An Introduction to Hashing and Salting
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This document discusses secure ways to store user credentials and passwords. It introduces hashing and salting as techniques to securely store passwords. Hashing involves generating a unique string from a password, while salting adds a random string to the password before hashing. This prevents hashed passwords from being decrypted if the hash is obtained, and ensures even identical passwords have different hashes when salted differently. The document outlines how hashing and salting of passwords can be implemented when users register and login, providing a secure way to authenticate users without revealing their actual passwords.
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Key concepts of Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
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Ch14 fish and shelfish
This document provides an overview of fish and shellfish, including their composition, market forms, handling, storage, and classification. It discusses that fish are divided into fin fish and shellfish, and describes the protein, fat, water and mineral content of fish flesh. Various ways of cutting, dressing, filleting and portioning fish are illustrated. Guidelines are provided for checking fish freshness and properly storing fresh, frozen and processed fish and shellfish. Mollusks and crustaceans are classified and examples are given.
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Butter is made by churning cream in a churn until it separates into buttermilk and butter; the buttermilk is drained for cooking and the butter is shaped using patterns, making it ready for use.
Fish cookery
This document discusses different types of fish and shellfish as well as cuts of fish. It categorizes fish as round fish, flat fish, and shellfish including crustaceans, mollusks, and cephalopods. It describes various cuts of fish including fillets, suprêmes, darnes, goujons, paupiettes, and troncons. Finally, it provides tips for selecting fresh fish and shellfish.
Butter
Butter is made through a process of separating cream from milk, ripening the cream through culturing or aging, churning the cream to separate butterfat globules from buttermilk, washing and draining the buttermilk from the butter, and optional salting or packaging for storage. Modern butter making is more complex than traditional methods of shaking cream in animal skin pots and allows for butter with improved taste and shelf life.
Fish cuts
This document discusses cuts of fish and cooking methods. It defines common cuts of fish such as fillets, paupiettes, supremes, goujons, meuniere, tron, darne, mignon, pile, and medallions. Fillets are deboned long flat pieces of fish without skin. A paupiette is a fillet that has been stuffed and rolled. Several cuts like goujons are thin strips cut from fillets. Meuniere involves pan-frying fish and finishing it with butter, parsley and lemon juice. The document provides illustrations and descriptions of different fish cuts.
Market form of fish
Fresh fish spoils rapidly if not properly handled and should be kept frozen at 0°F or below. Whole or round fish require scaling and evisceration before cooking while drawn fish only require evisceration. Dressed fish are scaled, eviscerated, and may also have the head, tail, and fins removed, making smaller sizes ready to cook. Fillets are cut lengthwise from the fish and are practically boneless, requiring no preparation before cooking.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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An Introduction to Hashing and Salting
- 1. Secure way of Storing User Credentials An Introduction to Hashing and Salting
- 2. Why do I need a password anyway?
- 3. Why do I need a password anyway? Personal Computers If someone else gains access to your account, they may cause you a great deal of trouble ● Deleting your files ● Using it to hack other systems, ● Forging e-mail purporting to come from you
- 4. Why do I need a password anyway? (Web Scenario) ● Identifying Users ● Authenticating users for specific areas ● Securing user specific data from other users.
- 5. Password on the web - The Problem ● If you have something that is accessible on the web, it can be retrieved.
- 6. Lets try to hack a site for Passwords ● SQL Injection Demo
- 7. What should be done? ● Storing passwords in such a way that even if users somehow get hold of password hashes they should not be able to extract the passwords out of them.
- 8. Storing Passwords as Plain Text ● ● ● There is no security at all Anyone who has access to the database can easily get to know the password of all the users. Even a small part of application that is prone to Sql injection can reveal the password of all the users.
- 9. Storing Encrypted Passwords ● The good This approach is better than storing the passwords in plain text. ● The Bad If someone knows the encryption algorithm and the secret key that was used for encryption then he could decrypt the passwords easily
- 10. What is Hashing ● ● Hashing is the process of generating a number or a unique string for a larger string message. The hash for every string message should be unique and there is no way the original message can be reproduced from its hash value.
- 11. Storing Password Hashes – The Good ● ● ● So the even better approach would be to store the password hashes in the table. This way there is no way to regenerate the password from the hash. Whenever the user tries to log in, we will generate the hash for the password using the same hashing algorithm and then compare it with the hash stored in the database to check whether the password is correct or not.
- 12. Storing Password Hashes – The Bad The problem here is that the user1 and user4 choose the same password and thus their generated password hash is also same.
- 13. Could we not device a technique which will store provide us all the benefits of hashing and will also remove the limitations associated with it?
- 14. Salting and Hashing of Passwords ● ● Salting is a technique in which we add a random string to the user entered password and then hash the resulting string. Even if two people have chosen the same password, the salt for them will be different.
- 15. Lets visualize it Even though the user1 and user4 has chosen same password their salt value is different and thus the resultant hash value is also different.
- 16. User Creation Process 1. User enters a password. 2. A random salt value is generated for the user. 3. The salt value is added to the password and a final string is generated. 4. The hash for the final string is calculated. 5. The hash and the salt is stored in the database for this user.
- 17. User tries to log in 1. User enters his user id. 2. The user is used to retrieve the users password hash and salt stored in the database. 3. The user enters his password. 4. The retrieved salt is added to this password and a final string is generated. 5. The hash for the final string is calculated. 6. This calculated hash is compared with the hash value retrieved from the database. 7. If it matches the password is correct otherwise not.
- 18. References ● ● http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/608860/A-Beginners-Tutor Self Pace training kit (MCTS 70-516) – Chapter 8, Lesson 3.