65. Effects of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions to Autonomic Nervous System Constricts blood vessels in viscera and skin ; increases blood pressure No effect on most blood vessels Blood vessels Increases rate and force of heartbeat Decreases rate; slows and steadies Heart Decreases urine output No effect Kidneys Constricts sphincters (prevent voiding) Relaxes sphincters (allows voiding) Urinary bladder/ urethra Dilates bronchioles Constricts bronchioles Lungs Causes glucose to be released to blood No effect Liver Decreases activity of digestive system ad constricts digestive system sphincters Increases smooth muscle mobility (peristalsis) and amount of secretion by digestive system glands; relaxes sphincters Digestive system Sympathetic effects Parasympathetic effects Target organ/system
66. Inhibits; result is dry mouth and dry eyes Stimulates; increases production of saliva and tears Glands – salivary, lacrimal Stimulates dilator muscles; dilates pupils Stimulates constrictor muscles; constricts pupils Eye (iris) Inhibits; decreases bulging of lens; prepares for distant vision Stimulates to increase bulging of lens for close vision Eye (ciliary muscle) Stimulates medulla cells to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine No effect Adrenal medulla Stimulates to produce perspiration No effect Sweat glands of skin Stimulates; produces “ goose bumps” No effect Arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles Causes ejaculation (emission of semen) Causes erection due to vasodilation Penis Increases metabolic rate; increases blood sugar levels; stimulates fat breakdown No effect Cellular metabolism