Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic first marketed as Tylenol in 1955. The document outlines its physical properties, historical development, and synthesis process. Paracetamol has numerous brands globally, with significant production in Pakistan and a long shelf life due to its stability.

1. PARACETAMOL
(ACETAMINOPHEN)

2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
• Very Famous Analgesic & Antipyretic
• First Time Sale In USAAs Tylenol In 1955
• More Than 80 Brands All Over World
• About 173 Brands In Pakistan & More Than 70
Manufacturers
• 500 Mg Tab. In 1955 In UK As Panadol
• Panadol Elixir In 1958
• Addition Into BP. In 1963

3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• White , Odourless & crystalline powder with bitter taste
• Soluble in 7 parts of alcohol(95%) & 70 parts of water
• Solubility in solutions of alkali hydroxides
• Insoluble in benzene & ether
• pH of solution is 6 and stable for 20 years

4. HISTORY OF PARACETAMOL
• Identification of antipyretic properties of aniline &
acetanilide in 1886 by Conn & Heppner
• Recommendation of napthalene for worms by Prof.
strassburg in 1880 & mistake of pharmacy
• Derivatives synthesis of acetanilide by bayers
• Synthesis of paracetamol by joseph von Mering in 1893

5. SYNTHESIS OF PARACETAMOL
• STEP-I : NITRATION OF PHENOL

6. SYNTHESIS OF PARACETMOL
• STEP-II : REDUCTION OF NITRO TO AMINO
GROUP

7. SYNTHESIS OF PARACETMOL
STEP-III : FORMATION OF AN AMIDE
OH
NH2
OH
HN
C
O
CH3
Ethanoic anhydride
Room Temp
Paracetamol