This document discusses participation in human rights discourse and different models of democracy. It argues that the human rights discourse is dominated by privileged voices and excludes the disadvantaged. It also asserts that representative democracy disempowers citizens by delegating decision-making power. The document then presents four proposals to make democracy more participatory: citizens' initiated referendums, deliberative democracy, electronic democracy, and decentralized democracy. It concludes that participatory democracy is essential for realizing human rights and that social workers should work to encourage participation, especially of marginalized groups, at both the local and global levels.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
A discussion of the role of communication in supporting the representative nature of western democracies. Second lecture for final year students on the Political Communication option in Bournemouth University
This was a talk to George Washington University students about how the process of government and politics is becoming 'mediatised'. By that I mean that the process of creating and implementing policies, as well as reporting and deliberating upon politics, is becoming saturated in an unprecedented volume and variety of sources, platforms and content creators. This creates a kind of networked politics. This has good aspects and bad.
This is a lecture given to visiting GWU students to introduce them to the political media landscape of the UK in the run up to the 2015 General Election. It shows how journalism has become networked as has political communication. It discusses whether this has improved the quality of political debate.
Media Influences on the Values of Citizenship in Public Opinioninventionjournals
We have changed the modern citizenship deeply classic image of the Moat; n where is the freedom of expression and belief of the underlying assets on which the democratic legal system of the State, as is the media in various forms of the most important means of expression of freedom of opinion in the modern world, but with developments developments in various areas of human life, the events and phenomena and developments lost the first simplicity, as modern technology essential variable in this measure, which pushed for the emergence of media specialist can provide treatment quality is characterized by a level of seriousness and depth and inclusiveness, and diversity of the functions of the media The transition from classical to transfer the news to address the situation concerns become one of the necessities of life, it is as a link between all institutions and constituents, social construction components and on it are explained and provide what each social other institution; they lead the media a very important and serious role in formation of public opinion and in its composition, and in mobilizing communities and mobilized around the ideas and opinions of certain trends. The free spread of information contributed by the new media in creating great potential to move popular on the basis of a broad and accurate knowledge of political events, and thus influence the perception of the citizen as their effects in the formation of public opinion trends vary depending communicative environments that through which the receiving operations, it vary depending on the means of print and audio and visual media.
A discussion of the role of communication in supporting the representative nature of western democracies. Second lecture for final year students on the Political Communication option in Bournemouth University
This was a talk to George Washington University students about how the process of government and politics is becoming 'mediatised'. By that I mean that the process of creating and implementing policies, as well as reporting and deliberating upon politics, is becoming saturated in an unprecedented volume and variety of sources, platforms and content creators. This creates a kind of networked politics. This has good aspects and bad.
This is a lecture given to visiting GWU students to introduce them to the political media landscape of the UK in the run up to the 2015 General Election. It shows how journalism has become networked as has political communication. It discusses whether this has improved the quality of political debate.
Media Influences on the Values of Citizenship in Public Opinioninventionjournals
We have changed the modern citizenship deeply classic image of the Moat; n where is the freedom of expression and belief of the underlying assets on which the democratic legal system of the State, as is the media in various forms of the most important means of expression of freedom of opinion in the modern world, but with developments developments in various areas of human life, the events and phenomena and developments lost the first simplicity, as modern technology essential variable in this measure, which pushed for the emergence of media specialist can provide treatment quality is characterized by a level of seriousness and depth and inclusiveness, and diversity of the functions of the media The transition from classical to transfer the news to address the situation concerns become one of the necessities of life, it is as a link between all institutions and constituents, social construction components and on it are explained and provide what each social other institution; they lead the media a very important and serious role in formation of public opinion and in its composition, and in mobilizing communities and mobilized around the ideas and opinions of certain trends. The free spread of information contributed by the new media in creating great potential to move popular on the basis of a broad and accurate knowledge of political events, and thus influence the perception of the citizen as their effects in the formation of public opinion trends vary depending communicative environments that through which the receiving operations, it vary depending on the means of print and audio and visual media.
These accessories are made from lightweight metal or suitable alloys for convenient usage and long life to deliver a rewarding and enjoyable photo shoot...
Shree Ramchandra Education" established an educational Institute in 2011. There are five branches of Engineering Degree Mechanical, Civil, E&TC, Electrical and Computer and three branches of Diploma Course in Mechanical, Civil & Electrical Branches. We also have Post Graduate Course in Mechanical, E&TC and Computer.
MEEA collaborated with The Cadmus Group to conduct a study of utility energy efficiency investments and savings throughout the Midwest to determine their economic impact. The study uses a dynamic forecast model to study the economic impacts of energy efficiency investments specific to four target regions: 1) Indiana, 2) Michigan, 3) Ohio and 4) the Midwest region. This webinar walked through the findings of this study and included presentations from Nick Dreher, Policy Manager at MEEA and Tyler Browne, Senior Analyst at The Cadmus Group, Inc.
Jonnathan Carr-West - Democracy And ParticipationTim Davies
Jonathan Carr-West, head of the Centre for Local Democracy at the Local Government Information Unit spoke on the 26th Feb 2009 to members of an Action Learning Set exploring youth participation and social networking sites.
Ponencia marco impartida por el presidente de la Asociación Kyopol -Pedro Prieto Martín- en el marco de la jornada sobre Redes Digitales y Participación Local organizada por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, el 16 de Mayo de 2013.
Lee más sobre el evento en: http://rumboalorien.kyopol.net/redes-digitales-y-participacion-local/
-- "Challenges for the application of ICT for participation at the local level"
Keynote Speech by Pedro Prieto-Martín (President of the Association Kyopol) in the Workshop on "Digital Networks and Local Participation" organised by the Univesitat Autónoma de Barcelona, May 16th, 2013.
Read about the event here: http://roadtolorien.kyopol.net/digital-networks-and-local-participation/
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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7. the human rights discourse remains
dominated by the voices of the
privileged.
- it is rare for the disadvantaged, the
powerless, and the victims of human
rights abuses to be heard in the debate.
- reflects the voices of lawyers,
academics, politicians, diplomats,
religious leaders, philosophers,
theologians, journalists and middle-class
activists (Beetham 1999)
8. the human rights discourse remains a
discourse of the powerful about the
powerless.
- therefore becomes part of the
discourse of domination and
disempowerment.This must be of
fundamental concern
for social workers and suggests
some important priorities for social
work
practice
9. Human rights are a special case, however. The exclusion of the disadvantaged
from the human rights discourse is itself a denial of human rights.
- and so the human
rights discourse, in its
dominant privileged
form, is self-
contradictory. This
contradiction in the
dominant discursive
framing of human
rights has received
very little attention, yet
for social workers as
human rights
practitioners it must
be of central concern.
16. Democracy, like human rights, is a complex and contested concept (Held,
1987)
- positive value attached to the idea of democracy, or ‘rule of the people’,
- In classical Greek democracy, where the idea of democracy is commonly
seen as having originated, women, children and slaves were omitted from
the construction of ‘the people’ (Sinclair 1988);
- in modern democracies, too, not everyone is included
in the decision-making process – children do not have the right to vote,
nor do aliens or ‘non-citizens’
- for many people, ‘democracy’ is a myth that hides the reality of their
effective powerlessness.
17. REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
the role of the people is not to make
democratic decisions but to elect or appoint
representatives to a parliament or some
other assembly, trusting those they have
elected to make decisions of which they will
approve.
The decision making power of the
people is twice delegated, first to the
politicians then to the civil service, and the
input of the citizen is limited indeed.
E.g Canada, the United States of America
and the United Kingdom
18. Representative democracy, has moved a long way from the romantic notion of
‘government of the people, by the people, for the people’.
The role of the individual citizen is minimal and has been further
eroded by the complexity and the mystification of modern government
(Martin & Schumann 1997).
Increasingly policy is defined, and accepted, as so complex that only trained
experts can understand it, and hence ‘public’ policy is removed from the realm of
democratic debate and becomes the exclusive domain of the expert (Fay 1975;
Rayner 1998; Held 1999).
E.g economics
19. Many decisions that are taken are reasonably
uncontroversial as well as highly technical, and most people would
presumably be happy not to be involved in them. However, the form of
representative democracy characteristic of most self-styled ‘democracies’ is
clearly disempowering and tokenistic, and as a result more participatory
models have been proposed. And in the interests of human rights, such a
quest is of considerable importance (Beetham 1999). Four common
proposals can be termed citizens’ initiated referendums, deliberative
democracy, electronic democracy and decentralised democracy.
20. citizens’ initiated referendums
The idea of a citizens’ initiated referendum is that if a sufficient number of
citizens were to sign a petition requesting such a referendum, it would have
to be put to the people and the result would be binding on the government.
Referendums have an obvious superficial appeal, as they clearly increase the
ability of ordinary people to be involved in the decision-making process.
They are used in a number of American states, and commonly in Switzerland.
21. deliberative democracy
the idea that people can make a wise decision if they are given full access to
all relevant information and the time to study and debate the issues in some
depth, amounting to an extension of the jury system into the public policy
arena.
Deliberative democracy concentrates on process; it suggests that it is in the
integrity of the process and the opportunity for people to have genuine input
into deliberative processes that effective democracy can be realised.
22. People are often prepared to accept a decision
that goes against their particular preferences, as long as they can be satisfied
that they have had an opportunity to have effective input (i.e. their voice
has been heard), and that the decision-making process has been open and
Fair.
The key element of deliberative democracy, however, is that citizens are
enabled to be part of the process of studying alternatives, researching
possible outcomes and formulating proposals; they are asked to contribute to
the process rather than simply react to a proposal.
23. Electronic democracy
seeks to use the power of the Internet
to increase levels of citizen
participation.
ADVANTAGES
-Through the Internet, people who
may never meet face to face are able
to discuss issues and even come to a
consensus
-More organised use of the Internet to
facilitate participatory democracy
includes ongoing discussion groups,
computer voting on issues, blogging,
and the use of websites to provide
people with the information necessary
to make informed decisions –a kind of
24. DISADVANTAGES
computers are only available to a minority of the world’s
population (and that is the most advantaged minority), so any democratic
process that relies exclusively on the Internet will exclude the majority of
Humanity.
there are many others who, while they may have access to
a computer, do not have the level of computer skills to make full and effective
use of the Internet.
electronic democracy will undoubtedly
favour the voices of not merely the computer-literate but in particular the
voices of the computer-obsessives.
25. Decentralised democracy
Suggests that the most effective way to have people actively involved in
decision-making over issues that directly affect them is to decentralise
decision-making as much as possible, so that decisions are made in more local
community-based structures which enable people to have much more direct
input (Rayner 1998; Ife 2002)
This can be achieved through more accessible local government structures,
with local governments taking increasing responsibility for a wide range of
issues.
26. This has been a major thrust of community development theory and practice,
which has seen the maximisation of citizen participation as one of its central
aims.
There is a good deal of social work expertise in maximising participation at
local community level, and this is important
in human rights-based social work, this form of practice is seen as
contributing to an overall national or global strategy of encouraging local
participation and decentralising decision-making wherever possible.
27. Human rights are global citizenship rights
Human rights, as we have seen, are the consequence of some notion of global
citizenship, implying that we are all citizens of a global society and that despite
our many cultural and other differences there is a shared humanity that we
hold in common. If human rights are indeed global citizenship rights, one of
the more important of these rights is the right to participation in the body
politic, in this case at the global level. Yet there is little opportunity for
formalised citizen input into global decisions. The opportunities do exist,
however, in less formalised ways, using the more fluid structures of civil
society.
28. What are the implications of the global democracy movement
for social workers?
First, such participation helps to realise human rights:
rights to participate fully as a citizen, rights of self-determination, and so
On.
second, given the discursive nature of human rights, such participation
is actually necessary for there to be adequate debate about whatcount as
human rights, in order to counter the elitist nature of the human
rights discourse already noted.
29. CONCLUSION
The discursive nature of human rights emphasises the importance of the
question of who participates in the human rights discourse. Hence the
encouragement of more participatory forms of democracy, incorporating
the voices of the marginalised and the victims of human rights abuse, is of
central concern. This is an essential component of human rights work, and
if social workers are to be understood as human rights workers the aspects
of practice that deal with the encouragement of participatory democracy,
whether at global or local level, become of primary importance. Social
workers have particular skills and expertise in this arena, both through
community development and also through the negotiation of human rights
definitions with clients.