This document discusses the key parts of a sentence including the subject, predicate, direct object, indirect object, and adverbials. It provides examples of different types of sentences and identifies the subject and predicate. It also explains concepts like transitive and intransitive verbs, complements, and how to identify adverbials. Examples are used throughout to illustrate parts of sentences.

1. University of the Punjab
Department of English Language &
Literature

2. Parts of a Sentence
Presented to: Ms Amna Shahid
Presented by: Zeeshan Shaukat
Roll No. 41
Zeeshan Shaukat

3. Look at These Sentences
1. Colourless green ideas sleep
furiously.
2. An ant crushes an elephant.
3. My white cat is black.
4. Love many people to football watch.
5. Doll the beautiful by me is bought.
Zeeshan Shaukat

4. Parts of a Sentence
• S = Subject
• P= Predicate
 V = Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
 DO = Direct Object
 IO = Indirect Object
 OC = Object Complement
 Adverbial Zeeshan Shaukat

5. Students studied.
Children play.
Zeeshan Shaukat

6. A sentence is…
• A group of words with a
subject and verb that
expresses a complete thought.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
The dog barked at the mailman.
Zeeshan Shaukat

7. Sentence Fragments
• A sentence fragment is a group of words that
looks like a sentence but….
 does not contain both a subject and a verb OR
 does not express a complete thought.
F / S When I get home
F / S Ran as fast as humanly possible
F / S Several decided not to attend
Zeeshan Shaukat

8. SUBJECT
• The (complete) subject is the part of a
sentence about which something is being said.
• It tells WHAT or WHOM the sentence is about.
• It DOES something or is TALKED ABOUT.
1. A line of people waited to see the movie.
2. Standing in line were several applicants.
3. The day of the performance arrived.
Zeeshan Shaukat

9. Compound Subjects
• When two or more subjects have the same
verb, it is called a compound subject.
• Usually joined by “and” or “or”
1. Ali, Ahmad, and Junaid carried their books.
2. Either Islamabad or Murree is our destination.
3. English and science are exciting classes.
Zeeshan Shaukat

10. Find the Subject
• Why are you looking so nervous in
this company?
• What an exciting match it was!
• Why does performing in a concert
worry you so much?
Zeeshan Shaukat

11. PREDICATE
• The predicate is the part that says
something about the subject. It contains
the VERB.
• Everything that is not part of the
subject of the sentence.
• Predicate comes from a Latin word
praedicare meaning to assert.
• A predicate asserts or says
something about the subject of the
sentence.
Zeeshan Shaukat

12. PREDICATE
1. Ishfaq Ahmad wrote several books.
2. The movie star signed autographs for
hours.
3. Tahir, the minister, took a walk outside
today.
4. After the ceremony, the captain will sign
autographs.
5. The small village is located near the river.
Zeeshan Shaukat

13. COMPLEMENTS
Words that complete the meaning of a verb are
called complements.
1. I have a test today.
2. The sun feels hot on my shoulders.
3. The management has appointed
Hafeez the captain of the team.
Zeeshan Shaukat

14. COMPLEMENTS
• Subject-complement says something
about the Subject of the sentence, for
example what it is or what it is like.
This picture is nice.
• Object-complement says something
about the direct object of a sentence.
They made him chairman.
Zeeshan Shaukat

15. DIRECT OBJECT
• The direct object receives the action expressed
by the verb or names the result of the action.
• Answers the question WHAT or WHOM after the
verb
SUBJECT VERB D.O.
1. Volunteers distributed food at the shelter.
SUBJECT VERB D.O.
2. We watched the performance.
3. The researchers followed the research pattern.
Zeeshan Shaukat

16. INDIRECT OBJECT
• The indirect object precedes the direct
object and tells TO WHOM or FOR WHOM the
action of the verb is done.
• Found by asking the question TO WHOM or
FOR WHOM after the direct object
SUBJECT VERB I.O. D.O.
1. My parents gave me a cake for my birthday.
SUBJECT VERB I.O. D.O.
2. He would not tell you a lie.
3. She sent her mother some earrings.Zeeshan Shaukat

17. INDIRECT OBJECT
• Indirect Objects can be rephrased as
prepositional phrases after the direct object
The dog brought his bone to me. (prep
phrase)
The dog brought me his bone. (indirect
object)
• SEND, LEND, BRING, GIVE
Zeeshan Shaukat

18. Points to Remember
• A direct object and an object-
complement always refer to the same
person or thing:
They elected Ali chairman.
(Ali = chairman)
• An object-complement follows the direct
object:
We've appointed Susan the union rep.
(Susan = the union rep)Zeeshan Shaukat

19. Points to Remember
• Direct and indirect objects always refer to
different people or things:
She lent me her new camera.
(me her new camera)
• An indirect object precedes a direct object.
They gave her a present.
• (direct object 'a present'; indirect object
'her')
Zeeshan Shaukat

20. Points to Remember
• An indirect object can generally be replaced
by a word-group beginning with to or for
whereas the direct object in front of an
object-complement cannot be replaced in
this way:
She lent her new camera to me.
They gave a present to her.
Zeeshan Shaukat

21. Transitive/Intransitive Verbs
• A verb that has a direct object is called a
Transitive verb:
Rizwan kicked the ball angrily.
Where did you buy that book?
• A verb that is followed by both an indirect
object and a direct object is ditransitive.
I've brought you some fIowers.
Zeeshan Shaukat

22. Transitive/Intransitive Verbs
• A verb that does not have a direct object is
called an Intransitive verb:
A friend of mine lives in Delhi.
My aunt is coming next weekend.
Zeeshan Shaukat

23. Circle the Direct Objects and underline
the Indirect Objects
1. I will give you my answer tomorrow.
2. Get me some new pens when you're in
town, please.
3. There are plans to teach
schoolchildren first aid.
4. Don't forget to take your wife some
flowers.
5. Tell me a story.
Zeeshan Shaukat

24. Adverbials
• Describe where, when, why, how, for
whom, with what, how much, etc. the action
described in the sentence is carried out.
1.I’ll see you at the match.
2.Are you coming this evening?
3.Atif sings melodiously.
4.You'll have to cut it with a knife.
Zeeshan Shaukat

25. Adverbials or Complements
• Adverbials/Adjuncts give information
about the action or state described by the
verb of the sentence, whereas
complements give information about the
subject or object of the sentence
Zeeshan Shaukat

26. Adverbials
You have behaved foolishly.
(Adverbial -that is how you have behaved)
You have been foolish.
(subject-complement -that is what you have
been)
Amir paints beautifully.
(Adverbial -that is how Amir paints)
Zeeshan Shaukat

27. Two men were walking along the street
when one fell into a hole and broke his leg.
• 'Quick, ' he said to his friend 'Call me an
ambulance. '
•'Okay, ' said the other man 'You're an
ambulance. '
Structural Ambiguity
Zeeshan Shaukat

28. ? ? ? ? ? ?
Zeeshan Shaukat