This document discusses adverb clauses. It defines an adverb clause as a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb by providing information about when, where, how, why, to what extent, or under what condition. Adverb clauses can be found anywhere in a sentence and are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like after, as, before, since, until. Examples of adverb clauses and their functions are provided.

1. The Adverb Clause How? Where? When? Why? To what extent? Under what condition?

2. Where can you find an adverb ? Adverbs modify : VERBS , ADJECTIVES , and other ADVERBS

3. … therefore you can find them: Nearly anywhere in the sentence… However, they are usually near the verb , adjective or adverb they modify (but not always) Examples : He can run fast . (tells: how he can run) She really likes soccer. (tells: to what extent, she likes…)

4. More Examples : They can swim really quickly . (modifies the adverb quickly . It answers – How quickly?) He is not enjoying this activity. (Just remember the word not is always an adverb .) She is always late for class. (The words always , never , sometimes , rarely , etc. are also adverbs )

5. Adverbs answer where … Your book is here . Your pencil is there . The birds are flying high . The plane is flying by .

6. Adverbs answer when … He came home late . She woke early . They are performing now . She will do her homework later .

7. Unlike an adverb or an adverb phrase , an adverb clause has a subject and a verb ADVERB : They will leave soon . ADVERB PHRASE : They will leave ( in a few minutes ) . ADVERB CLAUSE : They will leave when they are ready . S V

8. Definition… An adverb clause is a subordinate (dependent clause) that modifies a verb , an adjective , or an adverb . Like an adverb an adverb clause tells where , when , how , why , to what extent or under what condition.

9. Adverb Clauses can also be found nearly anywhere in the sentence… … beginning, middle or end… EXAMPLES : You may sit wherever you wish . (modifies the verb sit and tells where ) When spring sets in , many students go crazy. (modifies the verb go and tells when ) Rachel and Sloane look as though they have some exciting news for us . (modifies the verb look , telling how R. and S. look )

10. More examples… Happy because she made an A , Katie hurried to phone her mom. (modifies the adjective Happy , telling why Katie was happy.) Jake can climb higher than I can . (modifies the adverb higher , telling to what extent or how much higher Jake can climb) If it does not rain tomorrow , we will go to the beach for class. (modifies the verb will go , telling under what condition we will go to the beach.)

11. COMMA RULES… When an adverb clause begins a sentence, it is followed by a comma . ,

12. Subordinating Conjunctions: An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction —a word that shows the relationship between the adverb clause and the word or words that the clause modifies .

13. Common Subordinating Conjunctions: after as though since when although because so that whenever as before than where as if how though wherever as long as if unless whether as soon as in order that until while

14. NOTE! The words after , as , before , since , and until are also commonly used as prepositions . Example : PREPOSITION : (After lunch ) we’ll finish building the rocket. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION : After you wash the dishes , you can make the bed.

15. SUBORDINATE (DEPENDENT) CLAUSES: Adjective Clause Adverb Clause Noun Clause Relative Relative Subordinating Pronoun Adverb Conjunction