have to be uploaded.
27
Language
Documents shall be written or typewritten or printed either
in Hindi or in English language and legible characters with
deep indelible ink with lines widely spaced upon.
Paper size
One side of strong white paper of a size A4 with a margin
of at least 4 centimeters on the top and left hand part and 3
centimeters on the bottom and right hand part thereof.
Lines spacing of 1 .5 or double space in non-script type
font preferably in a font size of 12.
Signature
Any signature which is not legible or which is written in a
script other than Hindi or English shall be accompanied by
a transcription of the name either in Hindi or in English in
28
34
Title of Patent
The title should be sufficiently indicative of the subject
matter of the
invention and shall disclose the specific features of the
invention.
It shall be brief, free from fancy expressions or
ambiguity and as precise and definite as possible, and
should not ordinarily exceed fifteen words.
The following are not permissible in the title:
Inventor’s name,
the word ‘Patent’,
words in other languages,
The abbreviation “etc”,
fancy words e.g. “Washwell Soap”, “Universal Rest
Easy Patent Chair”.
35
FORM 1
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
APPLICATION FOR GRANT OF PATENT
(See section 7,54 & 135 and rule 20 (1))
(FOR OFFICE USE ONLY)
Application No.:
Filing Date:
Amount of Fee Paid:
CBR No.:
Signature:
1. APPLICANT
Name Nationality Address
Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory,
Department of Physics, Kolhapur
416 004
2. Inventors
Name Nationality Address
Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory,
Department of Physics, Kolhapur
416 004
Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory,
Department of Physics, Kolhapur
416 004
Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory,
Department of
Physics,Kolhapur416 004
35
36
36
3. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
“Supercapacitor based on chemically deposited polyaniline thin films”
4. ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE
OF APPLICANT / AUTHORIZED PATENT
AGENT IN
Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande
Thin Film Physics Laboratory,
Department of Physics, Kolhapur416 004
Telephone No. : 0231-2609225
Fax No. : 0231-2609233
Mobile No.: +91 9765788816
E-mail : l_chandrakant@yahoo.com
5. PRIORITY PARTICULARS OF THE APPLICATION (S) FILED IN CONVENTION COUNTRY
Country Application
Number
Filing Date Name of the Applicant
Title of the Invention
NA NA NA NA
NA
6. PARTICULARS FOR FILING PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) NATIONAL PHASE
APPLICATION
International application number NA
7. PARTICULARS FOR FILING DIVISIONAL APPLICATION
Original (First) Application Number Date of Filing of Original (First) Application
NA NA
8. PARTICULARS FOR FILING PATENT OF ADDITION
Main Application/Patent Number Date of Filling of Main Application
NA NA
9. DECLARATIONS :
(i) Declaration by the Inventors
We, the above named inventors are the true & first inventors for this invention and declare that the
applicants herein are our assignee or legal representative.
(a) Date 27th August 2009
(b) Signatures: 1) 2) 3)
(c) Names 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande
2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale
3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal
(ii) Declaration by the applicant s in the convention country
We, the applicants in the convention country declare that the applicant(s) herein is our assignee
(a) Date 27th August 2009
(b) Signatures: 1) 2) 3)
(c) Names of the signatory 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande
2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale
3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal
37
(iii) Declaration by the applicants:
We, the applicants hereby declares that:
o We are in possession of the above-mentioned invention.
o The provisional/complete specification relating to the
invention is filed with this application.
o The invention as disclosed in the specification uses the
biological material from and the necessary permission from
the competent authority shall be submitted by me/us before
the grant of patent to us.
o There is no lawful ground of objection to the grant of the
Patent to us.
o We are the assignee or legal representative of true & first
inventors.
o The application or each of the applications, particulars of
which are given in – 5 was first application in convention
country/countries in respect of our invention.
o We claim the priority from the above mentioned
applications filed in convention country/countries and state
38
39
Following are the attachments with the application:
a) Complete specification.
b) Complete specification (in conformation with the international application) / as
amended before the International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA), as
applicable (2 copies). No. of pages 10 No. of claims 8.
c) Drawings (in conformation with the international application) / as amended
before the International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA), as applicable
(2 copies). No. of sheets 3
d) Priority
e) Translation of priority / specification/ International Search Report
f) Statement and undertaking on Form 3
g) Declaration of inventorship on Form 5
h) Sequence listing in electronic form (floppy disc)
Fee Rs. 1000/- in Cheque/Bank Draft bearing no. 271430
Date 27/8/2009 On UCO Bank.
We hereby declare that to the best of our knowledge, information and belief the fact and
matters stated herein are correct and We request that a patent may be granted to me/us
for the said invention.
Dated this 27th day of August 2009.
Signatures: 1) 2) 3)
Name : 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande
2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale
3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal
To,
40
Complete Specification
Every complete specification shall:
a) fully and particularly describe the invention and its
operation or use and the method by which it is
performed;
b) disclose the best method of performing the
invention which
is known to the applicant for which he is entitled to
claim protection;
c) end with a claim or set of claims defining the scope
of the
invention for which the protection is claimed;
d) make reference to deposit of the biological material
in the
41
Title
Field of the Invention and use
of Invention
Prior Art and problem to be
solved
Objects of the Invention
Summary of the Invention
Detailed Description of the
Invention
Best method
Drawings
Claims
Abstract
Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande, Mr. Dattatray
Sadashiv Dhawale and
Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal
Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Shivaji University,
Kolhapur - 416 004 (M.S.), India.
Abstract
In present investigation, we have prepared
nanocrystalline and porous polyaniline thin films by facile
chemical bath deposition (CBD) method from the acidic
bath at room temperature. These films were used for
supercapacitor application. The electrochemical properties
of polyaniline thin film was tested in H2SO4 electrolyte
using cyclic voltametry (CV) technique. Polyaniline thin
film showed 90% stability for 10,000 cycles in 1 M H2SO4
electrolyte. The maximum value of specific capacitance
obtained was 826 Fg-1. 42
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
“Supercapacitor based on chemically deposited polyaniline thin films”
2. APPLICANT(S)
a) NAME: 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande, 2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv
Dhawale and 3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal
b) NATIONALITY: All are Indians
c) ADDRESS: Thin Film Physics Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
, Kolhapur
- 416 004 (M.S.)
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in
which it is to be performed
FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
PROVISIONAL / COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
43
1. K. Rajendra Prasad, N. Munichandraiah, “Fabrication and evaluation of 450 F electrochemical redox
supercapacitors using inexpensive and high performance, polyaniline coated stainless steel electrodes”, Journal of
Power Sources 112 (2002) 443.
2. H. Aghlara, “Capacitors based on conducting polyaniline films”, Chinese Journal of Physics 41 (2003) 2.
3. W. C. Chen, T. C. Wen, H. Teng, “Polyaniline deposited porous carbon electrode for supercapacitors”, Electrochim
Acta 48 (2003) 641.
4. V. Gupta, N. Miura, “Electrochemically deposited polyaniline nanowire’s network A high-performance electrode
material for redox supercapacitor”, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters,8 (2005) A630.
5. M. Deng, B. Yang, Y. Hu, “Polyaniline deposition to enhance the specific capacitance of carbon nanotubes for
supercapacitors”, Journal of Material science 40 (2005) 5021.
6. V. Gupta, N. Miura, “Large-area network of polyaniline nanowires prepared by potentiostatic deposition process”,
Electrochemistry Communications 7 (2005) 995.
The following specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of the present invention
and the manner in which it is to be performed.
Papers Related to Polyaniline Thin Films as Supercapacitor
44
45
7. V. Gupta, N. Miura, “High performance electrochemical supercapacitor from electrochemically
synthesized nanostructured polyaniline”, Materials Letters 60 (2006) 1466.
8. T. C. Girija, M. V. Sangaranarayanan, “Analysis of polyaniline-based nickel electrodes for
electrochemical supercapacitors”, Journal of Power Sources 156 (2006) 705.
9. T. C. Girija, M. V. Sangaranarayanan, “Investigation of polyaniline-coated stainless steel electrodes for
electrochemical supercapacitors”, Synthetic Metals 156 (2006) 244.
10. H. Mi, X. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ye, J. Luo, “Polyaniline nanofibers as the electrode material for
supercapacitors”, Materials Chemistry and Physics 112 (2008) 127.
11. G. Y. Zhao, H. L. Li, “Preparation of polyaniline nanowire arrayed electrodes for
electrochemical supercapacitors”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 110 (2008) 590.
46
No. Patent No. Month and Year Inventors Classificatio
n
1. 5023149 03 June 1988 Macdiarmid, Alan G. et
al.
429/27
2. 4940640 06 September
1988
Macdiarmid, Alan G. et
al.
429/213
3. 6402992 11 June 2002 Kumar, Konda Kannan
et al.
252/500
4. 20021014128 22 August 2002 Ryu, Kwang-sun et al. 361/508
5. 20030176631 13 March 2002 Palaniappan, Srinivasan
et al.
528/422
6. 20030035982 20 February 2003 Ryu, Kwang-sun et al. 429/7
7. 20040057191 25 March 2004 Timonov, Alexander et al. 361/302
USA Patents
• as semiconductor, insulator or metals can be used.
• It is low temperature process which avoids oxidation /corrosion of metallic
substrates.
• Unlike in electrodeposition, electrical conductivity of substrate is not a necessary
requirement in chemical bath
deposition.
Depending upon deposition condition, film growth can takes place by ion-by-ion
condensation of the material on
the substrate or by the adsorption of colloidal particles from the solution onto the
substrate.
Chemical bath deposition results in pinhole free and uniform deposits as the
solution from which these are
deposited always remain in touch with substrate. Stoichiometric deposits are
easily obtained since the basic
building blocks are ions instead of atoms. The preparative parameters are easily
controllable to obtain good quality,
well adherent and uniform films.
47
48
Structure of Claims
a) Complete specification is to be followed by a “statement of
Claims” preceded by the prescribed preamble, “I / We Claim” as the
case may be.
b) Claims should start from a fresh page.
c) Each claim should be in a single sentence and should be clearly
worded.
d) A claim should not be verbose.
e) No restriction to number of claims.
f) Each claim should be fairly based on matter disclosed in the
specification.
g) A claim should be clear in the sense that it should not cause the
reader to speculate. Do not use words such as “thin”, “strong”, “a
major part”, “such as”, “when required” or “any”.
h) A claim must be specific and not vague, ambiguous or
hypothetical in nature.
i) Any term, which is used in the claim, must be either found in the
description or fairly inferred from the description.
j) The introductory phrase identifies the category of the invention
and sometimes the purpose (for example, a machine for waxing
paper, a composition for fertilizing soil).
k) The first claim is always an independent claim also known as
1 A supercapacitor, said supercapacitor comprising, cathode comprising a film of polyaniline
on stainless steel substrate, an electrolyte and anode comprising a platinum sheet.
2 The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein, polyaniline film is prepared by chemical bath
deposition (CBD) method.
3 A supercapacitor of claim 2, wherein, for the preparation of polyaniline, the concentration
of aniline is in the range of 0.05 M to 0.2 M, the concentration of sulphuric acid is in the
range of 0.05 M to 0.2 M and the concentration of ammonium peroxydisulphate is in the
range of 0.05 M to 0.2 M.
4 The supercapacitor of claim 2, wherein, the thickness of polyaniline film is in the range of
0.03 to 0.05 mg/cm2 by changing deposition time in the range of 4 to 8 hr.
5 The supercapacitor of claim 2, wherein, polyaniline films are polycrystalline and consists of
porous microstructure.
We claim:
49
50
Publication of Patent Application
(a) Patent is open to public after the expiry of 18 months.
(b) The Application is published in the Official Journal
except in the cases where:
1) Secrecy direction u/s 35 is in force,
2) Application abandoned u/s 9(1) (i.e., complete
Specification not filed
within twelve months from the date of filing of
Provisional Specification)., or
3) Withdrawn three months prior to the publication
period,
(c) No application will be published unless a power of
authority, if applicable, is
filed.
Early Publication
(a) With the prescribed fee of Rs. 2,500/- for natural
person(s) or
51
Effects of Publication
(a) Upon publication, the Patent office makes the
Specification and drawings available to the public on
its website or on payment of the prescribed fee .
(b) After publication of the Application for Patent the
depository institution
will make the biological material available to the
public.
( c) No patent shall be granted before the expiry of six
months from the
date of Publication of the Application.
52
53
Rights of Patentee
1). In case of a patented product, the
patentee shall have the exclusive right to
prevent third parties, from the act of
making, using, offering for sale, selling or
importing for those purposes that product
in India
2). In case of a patented process, the
patentee shall have the exclusive right to
prevent third parties, from the act of using
that process, and offering for sale, selling
or importing for those purposes the
54
55
56
Enforcement part
57
• Opposition
proceedin
gs
• Licensing
provisions
• Infringeme
nts suit
provisions
• Patents (Amendment) ordinance was
issued in 1994 and became Patent
(Amendment) Act,1999.
• Patents (Second Amendment) Bill ,1999,
has now become patent (Amendment)
Act,2002.
• Patent (Amendment) Act 2005, Product
regime launched
a) Product / Process Patent – sec 5
provided – only process patent in
certain category, Article 27.1 of
TRIPS – product patent in all fields of
technology, sec 5 – chemical process
– includes biochemical,
biotechnological and microbiological
process, Now omitted
b) Patent Term- 20 years for all process
and product patents, sec 53(1) –
term of every patent – not expired,
not cease to have effect -20 years
Patent Act: some useful information
58
d) Contents of specification- sec 10, sub clause 4(d)- an abstract, requirement
of making a deposit of the material, sub-clause 10.5 – a single inventive
concept
e) Examination and Publication- new sec 11A and 11B, sec 11A – all
applications – not be opened till 18 months, sec 11-b : examination on
request, within 48 months, Now 36 months
f) Prohibition to apply for Patent outside India.- sec 39 – not to make an
application outside India – Defense, atomic energy, apply in India, seek
clearance
g) Rights over importation.- right to make, use, exercise, sell or distribute –
include importation
h) Compulsory Licensing- sec83,84,85 and 89-95, sec 92 – grant of licence in
national emergency, extreme urgency –public health crisis- includes
procedures relating to AIDS and HIV, removal of three year restriction - CL.
Contd …
Patent Act: some useful information
59
j) Burden of proof concerning infringement –sec 104(A) –
inserted, infringement of process patent – defendant –
establish non-infringement.
k) License of Right- sec 86-89 of patent Act 1970, provisions
of Licence of Rights - dropped.
l) Appellate Board – sec 116 the appellate Board
established u/s 83 of Trade Mark Act 1999 – the
appellate Board – patent act appeal to appellate Board
– decision, order or direction of controller, otherwise
earlier was – High Court.
m) Unauthorised claims of Patent Rights – sec 120 – wrong
representation about patented in India or patent
application, fine increased from 500/- to 10,000/-., Now
Rs. 1,00,000/-
n) Other Amendments- sec 48 –prevent third party wit no
consent, sec 107(A)(a) – protection of biodiversity and
traditional knowledge.
Contd …
Patent Act: some useful information
60
Patent Agents
Yearly twice in the month of May and November.
Qualifications for registration as patent agents:-
a) he is a citizen of India;
b) he has completed the age of 21 years
(c) he has obtained a degree in science, engineering or technology from
any university.
you will have to provide fee [Rs.1000/- DD or Cheque], 1+1 Passport size
photo, attested education certificate and Character certificate .
Patent Office address
A.Culcutta
b. New Delhi
c. Mumbai
d. Chenna
The qualifying examination shall consists of the following papers and
marks, namely:-
Paper I - Patent Act and Rules 100
Paper II- Drafting and interpretation of Patent specification and other
documents 100
viva voice 100 61
4.The qualifying marks
sixty per cent of total marks.
5. Registration of agents
Now you have become a Patent Agent!
62
At Institute level……
What do we do ?
63
• Formulate Institutional IPR Policy
• Institute Information classification policy
• How do you sign MOUs
• Make all employees aware of the IPR and
information classification policies
• Users at unit level made aware of issues &
responsibilities. Manual of best practices.
• Set up patent information service
• Structured annual training and awareness
workshops
• Protection … establish a continuous process
At Institute level……
The IP Policy Process
64
• Recognise the Vision and
Mission of the Institute
• What are the various activities
your institution is involved in
• Interaction of the Institution with
the outside world
• Interactions within the institution
• What is the human resource
policy the institute say vis-à-vis
benefit sharing arrangements,
At Institute level……
The IP Policy
65
• Who will sign on behalf of the
organisation
• Which will be the team to advise on
IPR issues…. MOUs, protection, etc.
• What will be the channel to get it
going on the floor.
• Who owns what?..
• Documentation?
• Disclosures?
• Who will pay for the protection?
THANK YOU
66

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Patent Basic.pptx

  • 1. 1 Patent Filing Dr.Gurumeet c wadhawa Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashi
  • 2. INVENTION Invention is a successful technical solution to a technical problem. To be granted a Patent, An invention must be new, non-obvious and capable of industrial application 2
  • 3. Different Ways Of Dealing With An Invention: 3 •Make it public for free use by public (like publishing in the journal) Or •Work the invention in SECRECY without PATENTING it (like coco- cola composition) Or •Work the invention OPENLY without PATENTING it (directly put it in the market) Or •EXPLOIT the invention on the basis of a PATENT (like Rank Xerox )
  • 4. CD PLAYER 4 Industrial design protection for 3D shape Brand name- registered under trademark Music played on the CD player is protected by copyright Various technical parts & mechanisms are subject mater of protection under Patents 4
  • 5. 5 FOR MOST PRODUCTS EVERY FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS CAN BE OBTAINED CAMERA “PATENT”  For every individual improved mechanism “DESIGN”  For outer shape & Contour / Configuration “TRADE MARK” Brand name or Logo for goods denoted as ® “Copy right” For Instruction / manual booklet denoted as © 5
  • 6. 6 A patent is a Monopoly Right granted •For an invention •By the government •To the inventor or his assignee •For a limited period •It is valid within the country of grant
  • 7. What Does Patent System Do ? 7 Patents for progress It encourages RESEARCH. Induces an inventor to disclose his inventions instead of keeping them as secret. Provides inducement for capital investment encouraging technological
  • 8. Advantages Of A Patent To The Public 8 •Knowledge of invention adds to scientific background forming base for future research •Reasonable assurance for commercialization •Patent- open tp public for use •After its term expires or •When it ceases to be in
  • 9. Patents Not Only For Major Technological Breakthrough..such as •LAZLO biro’s - ball point pen •Ring – pull for cans of beverages # But even for any small ‘ incremental ’ inventions. •Individuals or Companies- normally do not clearly recognize the “TRUE MARKET VALUE” for a particular invention. 9
  • 10. Why do You need “Patent Information”? •Size of the resource-enormous and wide- Every area of technology is covered. •80% Not published elsewhere •FIRST PUBLICATION: Inventions disclosed in patents well before being published in any other type of document Invention Patent published First publication in any form Punched card 1889 1914 Television 1923 1928 Jet engine 1936 1946 10
  • 11. Patent Record Holders Edison (Born 1847) credited for phonograph, the kinetoscope, the dictaphone, radio, the electric lamp, the autographic printer, the tattoo machine, carbon microphone. Most of these inventions were improvements of earlier inventions. He holds 2,332 patents, including 1084 utility patents (patents for inventions) and 9 artistic design patents. Hunpei Yamazaki (Born 1942) a Japanese inventor in the field of computer
  • 12. 12 Silverbrook (Born 1958) an Australian inventor, scientist, 9,797 patents on digital music synthesis, digital video, digital printing, digital paper, internet commerce, computer graphics, liquid crystal displays, robotics, 3D fabrication, organic chemistry, DNA analysis, lab-on-a-chip, solar photovoltaics, software, image processing, Microelectromechanical systems, mechanicalengineering, cryptography, sensors, nanotechnology, microfluidics, polyme rs, fault tolerance, parallel processing, semiconductor fabrication,
  • 13. 13
  • 14. 14
  • 15. 15
  • 16. 16
  • 17. 17
  • 18. Protection Of Intellectual Property In India (Patents, Designs, Trade Marks & Copyrights) 18 Sr.JOINT CONTROLLER OF PATENTS AND DESIGNS JOINT REGISTAR OF TRADEMARK MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURSE DEVELOPMENT DEPT. OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY & PROMOTION DEPT. OF EDUCATION CONTROLLER GENERAL OF PATENTS, DESIGNS & TRADE MARKS PATENT OFFICE TRADE MARKS REGISTRY COPYRIGHT OFFICE REGISTAR OF COPYRIGHT GIR
  • 19. 19 PATENT OFFICE (HEAD OFFICE CALCUTTA) PATENT OFFICE (MUMBAI) PATENT OFFICE (CHENNAI ) PATENT OFFICE (NEW DELHI) JURISDICTION WEST ZONE JURISDICTION SOUTH ZONE JURISDICTIO N NORTH ZONE Patent offices in India
  • 20. 20 •Criteria for Patentability –New & useful –Non-obvious –Capable of Industrial Applications •Patents Act specifies –What are not inventions? –What are not patentable inventions? •How to get that monopoly right?
  • 22. 22 Patent Grant Procedure 1) Filing of Patent application 2) Examination and Novelty search 3) Acceptance or refusal 4) Notification of “acceptance” in gazette of India 5) Opposition ( If any) 22
  • 23. 23 Contents of Patent Application (To be submitted in duplicate) 1. Application for grant of patent in Form-1. 2. Provisional / complete specification in Form-2. 3. Statement and undertaking under Section 8 in Form-3, if applicable. (An applicant must file Form 3 either along with the application or within 6 months from the date of Application) 4. Declaration as to inventorship in Form 5 5. Power of authority in Form-26 ( if filed through a Patent Agent. ) 6. Abstract
  • 24. 24 10) Signature of the applicant or authorized person / Patent Agent along with name and date . 11) The Specification and drawings shall be signed by the agent/applicant with date. For biological patents 1) For biological material obtained from India, the applicant is required to submit the permission from the National Biodiversity Authority any time before the grant of the patent. 2) Indicate clearly the source of geographical origin of any biological material used in the Specification.
  • 25. 25
  • 26. 26 E-filing: 1. Facility to file a Patent Application online from the native place of the agent. 2. Applicant / agent must have a digital signature. For the first time, applicant / agent has to register as a new user and has to create login ID and password on the Patent office portal. (http://www.ipindia.nic.in). 3. A preliminary Software (Client Software) has to be installed on the host computer and all the relevant in soft copy have to be uploaded.
  • 27. 27 Language Documents shall be written or typewritten or printed either in Hindi or in English language and legible characters with deep indelible ink with lines widely spaced upon. Paper size One side of strong white paper of a size A4 with a margin of at least 4 centimeters on the top and left hand part and 3 centimeters on the bottom and right hand part thereof. Lines spacing of 1 .5 or double space in non-script type font preferably in a font size of 12. Signature Any signature which is not legible or which is written in a script other than Hindi or English shall be accompanied by a transcription of the name either in Hindi or in English in
  • 28. 28
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  • 34. 34 Title of Patent The title should be sufficiently indicative of the subject matter of the invention and shall disclose the specific features of the invention. It shall be brief, free from fancy expressions or ambiguity and as precise and definite as possible, and should not ordinarily exceed fifteen words. The following are not permissible in the title: Inventor’s name, the word ‘Patent’, words in other languages, The abbreviation “etc”, fancy words e.g. “Washwell Soap”, “Universal Rest Easy Patent Chair”.
  • 35. 35 FORM 1 THE PATENTS ACT 1970 (39 OF 1970) & The Patents Rules, 2003 APPLICATION FOR GRANT OF PATENT (See section 7,54 & 135 and rule 20 (1)) (FOR OFFICE USE ONLY) Application No.: Filing Date: Amount of Fee Paid: CBR No.: Signature: 1. APPLICANT Name Nationality Address Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kolhapur 416 004 2. Inventors Name Nationality Address Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kolhapur 416 004 Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kolhapur 416 004 Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal Indian Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics,Kolhapur416 004 35
  • 36. 36 36 3. TITLE OF THE INVENTION “Supercapacitor based on chemically deposited polyaniline thin films” 4. ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE OF APPLICANT / AUTHORIZED PATENT AGENT IN Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kolhapur416 004 Telephone No. : 0231-2609225 Fax No. : 0231-2609233 Mobile No.: +91 9765788816 E-mail : l_chandrakant@yahoo.com
  • 37. 5. PRIORITY PARTICULARS OF THE APPLICATION (S) FILED IN CONVENTION COUNTRY Country Application Number Filing Date Name of the Applicant Title of the Invention NA NA NA NA NA 6. PARTICULARS FOR FILING PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) NATIONAL PHASE APPLICATION International application number NA 7. PARTICULARS FOR FILING DIVISIONAL APPLICATION Original (First) Application Number Date of Filing of Original (First) Application NA NA 8. PARTICULARS FOR FILING PATENT OF ADDITION Main Application/Patent Number Date of Filling of Main Application NA NA 9. DECLARATIONS : (i) Declaration by the Inventors We, the above named inventors are the true & first inventors for this invention and declare that the applicants herein are our assignee or legal representative. (a) Date 27th August 2009 (b) Signatures: 1) 2) 3) (c) Names 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande 2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale 3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal (ii) Declaration by the applicant s in the convention country We, the applicants in the convention country declare that the applicant(s) herein is our assignee (a) Date 27th August 2009 (b) Signatures: 1) 2) 3) (c) Names of the signatory 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande 2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale 3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal 37
  • 38. (iii) Declaration by the applicants: We, the applicants hereby declares that: o We are in possession of the above-mentioned invention. o The provisional/complete specification relating to the invention is filed with this application. o The invention as disclosed in the specification uses the biological material from and the necessary permission from the competent authority shall be submitted by me/us before the grant of patent to us. o There is no lawful ground of objection to the grant of the Patent to us. o We are the assignee or legal representative of true & first inventors. o The application or each of the applications, particulars of which are given in – 5 was first application in convention country/countries in respect of our invention. o We claim the priority from the above mentioned applications filed in convention country/countries and state 38
  • 39. 39 Following are the attachments with the application: a) Complete specification. b) Complete specification (in conformation with the international application) / as amended before the International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA), as applicable (2 copies). No. of pages 10 No. of claims 8. c) Drawings (in conformation with the international application) / as amended before the International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA), as applicable (2 copies). No. of sheets 3 d) Priority e) Translation of priority / specification/ International Search Report f) Statement and undertaking on Form 3 g) Declaration of inventorship on Form 5 h) Sequence listing in electronic form (floppy disc) Fee Rs. 1000/- in Cheque/Bank Draft bearing no. 271430 Date 27/8/2009 On UCO Bank. We hereby declare that to the best of our knowledge, information and belief the fact and matters stated herein are correct and We request that a patent may be granted to me/us for the said invention. Dated this 27th day of August 2009. Signatures: 1) 2) 3) Name : 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande 2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale 3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal To,
  • 40. 40 Complete Specification Every complete specification shall: a) fully and particularly describe the invention and its operation or use and the method by which it is performed; b) disclose the best method of performing the invention which is known to the applicant for which he is entitled to claim protection; c) end with a claim or set of claims defining the scope of the invention for which the protection is claimed; d) make reference to deposit of the biological material in the
  • 41. 41 Title Field of the Invention and use of Invention Prior Art and problem to be solved Objects of the Invention Summary of the Invention Detailed Description of the Invention Best method Drawings Claims Abstract
  • 42. Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande, Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale and Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416 004 (M.S.), India. Abstract In present investigation, we have prepared nanocrystalline and porous polyaniline thin films by facile chemical bath deposition (CBD) method from the acidic bath at room temperature. These films were used for supercapacitor application. The electrochemical properties of polyaniline thin film was tested in H2SO4 electrolyte using cyclic voltametry (CV) technique. Polyaniline thin film showed 90% stability for 10,000 cycles in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The maximum value of specific capacitance obtained was 826 Fg-1. 42
  • 43. 1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION “Supercapacitor based on chemically deposited polyaniline thin films” 2. APPLICANT(S) a) NAME: 1) Prof. Chandrakant Dnyandev Lokhande, 2) Mr. Dattatray Sadashiv Dhawale and 3) Mr. Deepak Prakash Dubal b) NATIONALITY: All are Indians c) ADDRESS: Thin Film Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, , Kolhapur - 416 004 (M.S.) 3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION COMPLETE The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) PROVISIONAL / COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See section 10 and rule 13) 43
  • 44. 1. K. Rajendra Prasad, N. Munichandraiah, “Fabrication and evaluation of 450 F electrochemical redox supercapacitors using inexpensive and high performance, polyaniline coated stainless steel electrodes”, Journal of Power Sources 112 (2002) 443. 2. H. Aghlara, “Capacitors based on conducting polyaniline films”, Chinese Journal of Physics 41 (2003) 2. 3. W. C. Chen, T. C. Wen, H. Teng, “Polyaniline deposited porous carbon electrode for supercapacitors”, Electrochim Acta 48 (2003) 641. 4. V. Gupta, N. Miura, “Electrochemically deposited polyaniline nanowire’s network A high-performance electrode material for redox supercapacitor”, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters,8 (2005) A630. 5. M. Deng, B. Yang, Y. Hu, “Polyaniline deposition to enhance the specific capacitance of carbon nanotubes for supercapacitors”, Journal of Material science 40 (2005) 5021. 6. V. Gupta, N. Miura, “Large-area network of polyaniline nanowires prepared by potentiostatic deposition process”, Electrochemistry Communications 7 (2005) 995. The following specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of the present invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. Papers Related to Polyaniline Thin Films as Supercapacitor 44
  • 45. 45 7. V. Gupta, N. Miura, “High performance electrochemical supercapacitor from electrochemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline”, Materials Letters 60 (2006) 1466. 8. T. C. Girija, M. V. Sangaranarayanan, “Analysis of polyaniline-based nickel electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors”, Journal of Power Sources 156 (2006) 705. 9. T. C. Girija, M. V. Sangaranarayanan, “Investigation of polyaniline-coated stainless steel electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors”, Synthetic Metals 156 (2006) 244. 10. H. Mi, X. Zhang, S. Yang, X. Ye, J. Luo, “Polyaniline nanofibers as the electrode material for supercapacitors”, Materials Chemistry and Physics 112 (2008) 127. 11. G. Y. Zhao, H. L. Li, “Preparation of polyaniline nanowire arrayed electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 110 (2008) 590.
  • 46. 46 No. Patent No. Month and Year Inventors Classificatio n 1. 5023149 03 June 1988 Macdiarmid, Alan G. et al. 429/27 2. 4940640 06 September 1988 Macdiarmid, Alan G. et al. 429/213 3. 6402992 11 June 2002 Kumar, Konda Kannan et al. 252/500 4. 20021014128 22 August 2002 Ryu, Kwang-sun et al. 361/508 5. 20030176631 13 March 2002 Palaniappan, Srinivasan et al. 528/422 6. 20030035982 20 February 2003 Ryu, Kwang-sun et al. 429/7 7. 20040057191 25 March 2004 Timonov, Alexander et al. 361/302 USA Patents
  • 47. • as semiconductor, insulator or metals can be used. • It is low temperature process which avoids oxidation /corrosion of metallic substrates. • Unlike in electrodeposition, electrical conductivity of substrate is not a necessary requirement in chemical bath deposition. Depending upon deposition condition, film growth can takes place by ion-by-ion condensation of the material on the substrate or by the adsorption of colloidal particles from the solution onto the substrate. Chemical bath deposition results in pinhole free and uniform deposits as the solution from which these are deposited always remain in touch with substrate. Stoichiometric deposits are easily obtained since the basic building blocks are ions instead of atoms. The preparative parameters are easily controllable to obtain good quality, well adherent and uniform films. 47
  • 48. 48 Structure of Claims a) Complete specification is to be followed by a “statement of Claims” preceded by the prescribed preamble, “I / We Claim” as the case may be. b) Claims should start from a fresh page. c) Each claim should be in a single sentence and should be clearly worded. d) A claim should not be verbose. e) No restriction to number of claims. f) Each claim should be fairly based on matter disclosed in the specification. g) A claim should be clear in the sense that it should not cause the reader to speculate. Do not use words such as “thin”, “strong”, “a major part”, “such as”, “when required” or “any”. h) A claim must be specific and not vague, ambiguous or hypothetical in nature. i) Any term, which is used in the claim, must be either found in the description or fairly inferred from the description. j) The introductory phrase identifies the category of the invention and sometimes the purpose (for example, a machine for waxing paper, a composition for fertilizing soil). k) The first claim is always an independent claim also known as
  • 49. 1 A supercapacitor, said supercapacitor comprising, cathode comprising a film of polyaniline on stainless steel substrate, an electrolyte and anode comprising a platinum sheet. 2 The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein, polyaniline film is prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. 3 A supercapacitor of claim 2, wherein, for the preparation of polyaniline, the concentration of aniline is in the range of 0.05 M to 0.2 M, the concentration of sulphuric acid is in the range of 0.05 M to 0.2 M and the concentration of ammonium peroxydisulphate is in the range of 0.05 M to 0.2 M. 4 The supercapacitor of claim 2, wherein, the thickness of polyaniline film is in the range of 0.03 to 0.05 mg/cm2 by changing deposition time in the range of 4 to 8 hr. 5 The supercapacitor of claim 2, wherein, polyaniline films are polycrystalline and consists of porous microstructure. We claim: 49
  • 50. 50 Publication of Patent Application (a) Patent is open to public after the expiry of 18 months. (b) The Application is published in the Official Journal except in the cases where: 1) Secrecy direction u/s 35 is in force, 2) Application abandoned u/s 9(1) (i.e., complete Specification not filed within twelve months from the date of filing of Provisional Specification)., or 3) Withdrawn three months prior to the publication period, (c) No application will be published unless a power of authority, if applicable, is filed. Early Publication (a) With the prescribed fee of Rs. 2,500/- for natural person(s) or
  • 51. 51 Effects of Publication (a) Upon publication, the Patent office makes the Specification and drawings available to the public on its website or on payment of the prescribed fee . (b) After publication of the Application for Patent the depository institution will make the biological material available to the public. ( c) No patent shall be granted before the expiry of six months from the date of Publication of the Application.
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  • 53. 53 Rights of Patentee 1). In case of a patented product, the patentee shall have the exclusive right to prevent third parties, from the act of making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing for those purposes that product in India 2). In case of a patented process, the patentee shall have the exclusive right to prevent third parties, from the act of using that process, and offering for sale, selling or importing for those purposes the
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  • 57. Enforcement part 57 • Opposition proceedin gs • Licensing provisions • Infringeme nts suit provisions
  • 58. • Patents (Amendment) ordinance was issued in 1994 and became Patent (Amendment) Act,1999. • Patents (Second Amendment) Bill ,1999, has now become patent (Amendment) Act,2002. • Patent (Amendment) Act 2005, Product regime launched a) Product / Process Patent – sec 5 provided – only process patent in certain category, Article 27.1 of TRIPS – product patent in all fields of technology, sec 5 – chemical process – includes biochemical, biotechnological and microbiological process, Now omitted b) Patent Term- 20 years for all process and product patents, sec 53(1) – term of every patent – not expired, not cease to have effect -20 years Patent Act: some useful information 58
  • 59. d) Contents of specification- sec 10, sub clause 4(d)- an abstract, requirement of making a deposit of the material, sub-clause 10.5 – a single inventive concept e) Examination and Publication- new sec 11A and 11B, sec 11A – all applications – not be opened till 18 months, sec 11-b : examination on request, within 48 months, Now 36 months f) Prohibition to apply for Patent outside India.- sec 39 – not to make an application outside India – Defense, atomic energy, apply in India, seek clearance g) Rights over importation.- right to make, use, exercise, sell or distribute – include importation h) Compulsory Licensing- sec83,84,85 and 89-95, sec 92 – grant of licence in national emergency, extreme urgency –public health crisis- includes procedures relating to AIDS and HIV, removal of three year restriction - CL. Contd … Patent Act: some useful information 59
  • 60. j) Burden of proof concerning infringement –sec 104(A) – inserted, infringement of process patent – defendant – establish non-infringement. k) License of Right- sec 86-89 of patent Act 1970, provisions of Licence of Rights - dropped. l) Appellate Board – sec 116 the appellate Board established u/s 83 of Trade Mark Act 1999 – the appellate Board – patent act appeal to appellate Board – decision, order or direction of controller, otherwise earlier was – High Court. m) Unauthorised claims of Patent Rights – sec 120 – wrong representation about patented in India or patent application, fine increased from 500/- to 10,000/-., Now Rs. 1,00,000/- n) Other Amendments- sec 48 –prevent third party wit no consent, sec 107(A)(a) – protection of biodiversity and traditional knowledge. Contd … Patent Act: some useful information 60
  • 61. Patent Agents Yearly twice in the month of May and November. Qualifications for registration as patent agents:- a) he is a citizen of India; b) he has completed the age of 21 years (c) he has obtained a degree in science, engineering or technology from any university. you will have to provide fee [Rs.1000/- DD or Cheque], 1+1 Passport size photo, attested education certificate and Character certificate . Patent Office address A.Culcutta b. New Delhi c. Mumbai d. Chenna The qualifying examination shall consists of the following papers and marks, namely:- Paper I - Patent Act and Rules 100 Paper II- Drafting and interpretation of Patent specification and other documents 100 viva voice 100 61
  • 62. 4.The qualifying marks sixty per cent of total marks. 5. Registration of agents Now you have become a Patent Agent! 62
  • 63. At Institute level…… What do we do ? 63 • Formulate Institutional IPR Policy • Institute Information classification policy • How do you sign MOUs • Make all employees aware of the IPR and information classification policies • Users at unit level made aware of issues & responsibilities. Manual of best practices. • Set up patent information service • Structured annual training and awareness workshops • Protection … establish a continuous process
  • 64. At Institute level…… The IP Policy Process 64 • Recognise the Vision and Mission of the Institute • What are the various activities your institution is involved in • Interaction of the Institution with the outside world • Interactions within the institution • What is the human resource policy the institute say vis-à-vis benefit sharing arrangements,
  • 65. At Institute level…… The IP Policy 65 • Who will sign on behalf of the organisation • Which will be the team to advise on IPR issues…. MOUs, protection, etc. • What will be the channel to get it going on the floor. • Who owns what?.. • Documentation? • Disclosures? • Who will pay for the protection?