Microaid Mobile App (MAMA) connects local buying agents to their producers at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP).
The simple technology messages in MicroAid Notes increases micro-producer’s returns and assures the product continuity, quality standards and traceability required by buyers.
Buying agents license MAMA to their producers to connect and coordinate their product supply network.
MicroAid Mobile App is targeted for local buying agents to connect to both producers and consumer buyers for shared value supply chains
This document discusses the objectives and types of training for coffee plants. The main objectives of training are to admit sunlight and air into the center of the tree, direct growth for easier cultural operations, protect from damage, and promote balanced fruit production. The primary purpose of training is to restrict height for better management. Types of training discussed are single stem, where the main stem is topped to restrict height, and multiple stem, practiced in other countries by bending the main stem. Single stem is preferred in India as it provides a well-balanced structure and resistance to breakage. Varieties are topped at different heights based on their growth characteristics.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 13th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 9, 2017 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
1. Hevea brasiliensis, commonly known as the Para rubber tree, is the primary source of natural rubber. It is native to the Amazon basin and was introduced to tropical areas of Asia and Africa in the late 19th century.
2. Rubber trees are cultivated by establishing nurseries to grow seedlings and budded plants. Seedlings are bud grafted with clones to propagate desired traits, then planted on farms.
3. Optimal growing conditions for rubber trees include well-drained, acidic soils; high rainfall; and temperatures between 20-34°C. Intercropping provides additional income during the trees' early years, though erosion risks must be managed on slopes.
1) The document discusses recent advances in cultivation and processing of rubber. It covers the origin, distribution, production, varieties, botany, propagation, nursery practices, land preparation, planting, manuring, pruning, and intercropping of rubber.
2) Key aspects covered include rubber being an important plantation crop for India, its introduction from Brazil in 1873, major producing countries like Thailand and India, and varieties commonly planted.
3) Propagation methods discussed are seed propagation, green budding, and young budding carried out in nurseries with details on spacing and maintenance provided.
Pruning and training are important operations in tea management. Pruning removes old wood and stimulates new lateral growth, while training establishes the plant structure. Common pruning methods include decentering, bending, pegging, and frame forming prunes. Pruning is done periodically based on factors like growth rate, starch reserves, and pest/disease risk. The timing, severity, and cycle of pruning varies depending on conditions like shade, soil, elevation, and desired crop levels. Pruning rejuvenates tea bushes and regulates crop production.
To find square footage or measure for lawn fertilizer, multiply the length by the width of the area. To find cubic yards of material, multiply the length by the width and divide by 82 at a depth of 3-4 inches. Landscape fabric comes in 4' or 6' widths by up to 250' rolls, measure the area to determine which width uses less waste. Purchase staples and cut the fabric around plants at least 6 inches from the stem after planting. Compost, bark, pea gravel and drain rock can be delivered in 1-10 cubic yard amounts but you pay more for less than 10 cubic yards and need to check for overhead wires if ordering 10 cubic yards. Plants come in 1, 2,
The document provides information on transplanting trees, including its history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses how trees have been transplanted since ancient times and describes the development of modern tree transplanting techniques and machinery. The traditional manual method and machine method using a tree spade are described in detail, outlining the steps for digging, transporting, planting, and caring for a transplanted tree. Proper soil preparation, planting depth, staking, and watering are emphasized to reduce transplant stress and ensure the tree's successful establishment.
This document discusses the objectives and types of training for coffee plants. The main objectives of training are to admit sunlight and air into the center of the tree, direct growth for easier cultural operations, protect from damage, and promote balanced fruit production. The primary purpose of training is to restrict height for better management. Types of training discussed are single stem, where the main stem is topped to restrict height, and multiple stem, practiced in other countries by bending the main stem. Single stem is preferred in India as it provides a well-balanced structure and resistance to breakage. Varieties are topped at different heights based on their growth characteristics.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 13th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 9, 2017 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
1. Hevea brasiliensis, commonly known as the Para rubber tree, is the primary source of natural rubber. It is native to the Amazon basin and was introduced to tropical areas of Asia and Africa in the late 19th century.
2. Rubber trees are cultivated by establishing nurseries to grow seedlings and budded plants. Seedlings are bud grafted with clones to propagate desired traits, then planted on farms.
3. Optimal growing conditions for rubber trees include well-drained, acidic soils; high rainfall; and temperatures between 20-34°C. Intercropping provides additional income during the trees' early years, though erosion risks must be managed on slopes.
1) The document discusses recent advances in cultivation and processing of rubber. It covers the origin, distribution, production, varieties, botany, propagation, nursery practices, land preparation, planting, manuring, pruning, and intercropping of rubber.
2) Key aspects covered include rubber being an important plantation crop for India, its introduction from Brazil in 1873, major producing countries like Thailand and India, and varieties commonly planted.
3) Propagation methods discussed are seed propagation, green budding, and young budding carried out in nurseries with details on spacing and maintenance provided.
Pruning and training are important operations in tea management. Pruning removes old wood and stimulates new lateral growth, while training establishes the plant structure. Common pruning methods include decentering, bending, pegging, and frame forming prunes. Pruning is done periodically based on factors like growth rate, starch reserves, and pest/disease risk. The timing, severity, and cycle of pruning varies depending on conditions like shade, soil, elevation, and desired crop levels. Pruning rejuvenates tea bushes and regulates crop production.
To find square footage or measure for lawn fertilizer, multiply the length by the width of the area. To find cubic yards of material, multiply the length by the width and divide by 82 at a depth of 3-4 inches. Landscape fabric comes in 4' or 6' widths by up to 250' rolls, measure the area to determine which width uses less waste. Purchase staples and cut the fabric around plants at least 6 inches from the stem after planting. Compost, bark, pea gravel and drain rock can be delivered in 1-10 cubic yard amounts but you pay more for less than 10 cubic yards and need to check for overhead wires if ordering 10 cubic yards. Plants come in 1, 2,
The document provides information on transplanting trees, including its history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses how trees have been transplanted since ancient times and describes the development of modern tree transplanting techniques and machinery. The traditional manual method and machine method using a tree spade are described in detail, outlining the steps for digging, transporting, planting, and caring for a transplanted tree. Proper soil preparation, planting depth, staking, and watering are emphasized to reduce transplant stress and ensure the tree's successful establishment.
This document provides information on maintaining nursery facilities and propagating plants through various asexual and sexual methods. It discusses seedbed preparation, shade requirements, size and age of seedlings, cropping patterns, irrigation techniques, and plant propagation methods like stem cuttings, grafting, layering and tissue culture. Different types of grafting are described, including cleft grafting, bark graft, and whip and tongue graft. The advantages of grafting include inducing dwarfness, ease of propagation, and shortening breeding programs.
Recent advances in hdp of citrus, guava, apricot and cherrysukhjinder mann
The document summarizes recent advances in high density planting (HDP) of citrus, guava, apricot and cherry. It discusses the principles and components of HDP, including adopting dwarfing rootstocks and varieties, efficient training and pruning, and suitable crop management practices. It also outlines some of the benefits of HDP over normal planting, such as maximizing yield per unit area and allowing for mechanization. However, it notes some constraints to adopting HDP systems, such as a lack of dwarf varieties and standardization of production technologies for different fruit crops.
The document provides information about apple trees, including that they are deciduous trees that require full light and acidic, well-drained soil. It lists common apple varieties grown in Virginia and pruning methods. It also summarizes the life cycle of apple blossoms and fruit production, and provides a calendar of tasks for apple growers throughout the year including pruning, spraying, harvesting, and soil maintenance.
- Roses originated in China and are widely cultivated globally for their flowers and other uses. The top rose importing countries are Germany, USA, France, Switzerland, and UK, while the main exporters are the Netherlands, Columbia, Ecuador, Kenya, Israel, and Zimbabwe.
- There are over 150 rose species, with common varieties including hybrid tea roses, floribundas, grandifloras, miniature roses, climbers, and ramblers. Roses require specific growing conditions including temperatures between 15-18°C, soil pH between 6.2-6.8, and irrigation methods like drip irrigation.
- Rose cultivation involves land preparation, planting, use of manures and fertil
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
This document provides information about growing ginger at a farm located in Middle Granville, NY. It discusses the different tunnel structures used, the seed starting and planting process, watering and fertilization practices, pest and disease issues, expected yields, and contact information for the farm. The key steps outlined are: 1) starting ginger seeds indoors and transplanting seedlings into trenches when soil is 55 degrees; 2) planting in rows 3-4 feet apart and watering minimally early but heavily late in the season; and 3) harvesting after 4 months, washing and trimming the ginger for market.
Growing out of season vegetable crops, in hot weather and cold weather. Growing vegetables to store for out-of-season use. Techniques to success in all seasons: germinating seeds, growing plants, protecting crops from hot weather, pests, cold weather. Choosing suitable crops that will work for your farm or garden.
To successfully plant a tree, one must select the right species, prepare the soil, dig an appropriately sized hole, place the tree in the hole so the crown is level, fill gaps with soil and compost or manure, apply mulch, stake if needed, and water regularly. Proper planting ensures the tree's roots become established to allow it to survive and thrive for years.
This document discusses canopy management practices for guava trees, specifically pruning. It notes that canopy management is an important practice that forms the basis for fruit tree precociousness and longevity. Regular pruning is essential to induce new growth and provide maximum fruit-bearing area over the tree. Pruning helps control tree size, stimulate flowering and fruiting, improve fruit quality by increasing sunlight penetration, and make other horticultural practices more efficient. The ideal guava tree structure from pruning is dwarf, spreading, with an open canopy.
This document discusses different methods for establishing turf grass, including seeding, sodding, stolonization, sprigging, and plugging. It provides details on each method such as appropriate grass types and seasons for seeding, sod requirements, plant material needs for stolonization and sprigging, and using plugs or strips for sodding. Recommendations are also provided for proper installation and care of newly laid sod or plugs.
This document outlines 10 steps for a successful vegetable garden:
1. Select a sunny location with good drainage.
2. Plan your garden layout and arrange plants by harvest time.
3. Choose recommended vegetable varieties.
4. Obtain quality seeds, plants, tools and supplies.
5. Prepare soil by adding organic matter and fertilizer.
6. Plant seeds and transplants properly, ensuring good spacing and depth.
7. Water regularly to keep soil moist without overwatering.
This document provides guidance on selecting and maintaining lawn grasses in North Carolina. It discusses choosing between warm-season and cool-season grasses based on climate, intended use, and site conditions. It then covers best practices for starting a new lawn, including soil preparation, planting methods, irrigation, mowing, fertilization, and weed and pest control. Key recommendations include selecting the right grass variety, maintaining proper soil pH and nutrient levels through testing and amendments, following best mowing practices, and identifying and managing common lawn weeds, insects and diseases. The document aims to help homeowners establish and care for healthy, sustainable lawns.
The document provides information on selecting and maintaining turfgrass varieties. It discusses key terminology used to identify grass parts. Several cool-season and warm-season grass varieties adapted to Wyoming are described, including their characteristics, water needs, and seeding rates. The steps for establishing a new lawn from seed or sod are outlined, including soil preparation, planting, watering, and initial mowing. Ongoing maintenance recommendations are provided for the different seasons, such as mowing height, watering, fertilizing, and controlling pests.
The document provides guidance on using the square foot gardening method to grow vegetables in a small space. It explains that a 120cm by 120cm plot is divided into 16 squares, each planted with a different crop. Proper planning is required to rotate crops and arrange taller plants in back. The soil is improved before planting by adding compost and manure. Seeds are planted through station sowing rather than rows to maximize the space. With careful planning, a wide variety of crops can be grown in this small area.
Turf establishment begins with careful planning, knowledge of soil conditions, and an understanding of the environmental and cultural requirements of turfgrasses.
This document provides information on growing hops in home gardens. It discusses the biology of hops, including that they are rhizomatous perennial plants that are dioecious. It recommends selecting female hop varieties for home use as they produce cones used for brewing and ornamental purposes. The document describes how to propagate hops through rhizomes or stem cuttings and establishes that they grow best in sunny, well-drained locations. It provides guidance on planting, training, fertilizing, irrigating, and harvesting hops. Common diseases like downy and powdery mildew that can affect hops are also mentioned.
10. Kitchen gardening A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides guidance on kitchen gardening in 6 steps: 1) selecting a site that gets full sun and has good irrigation, 2) deciding garden size, 3) preparing soil by tilling and adding compost, 4) selecting crops suited to the climate and planting schedule, 5) maintaining the garden through irrigation, weeding, and pest control, and 6) harvesting produce. Key recommendations include building raised beds for easier access and warmer soil, starting seeds indoors for crops with long seasons, and using drip irrigation and mulch to conserve water. The goal is to harvest fresh vegetables every month through succession planting and selecting crops for each growing season.
Unlock the secrets of how to grow dill with this informative presentation. From seed to harvest, learn the essential steps, best practices, and expert tips for increasing vibrant and aromatic dill in your garden or indoor space. Explore the ideal growing conditions, soil requirements, watering schedule, and pest management strategies to ensure a bountiful harvest of this flavorful herb.
Bureau of Plant and Industry Davao Region in the Philippines
Nursery establishment for cacao seedlings are similar to most tree crop nurseries.
Young seedlings require ample shading, adequate supply of clean water and drainage.
Cashew is commonly propagated through seeds, which results in genetic variation. Vegetative propagation through methods like grafting, layering, and cuttings conserves the desirable traits of elite mother plants. The document provides detailed instructions on seed collection, storage and sowing techniques. It also describes vegetative propagation methods and nursery management practices like transplanting seedlings, pest and disease control, and preparing plants for field planting. Maintaining proper growing conditions is important for high survival rates of propagated plants.
Growing and Preserving Your Own Fruits and VegetablesSherry Ellis
Reap the benefits of growing your own fruits and vegetables by learning how to plan and maintain a garden. You will also learn about which plants work together and which don't, and how to can and preserve the fruits of your labors, so they can be enjoyed year-round.
This document provides information on maintaining nursery facilities and propagating plants through various asexual and sexual methods. It discusses seedbed preparation, shade requirements, size and age of seedlings, cropping patterns, irrigation techniques, and plant propagation methods like stem cuttings, grafting, layering and tissue culture. Different types of grafting are described, including cleft grafting, bark graft, and whip and tongue graft. The advantages of grafting include inducing dwarfness, ease of propagation, and shortening breeding programs.
Recent advances in hdp of citrus, guava, apricot and cherrysukhjinder mann
The document summarizes recent advances in high density planting (HDP) of citrus, guava, apricot and cherry. It discusses the principles and components of HDP, including adopting dwarfing rootstocks and varieties, efficient training and pruning, and suitable crop management practices. It also outlines some of the benefits of HDP over normal planting, such as maximizing yield per unit area and allowing for mechanization. However, it notes some constraints to adopting HDP systems, such as a lack of dwarf varieties and standardization of production technologies for different fruit crops.
The document provides information about apple trees, including that they are deciduous trees that require full light and acidic, well-drained soil. It lists common apple varieties grown in Virginia and pruning methods. It also summarizes the life cycle of apple blossoms and fruit production, and provides a calendar of tasks for apple growers throughout the year including pruning, spraying, harvesting, and soil maintenance.
- Roses originated in China and are widely cultivated globally for their flowers and other uses. The top rose importing countries are Germany, USA, France, Switzerland, and UK, while the main exporters are the Netherlands, Columbia, Ecuador, Kenya, Israel, and Zimbabwe.
- There are over 150 rose species, with common varieties including hybrid tea roses, floribundas, grandifloras, miniature roses, climbers, and ramblers. Roses require specific growing conditions including temperatures between 15-18°C, soil pH between 6.2-6.8, and irrigation methods like drip irrigation.
- Rose cultivation involves land preparation, planting, use of manures and fertil
Jon Hill Turf | What is Turf Grass and its ManagementJon Hill Turf
Jon Hill Turf explains here all about the turfgrass and its management. Turfgrass means a collection of grass plants that form a ground cover. Jon Hill Turf is an expert in laying turf profession.
This document provides information about growing ginger at a farm located in Middle Granville, NY. It discusses the different tunnel structures used, the seed starting and planting process, watering and fertilization practices, pest and disease issues, expected yields, and contact information for the farm. The key steps outlined are: 1) starting ginger seeds indoors and transplanting seedlings into trenches when soil is 55 degrees; 2) planting in rows 3-4 feet apart and watering minimally early but heavily late in the season; and 3) harvesting after 4 months, washing and trimming the ginger for market.
Growing out of season vegetable crops, in hot weather and cold weather. Growing vegetables to store for out-of-season use. Techniques to success in all seasons: germinating seeds, growing plants, protecting crops from hot weather, pests, cold weather. Choosing suitable crops that will work for your farm or garden.
To successfully plant a tree, one must select the right species, prepare the soil, dig an appropriately sized hole, place the tree in the hole so the crown is level, fill gaps with soil and compost or manure, apply mulch, stake if needed, and water regularly. Proper planting ensures the tree's roots become established to allow it to survive and thrive for years.
This document discusses canopy management practices for guava trees, specifically pruning. It notes that canopy management is an important practice that forms the basis for fruit tree precociousness and longevity. Regular pruning is essential to induce new growth and provide maximum fruit-bearing area over the tree. Pruning helps control tree size, stimulate flowering and fruiting, improve fruit quality by increasing sunlight penetration, and make other horticultural practices more efficient. The ideal guava tree structure from pruning is dwarf, spreading, with an open canopy.
This document discusses different methods for establishing turf grass, including seeding, sodding, stolonization, sprigging, and plugging. It provides details on each method such as appropriate grass types and seasons for seeding, sod requirements, plant material needs for stolonization and sprigging, and using plugs or strips for sodding. Recommendations are also provided for proper installation and care of newly laid sod or plugs.
This document outlines 10 steps for a successful vegetable garden:
1. Select a sunny location with good drainage.
2. Plan your garden layout and arrange plants by harvest time.
3. Choose recommended vegetable varieties.
4. Obtain quality seeds, plants, tools and supplies.
5. Prepare soil by adding organic matter and fertilizer.
6. Plant seeds and transplants properly, ensuring good spacing and depth.
7. Water regularly to keep soil moist without overwatering.
This document provides guidance on selecting and maintaining lawn grasses in North Carolina. It discusses choosing between warm-season and cool-season grasses based on climate, intended use, and site conditions. It then covers best practices for starting a new lawn, including soil preparation, planting methods, irrigation, mowing, fertilization, and weed and pest control. Key recommendations include selecting the right grass variety, maintaining proper soil pH and nutrient levels through testing and amendments, following best mowing practices, and identifying and managing common lawn weeds, insects and diseases. The document aims to help homeowners establish and care for healthy, sustainable lawns.
The document provides information on selecting and maintaining turfgrass varieties. It discusses key terminology used to identify grass parts. Several cool-season and warm-season grass varieties adapted to Wyoming are described, including their characteristics, water needs, and seeding rates. The steps for establishing a new lawn from seed or sod are outlined, including soil preparation, planting, watering, and initial mowing. Ongoing maintenance recommendations are provided for the different seasons, such as mowing height, watering, fertilizing, and controlling pests.
The document provides guidance on using the square foot gardening method to grow vegetables in a small space. It explains that a 120cm by 120cm plot is divided into 16 squares, each planted with a different crop. Proper planning is required to rotate crops and arrange taller plants in back. The soil is improved before planting by adding compost and manure. Seeds are planted through station sowing rather than rows to maximize the space. With careful planning, a wide variety of crops can be grown in this small area.
Turf establishment begins with careful planning, knowledge of soil conditions, and an understanding of the environmental and cultural requirements of turfgrasses.
This document provides information on growing hops in home gardens. It discusses the biology of hops, including that they are rhizomatous perennial plants that are dioecious. It recommends selecting female hop varieties for home use as they produce cones used for brewing and ornamental purposes. The document describes how to propagate hops through rhizomes or stem cuttings and establishes that they grow best in sunny, well-drained locations. It provides guidance on planting, training, fertilizing, irrigating, and harvesting hops. Common diseases like downy and powdery mildew that can affect hops are also mentioned.
10. Kitchen gardening A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides guidance on kitchen gardening in 6 steps: 1) selecting a site that gets full sun and has good irrigation, 2) deciding garden size, 3) preparing soil by tilling and adding compost, 4) selecting crops suited to the climate and planting schedule, 5) maintaining the garden through irrigation, weeding, and pest control, and 6) harvesting produce. Key recommendations include building raised beds for easier access and warmer soil, starting seeds indoors for crops with long seasons, and using drip irrigation and mulch to conserve water. The goal is to harvest fresh vegetables every month through succession planting and selecting crops for each growing season.
Unlock the secrets of how to grow dill with this informative presentation. From seed to harvest, learn the essential steps, best practices, and expert tips for increasing vibrant and aromatic dill in your garden or indoor space. Explore the ideal growing conditions, soil requirements, watering schedule, and pest management strategies to ensure a bountiful harvest of this flavorful herb.
Bureau of Plant and Industry Davao Region in the Philippines
Nursery establishment for cacao seedlings are similar to most tree crop nurseries.
Young seedlings require ample shading, adequate supply of clean water and drainage.
Cashew is commonly propagated through seeds, which results in genetic variation. Vegetative propagation through methods like grafting, layering, and cuttings conserves the desirable traits of elite mother plants. The document provides detailed instructions on seed collection, storage and sowing techniques. It also describes vegetative propagation methods and nursery management practices like transplanting seedlings, pest and disease control, and preparing plants for field planting. Maintaining proper growing conditions is important for high survival rates of propagated plants.
Growing and Preserving Your Own Fruits and VegetablesSherry Ellis
Reap the benefits of growing your own fruits and vegetables by learning how to plan and maintain a garden. You will also learn about which plants work together and which don't, and how to can and preserve the fruits of your labors, so they can be enjoyed year-round.
Vegetative propagation is an important technique in modern Indian agriculture to increase crop yields. It involves reproducing plants through plant parts like stems, roots, and leaves rather than seeds. The key types of vegetative propagation discussed are cuttings, layering, and grafting. Cuttings involve propagating plants from stem, root, or leaf cuttings taken from a mother plant. Layering causes a stem to root while still attached to the parent plant. Grafting involves joining tissue from one plant onto another to propagate commercially important crops like mangoes. Vegetative propagation allows for mass production of plants with desired traits and is widely used in horticultural nurseries.
Vegetative propagation is an important technique in modern Indian agriculture to increase crop yields. It involves reproducing plants through plant parts like stems, roots, and leaves rather than seeds. The key types of vegetative propagation discussed are cuttings, layering, and grafting. Cuttings involve propagating plants from stem, root, or leaf cuttings taken from a mother plant. Layering causes a stem to root while still attached to the parent plant. Grafting involves joining tissue from one plant onto another to propagate commercially important crops like mangoes. Vegetative propagation allows for mass production of plants with desired traits and is widely used in horticultural nurseries.
This document discusses vegetative propagation, an important technique in modern Indian agriculture. Vegetative propagation involves reproducing plants through plant parts like stems, roots, and leaves rather than seeds, allowing for mass production of plants with desired traits. Some common vegetative propagation methods described include stem and root cuttings, layering, and grafting. Layering involves inducing roots to grow on stems still attached to the parent plant, while grafting joins tissue from two plants. Vegetative propagation is useful for reproducing plants that are difficult to grow from seed and maintaining genetic uniformity.
This presentation you can know more about nature and use this for school reasons this was made by joseph benny arakkal i think this is a perfect presentation for nature childrens can use this teachers can use this contact me thru my mail jbaluva@gmail.com to get more power points i had made more i can make you a custom for free hope you liked my power point
The document discusses urban agriculture and container farming as approaches to address issues with the high cost of food in cities. Container farming allows city dwellers to grow their own fresh fruits and vegetables using recycled containers. It has several benefits including saving money, helping beautify cities by reusing waste, reducing garbage, and providing spiritual and emotional benefits to individuals. The document then provides a step-by-step guide to successful container farming covering topics like planning, choosing crops, soil preparation, and container selection.
This document provides information on cultivating citrus nursery trees including propagation, rootstock collection and seedling care. It discusses that grafting is commonly used to propagate trees and transmit diseases. It is important to use certified disease-free scion wood and control insect vectors. The document outlines best practices for collecting and treating rootstock seeds, growing seedlings, grafting, and caring for nursery trees and facilities to produce healthy plants free of pests and pathogens.
This document provides information on cultivating citrus nursery trees including propagation, rootstock collection and seedling care. It discusses that grafting is commonly used to propagate trees and transmit diseases. It is important to use certified disease-free scion wood and control insect vectors. The document outlines best practices for collecting and treating rootstock seeds, growing seedlings, grafting, and caring for nursery trees to produce healthy plants free of viruses and diseases.
- Gardening on rooftops and terraces, known as roof gardening or terrace gardening, allows people to grow plants even if they do not have yard space.
- Some benefits of roof gardening include producing one's own organic fruits and vegetables, reducing indoor temperatures, improving air quality, and providing stress relief and mental well-being.
- Suitable plants include various vegetables, herbs, fruits, flowers, and even small trees or shrubs. Proper growing media, watering, fertilizing, pest management, and protection from harsh weather are keys to success.
This document discusses routine nursery practices in horticulture. It covers sanitation, drainage, training, and pruning techniques used in nurseries. It also discusses potting, repotting, and mulching of nursery plants. The use of plant growth regulators like auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins to promote rooting and vegetative propagation is explained. Methods of applying growth regulators include soaking, quick dipping, and using lanoline paste. Proper nursery techniques help produce quality planting materials for transplanting.
To plant a tree successfully, one must select the right species for the location, dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball, create a pedestal for drainage, place the tree in the hole so the crown is level with the soil, backfill with native soil and compost or manure, water thoroughly, and mulch around the base to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Proper planting techniques help ensure the tree survives and thrives in its new home.
The group grew red chili using a fertigation system with drip irrigation to supply water and fertilizer. They planted hybrid seeds in nursery beds and transplanted seedlings to fields on ridges with drippers. Diseases like anthracnose and pests like aphids were controlled using resistant varieties and insecticides. The chili was harvested after 10-16 weeks and sold at farmers' markets for RM8-10/kg. Their production was estimated at 12,000kg from 3,000 plants on one acre.
New Students Gardening Pocket Guide - Basic Steps to Gardening with Special Focus on Small Gardens for the Classroom or Household
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
This document provides information on rose production technology. It discusses the classification of roses, their importance and uses, propagation methods including cutting, layering and budding, climate requirements, soil requirements, planting methods, aftercare including manuring, use of plant growth regulators, irrigation, weeding, mulching and pruning. The key aspects covered are the different types of roses, their propagation through cuttings and budding, climate and soil needs for rose cultivation, and maintenance practices like manuring, irrigation, weeding and pruning.
This document provides information on growing citrus fruits in the subtropical areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. It discusses the climate, soil, recommended varieties, planting methods, canopy management, irrigation, nutrition, harvesting, packaging, storage, yields, and diseases of citrus. The optimal temperature range for citrus growth is 13-37°C. Deep, well-draining soils between pH 5.5-7.5 are suitable. Varieties recommended include Mosambi, Jaffa, and Malta Blood Red. Proper pruning, irrigation, fertilization, and integrated pest management are needed to maximize yields of 50-55 kg per plant.
Recipes for Growing High Quality Seed with Jodi Lew-Smithacornorganic
This document provides guidance on growing high quality seed. It discusses key factors like genetic purity, isolation distances, and post-harvest handling. Seed quality is determined by germination rate and vigor. The basic recipe is strong fertility, good airflow/disease control, full maturity, and proper drying/storage. Wet-seeded crops like cucurbits and tomatoes and dry-seeded crops like mustards and brassicas are well-suited for the Northeast. New methods like using high tunnels allow growing biennial seed crops and expanding the varieties that can be grown. Passion and dedicating several years to learning are important for those starting seed production.
Presentasi menjelaskan bagaimana ekonomi sosial menjadi penting dalam era digital saat ini. Pengguna sekarang mengharapkan pengalaman sosial melalui nilai pribadi, pengakuan, dan jejaring sosial. MicroAid memenangkan kompetisi global dengan solusi sederhana yang menciptakan nilai bagi pengguna melalui foto di ponsel. Aplikasi modal sosial MicroAid membantu petani terhubung dan membangun bisnis baru.
This document outlines the 11 step process for growing patchouli for essential oil production. The steps include: 1) choosing a suitable location, 2) making a nursery and growing seedlings, 3) preparing the land, 4) planting the seedlings, 5) caring for the crop, 6) watching for pests and diseases, 7) harvesting, 8) processing the crop, 9) collecting the oil through distillation, 10) storing the oil, and 11) selling the oil. The document encourages farmers to focus on high quality root stock, maintenance, and access to a distillery to obtain good quality patchouli essential oil.
MicroAid is a UK-based charity that provides support to poor families in 7 countries through local community partners. It helps families learn new skills to start home businesses and sells their products through its website. It provides learning materials, small grants and connects families to buyers. The document describes MicroAid's work in different countries and shares stories of families who have started businesses and improved their lives and incomes with MicroAid's support.
MicroAid provides a new way of empowering the poor. Learning business skills through multimedia guides, practice and tryout to make the product, then sell the product in the global market
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This document provides instructions for making emping melinjo crisps from melinjo fruits in Indonesia. It describes collecting ripe melinjo fruits, peeling the skins to leave just the seeds, drying the seeds by frying them in hot sand to soften them, shaping the hot seeds into flat crisps using a hammer, and drying the crisps in the sun before packaging and selling them. Contact information is provided for several sellers of emping melinjo crisps in Indonesia.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan instruksi lengkap untuk membuat keripik emping melinjo, mulai dari pengambilan buah melinjo, penggorengannya dengan pasir, pembentukannya menjadi emping, hingga penjemuran dan penjualannya. Diberikan contoh beberapa produsen emping melinjo di Aceh beserta kontak mereka.
The document describes an application called MicroAid that aims to provide livelihood information and connect producers at the bottom of the pyramid with resources and markets through online tools and a mobile app. It discusses challenges around availability, understandability, cost, and targeting of livelihood information for those in need. The proposed solution is to create learning tools, a producer database, and a mobile app to help producers improve products, find groups and discuss best practices, and market to buyers.
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MicroAid Ball 2010 was a charity event to raise funds for MicroAid Projects, which helps poor families in developing countries learn new skills to create income and eradicate poverty through small business projects. The document discusses how MicroAid Projects works directly with families and community partners in countries like Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya and Uganda to identify small business ideas, fund and implement them. It provides examples of past projects like leather wallets, yoghurt, hand fans and footballs. The document encourages donors to join for as little as £20 per month, which would be used to continue empowering families with opportunity and fighting injustice one family at a time.
A short presentation how Tovan, a young man who wants to be a farmer, with his family in his village to make an interesting idea that could be used by other farmers to increase rice production
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
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of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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1. PATCHOULI
Example Set of Flash
Cards Slide Show
START
Text with underline is clickable
2. STEPS
1. Choose Location 9. Distillation
2. Make a nursery 10. Why Patchouli?
3. Prepare land 11. Supply Chain
4. Planting 12. Contacts
5. Maintenance 13. Finance
6. Pests and 14. Business Plan
Diseases 15. Tips
7. Harvest
8. Post-Harvest
Text with underline is clickable
3. Choose Location
• 50 to 400m • Fertile soil
above sea level
• Good drainage
• High
temperature and • Enough sunlight
humidity • Near distillery
Continue to checklist
Text with underline is clickable
4. Choose Location [checklist]
• Patchouli growing area starts from
500 sq metres
• 50 to 400-metre-high above sea
level
• High temperature and humidity
• Enough sunlight - not shielded by
tall trees
• Fertile and crumbly soil with
plenty of natural nutrient
• Good drainage no stagnant water
• Near distillery
Text with underline is clickable
5. Make a Nursery
• Learn nursery • Wait for root
cuttings skills growth
• Find good, local • Use poly bags
parent plants
• Use correct • Make shade
cutting sizes house
• Stimulate roots
Continue to checklist 1
Text with underline is clickable
6. Make a Nursery [checklist 1]
Patchouli nursery from cuttings
from a good and chosen parent
plant. Learn how to do it from
Department of Agriculture's
instructors. Grow the cutting
first using a polybag.
Parent plants - Select from a
patchouli parent plant from
local variety with good growth
and no disease. Cutting sizes -
branch/stem diameter for
cutting is 0.8 - 1 cm. The length
of a cutting 15 - 25 cm and has
at least six buds.
Root stimulant - Remove all the leaves
except 4 small leaves on the top, then soak
the tip of the cuttings stem in a root
stimulating organic liquid fertilizer for 5
minutes.
Continue to checklist 2
Text with underline is clickable
7. Make a Nursery [checklist 2]
Root growth - tie the cuttings together with
50 - 100 other patchouli cuttings stems and
leave for 15 days.
Polybag - When the root and the
leaves start to grow, move the
cuttings into a polybag filled with
the following evenly-mixed
materials: 10 kgs of soil, 12.5 kgs
of husk, 2.5 kgs of sand, and 10
kgs of animal compost. Grow the
cuttings in the polybag for 2
months at most.
Make a shade house - The shade
house is 180-cm-high on the east
side and 120-cm-high on the west
side so the sunlight can shine in.
Cover the top of the shade house
with leaves or plastic net so the
sunlight does not shine directly
onto the cuttings. Place the
polybags in shade house.
Text with underline is clickable
8. Prepare Land
• Clear land
• Prune trees
• Add drainage if necessary
Continue to checklist
Text with underline is clickable
9. Prepare Land [checklist ]
Preparing the land for patchouli cultivation
requires the following steps:
• Prepare land by clearing
grass and shrubs
• Prune the branches and
leaves of tall trees around the
growing area
• If flat land, make a trench
to avoid stagnant water. For
sloping land, drainage is not
necessary
Text with underline is clickable
10. Planting
• Plant spaces
• Make holes
• Use nursery cuttings
• Lie cutting flat
• Cover with soil
• Wet planting time
Continue to checklist
Text with underline is clickable
11. Planting [checklist 1]
The steps in planting patchouli are:
Measure the space between
plants since it is a very
important issue for fully-grown
patchoulis. An ideal planting
space for a fertile land is 100 cm
x 100 cm or 1 metre square,
whereas a less-fertile land (such
as terracota) requires 60 cm x
60 cm spacing.
Make plant holes (5-cm-deep).
After the cuttings are taken
from the parent plant's stem, it
can be planted in the land right
away, but this method has high
risk of dead cuttings. It is
recommended to use a cuttings
that has been planted in a
polybag before. (See 3 Make a
nursery)
Continue to checklist 2
Text with underline is clickable
12. Planting [checklist 2]
Put the cuttings in the plant
hole. The stem's position
should be flat on the ground
and sideways.
Cover with soil and use your
foot to press it gently so the
cuttings could blend with the
soil.
Plant at the beginning of the
rain/wet season Young
patchouli cuttings need shade
from leaves or by planting
temporary shading crops such
as maize in between the
patchouli plants. Maize will be
ready to be harvested in 3-4
months after which patchouli
cuttings are well established
Text with underline is clickable
13. Maintenance
• Weeding
• Disease spotting
• Trimming
• Recovery
Continue to checklist
Text with underline is clickable
14. Maintenance [checklist 1]
There are several steps that has
to be done in maintaining
patchouli plant:
Clear the area from weeds and
other un supporting plants
regularly, using hoes and
machetes. Be careful not to
disturb the roots and cause
disease to the patchouli plants.
Stitching is done after the
plants aged 2 - 4 weeks, by
removing dead plants or plants
infected by pests and diseases.
Burn or dispose those dead
plants away from the planting
area to avoid spreading disease.
Continue to checklist 2
Text with underline is clickable
15. Maintenance [checklist 2]
Trimming after the plants are
3-month-old and clumps are
formed that touch other
patchouli plants. Trimming is
to the third branch and above.
Recovery is done after
harvesting. The
branches, stems and twigs that
are left behind after harvest
and are close to the ground
are covered with 10-to-15-cm-
thick of soil.
Break the tips of the branches
that are far from the ground
(but make sure that they are
still connected) and cover the
broken cuttings with soil so
that patchouli tillers will grow
and may produce more crop.
Text with underline is clickable
16. Why Patchouli?
Simple Crop and
High Selling Price
Patchouli, a member of the mint family, is
easy to cultivate and produces essential oil
with quite a high selling price.
To obtain good quality essential oil, farmers
need to focus on obtaining good root stock ,
perform maintenance on a regular basis, and
have access to a distillery where dried
leaves are purchased per kilo.
Continue to requirement
Text with underline is clickable
17. Simple Crop and
High Selling Price
Patchouli can be harvested every 2 - 3
months, that is why it makes a very good
alternative source of family income.
ARE YOU READY TO GROW PATCHOULI?
Requirement
Market : Distillery
Finance : < $100
Skill : Agriculture
Resources : >500m land
Text with underline is clickable
18. Decision Making Steps
1. Why Patchouli?
2. Do you have a buyer?
3. Do you have the skills?
4. Do you have the land / resources?
5. Is Cash available?
6. What contacts do you have?
7. Discuss with family and friends
8. Do you have time?
9. Decide!
Text with underline is clickable
20. Contacts
Web:
•http://www.oiscajfpr.org/home/program/nilam
•http://livelihoodmembersdatabase.appspot.com/li
vecenter
PIM Online:
•http://apps.facebook.com/pimdesigner/
Alex Halvachs, Payan Bertrand
Mobile : 081362437177
Email : timhalvachs@hotmail.com
Text with underline is clickable
21. Finance - Revenue
REVENUE
Total 12 kgs of
Production: Essential Oil
Selling
Rp 300,000
Price:
Total Production (Kg) x Selling
Revenue: Rp. 6,600,000
Price (Rp)
Kg x
12 550,000
Rp.
• See Capital
• See Profit
Text with underline is clickable
22. Finance - Capital
CAPITAL
Type of
No Steps Capital
Capital
1 Location Selection
2 Nursery 100,000 Seasonal
3 Land Preparation
Farming Tools (hoes,
Fixed
machetes, etc.) 170,000
4 Planting 100,000 Seasonal
5 Maintenance
6 Pests and Diseases Control
7 Harvesting 100,000 Seasonal
8 Post-Harvest
Cost of Distillation 1,200,000 Seasonal
Total Fixed Capital
Only at
(Only disbursed in the beginning of 170,000
start up
the process)
Total Seasonal Capital Disbursed
(Needed in every cultivation 1,500,000 every
season) season
Total Initial Capital 1,670,000
Remarks:
Capital estimation is made in accordance to the condition
-
of a 25 m x 25 m area.
The cost of essential oil distillation is assumed to be about
-
Rp. 100.000,- per kilogram of essential oil extracted.
Text with underline is clickable