Turf establishment begins with careful planning, knowledge of soil conditions, and an understanding of the environmental and cultural requirements of turfgrasses.
Xeriscaping (often incorrectly spelled zero-scaping or xeroscaping) is landscaping and gardening that reduces or eliminates the need for supplemental water from irrigation.
Xeriscaping (often incorrectly spelled zero-scaping or xeroscaping) is landscaping and gardening that reduces or eliminates the need for supplemental water from irrigation.
EVERYTHING UNDER PLANNING AND SEETING UP OF AN ORCHARD. A COMPLETE GUIDE FOR HORTICULTURE STUDENTS. VARIOUS PLANTING SYSTEMS, THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
Establishment and maintenance of lawn is skilled and technical, for establishing good lawn handy hints are provided, such as selection of grasses, planting, maintenance, weeding, irrigation, lawn protection etc., are covered
A climber is a part that grows upwards by attaching itself to other plants or objects.
Uses of Climbers
Flower Cultivation and Landscape Gardening
Landscaping Uses of Climbers
A tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most specie, they give a mass effect and beautiful look to the localities.
The cultivation of tree is called arboriculture.
The place where trees are grown either for landscaping or for scientific study is known as arboretum
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Lawn Installation & Maintenance Guide By Daleys TurfDaleysturf
Daleys Turf are proud to have supplied you with your premium new lawn turf. It’s important to remember that your new lawn should be laid within twenty-four hours of receiving your freshly cut Daleys turf. Here’s your essential guide to creating the ‘Best Lawn in the Street’.
EVERYTHING UNDER PLANNING AND SEETING UP OF AN ORCHARD. A COMPLETE GUIDE FOR HORTICULTURE STUDENTS. VARIOUS PLANTING SYSTEMS, THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
Establishment and maintenance of lawn is skilled and technical, for establishing good lawn handy hints are provided, such as selection of grasses, planting, maintenance, weeding, irrigation, lawn protection etc., are covered
A climber is a part that grows upwards by attaching itself to other plants or objects.
Uses of Climbers
Flower Cultivation and Landscape Gardening
Landscaping Uses of Climbers
A tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most specie, they give a mass effect and beautiful look to the localities.
The cultivation of tree is called arboriculture.
The place where trees are grown either for landscaping or for scientific study is known as arboretum
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Lawn Installation & Maintenance Guide By Daleys TurfDaleysturf
Daleys Turf are proud to have supplied you with your premium new lawn turf. It’s important to remember that your new lawn should be laid within twenty-four hours of receiving your freshly cut Daleys turf. Here’s your essential guide to creating the ‘Best Lawn in the Street’.
Noon Turf Care Spring 2012 Webinar | Lawn and Property Tips NoonTurfCareMA
This is Noon Turf Care's fall webinar from 2012. This was our second ever webinar and it was a huge success. We had over 50 people attend live.
Feel free to browse through this presentation and get some tips and tricks about lawn care, tree care, shrub care and fall and winterizing tips for your property.
Tree seedlings raising methods in a Forest Nursery using both soil and soilless growing media in a controlled environment. Traditional methods are used and compared with modern technology in raising healthy, vigorous seedlings for planting out in the field when they have reached the required nursery period. The traditional bed and box method where broadcat seed sowing is used is being replaced with spot seed sowing in polythene plots and planter flats which ultimately are being replaced by tissue culture.
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
42 .kitchen gardening a to z in pakistan A Series of Lectures By Mr. All...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (EIL).
Seeds begin to germinate as soils begin to warm up in early spring and continue to germinate throughout the growing season. Annual weeds complete their entire life cycle in a single growing season. However, some of these weeds can also be perennials or biennials.
There are many methods available to control pest plants. Often one method will not be sufficient to control serious weeds, and integrating several methods over a long period will be more successful. This approach is known as integrated weed management.
Insects are an important part of agricultural systems as pollinators, scavengers, and beneficial enemies of pests. Insects can also be pests that cause severe damage to crops and act as vectors for diseases.
Pests are unwanted plants, animals, insects, germs or other organisms that interfere with human activity. They may bite, destroy food crops, damage property, or otherwise make our lives more difficult.
Plant Disease Identification and Life CycleMark Valen
The chain of events that leads to the development of a disease is called the disease cycle – which may be different to the pathogen's life cycle. The incidence and severity of the majority of plant diseases vary on a distinct cyclic basis.
Pesticide application refers to the practical way in which pesticides, (including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, or nematode control agents) are delivered to their biological targets (e.g. pest organism, crop or other plant).
Planning and Calibration of Pesticide ApplicationMark Valen
Applying pesticides correctly involves diluting the product (except 'Ready-to-Use' formulations) to the appropriate concentration and using calibrated application equipment.
The application method you choose depends on such factors as the nature and habits of the target pest, characteristics of the target site, and properties of the pesticide formulation.
When spraying pesticides indoors, make sure the area is well ventilated. When applying pesticides as a spray or dust outside, avoid windy conditions and close the doors and windows to your home. After using pesticides, wash your hands before smoking or eating.
The primary federal statutes that give the EPA the authority to regulate pesticides are the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
Turfgrasses are narrow-leaved grass species that form a uniform, long-lived ground cover that can tolerate traffic and low mowing heights (usually two inches or below). Only a few grass species produce acceptable turf in the northern U.S.
Grass cutting is the major time-consuming operation in the maintenance of any turfgrass area. Good mowing practices are perhaps the most important single factor contributing to a well-groomed appearance and the longevity of any turfgrass area.
Cool-season grasses have adapted to grow well in areas of the country that experience tremendous temperature fluctuations: cold, freezing winters and hot, dry summers. However, these grasses grow best when temperatures are between 60-75 degree F, which is why they grow most actively in the spring and fall.
Maintenance needs are very closely tied to the amount of stress that exists in the growing environment, as well as the the expectations for turf performance.
Many are harmless, some are beneficial, and some are pests. Only a few cause significant damage and need immediate control. Keep in mind that insects are only one of many potential causes for thin or brown grass.
Introduction to Sustainable Energy StudiesMark Valen
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
1. Control noxious weeds
2. Rototill to remove debris
3. Add amendments
4. Rake and Roll and Level
5. Fertilize
6. Seed the Area
7. Water the Seeds
8. Mowing
9. Weeds
10. Fertilizing and Watering
3. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
1. Control noxious weeds
• Weeds that have underground reproductive structures can
easily re-infest a lawn. (bermuda, kikuyu, morning glory,
nutsedge)
• Treat with herbicide until control is achieved.
• There is always a chance that these weeds will appear at a
later date.
4. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
2. Rototill to remove debris
• Many homes have garbage and debris that has been buried
under the topsoil.
• Remove rocks, large twigs or branches, building materials,
and large clods.
• After tilling, a very rough grade can be raked out.
5. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
3. Add amendments
• Check the soil’s pH, the soil’s texture, and N-P-K levels.
• If needed, sulfur or lime can be added to correct the pH.
• Organic matter additions will help to improve soil structure,
open up tight clays, and improve water-holding capabilities
of sands.
• Gypsum may also be added to tight soils to improve
structure
• Rototill these amendments to a depth of 6-7”.
6. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
4. Rake and Roll and Level
• Rake the area as level as possible with landscape rakes.
• Roll the area to detect high and low spots.
• Repeat the above process two more times.
• If time allows, soak the area to settle low spots.
• Rake and roll again a few days after soaking.
• In general, the lower the turf is to be mowed, the more
rakings and rollings must be done.
8. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
5. Fertilize
• Even though you may have added amendments and
fertilizer earlier, it is very important to apply a fertilizer to
the surface before seeding.
• Use a balanced lawn food that has nitrogen, phosphorus,
and potassium.
• Lightly rake the fertilizer into the soil.
9. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
6. Seed the Area
• Apply seed at the recommend rate.
• Seed with one-half of the seed in a north-south direction
and the other one-half in an east-west direction.
• Use a drop spreader for best results.
• Avoid hand broadcasting of seed!
• Very lightly rake the seed in or lightly topdress with a fine
compost or ground bark product.
11. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
7. Water the Seeds
• Water the seeds just long enough to dampen the
topdressing or raked-in seeds without puddling!
• Water 2-4 times per day depending on the heat, sun, and
wind conditions.
• Best results are achieved with good sprinkler systems and
automatic controllers.
• Continue with this procedure until the seeds have
germinated and grown for at least one week.
12. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
8. Mowing
• Try to mow when grass gets 50% higher than the height in
which you wish to maintain the grass.
• Turn off the water the day before to avoid mowing the grass
when it is wet.
• Make sure the ground is firm enough to support the mower
without damaging the grass.
• If necessary, use a walk-behind mower the first few times
before using heavy, riding mowers.
13. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
9. Weeds
• Weeds will appear in any new lawn so expect them!
• Most weeds will disappear with regular mowing and
fertilizing the turf.
• Some weeds may need chemical treatment but wait until
the lawn has been mowed 3 or 4 times before you apply the
chemical.
• Read the label to determine if the chemical will harm your
new lawn!
14. 10 Steps to Proper Lawn Installation
10. Fertilizing and Watering
• Since new lawns are watered frequent, most of the original
fertilizer is gone in 3-4 weeks.
• A light application of fertilizer at this point will darken the
grass and make it thicker choking out weeds and
strengthening the turf.
• Water should be reduced in frequency and increased in
duration.
• Try to achieve a water cycle of every other day with your
new turf area by watering for longer periods of time.
15. Other Lawn Planting Methods
Other methods include
• Sodding
• Stolonizing
• Sprigging
• Plugging
Remember you should prepare the soil in the same
manner as you did for seeding
16. Sodding
• Level area about ½ - ¾ ”
below sidewalk or other
paving to allow for the
thickness of the sod.
• Lay in an overlapping
brickwork pattern
• Water at least twice per
day until roots are
rooted into existing soil.
17. Stolonizing
• Stolons are harvested at
a sod farm by
verticutting through
existing turf such as
hybrid bermuda.
• Stolons are broadcasted,
pressed into the soil,
topdressed, and watered
frequently (like seed)
18. Sprigging
• Long stolons are taken
from existing turf and
then each is physically
planted in long rows.
• A slower but cheaper
way of planting
bermuda, St. Augustine,
or Zoysia
• Water same as for
stolonizing
19. Plugging
• In this case, a flat of
grass is purchased and
cut into plugs with soil
and roots attached.
• Each plant is planted 6-
12” apart in a triangular
spacing methods.
• Watering is important
but not as critical as it is
for stolonizing and
sprigging.
