This document analyzes the effect of changing the radius of curvature in the plan of a bridge on bearing reactions. It considers simply supported spans, two-span continuous bridges, and three-span continuous bridges with radii of curvature ranging from 100m to infinity (straight). As the radius decreases, the eccentricity between the center of gravity and chord increases, resulting in higher reactions for outer bearings and potential uplift for inner bearings. Continuity between spans decreases end reactions but increases intermediate reactions. Live load placement can also significantly impact bearing reactions, especially for curved bridges where eccentricity is greater. The geometry changes must be considered for proper bearing selection.
Comparative study on normal and skew bridge of psc box girdereSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays the demand for high skew bridges has increased, and many bridge decks are built with some form of skew. The behavior of bridge is effected considerably with the presence of skew angle in bridge decks. In the present study an attempt has been made to study the skew bridge comparing with the normal bridge for skew angle 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. The finite element analysis is carried out for single span, two span and three span deck for dead load and moving load (IRC class 70R) loading using software SAP2000 ver.14. The results are presented in terms of displacement, bending moment and shear force. Keywords: Skew bridges, skew angle, PSC box girder, span length
Evaluation of Effect of Lateral Forces on Multi-Storeyed Rcc Frame by Conside...IJERA Editor
Reinforced concrete column with varying cross-sectional dimensions are commonly used in many engineering structures since use of such elements in a structural system may reduce the weight of the system, since neither axial load nor stiffness is constant along the column height the stability analysis of a stepped column is usually more complicated than that of a uniform column. The lateral forces can produce critical stresses in the structure, induce undesirable vibrations or cause excessive lateral sway of the structure. The present study deals with the comparison of Concentric Non-Prismatic columns and Stepped columns under the effect of static, wind and dynamic loads with the help of ETABS Software.
With the increase of span length of steel box truss
arch bridge,the problem of nonlinear effect becomes even more
promient.The ultimate bearing capacity is an important means of
evaluate the performance of bridge safety.So it is significant
important in the practical engineering to study the ultimate
bearing capacity of long-span half-through steel box truss arch
bridge.A Yangtze River Highway Brige is a long-span
half-through steel box truss arch bridge with a main span 519
m.The ultimate bearing capacity of the structure are analyzed
using the spatial finite element model.The results show that the
influence of nonlinearities must be considered in the analysis of
ultimate bearing capacity.
Analysis of outrigger system for tall vertical irregularites structures subje...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Analysis of the tall building is carried out to find the optimum position of outrigger system and belt truss by using lateral loads. The three dimensional model is considered and designed for the gravity load and placing of first and second position of the outrigger. Considering the design of Wind load is calculated by using IS 875 (Part 3) and Design of Earthquake load is calculated by using code IS 1893(part-1): 2000 in order to achieve reduction in drift, Deflection and story shear. The analysis is done by considering tall vertical irregularity of 30th storey of 7 X 7 bay for 1 to 10th storey and 7X6 bay 11th to 20th storey and 7X5 Bay 21st to 30th storey. Keywords: vertical irregularities, outrigger, linear static analysis Wind and earthquake load.
Comparative study on normal and skew bridge of psc box girdereSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays the demand for high skew bridges has increased, and many bridge decks are built with some form of skew. The behavior of bridge is effected considerably with the presence of skew angle in bridge decks. In the present study an attempt has been made to study the skew bridge comparing with the normal bridge for skew angle 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. The finite element analysis is carried out for single span, two span and three span deck for dead load and moving load (IRC class 70R) loading using software SAP2000 ver.14. The results are presented in terms of displacement, bending moment and shear force. Keywords: Skew bridges, skew angle, PSC box girder, span length
Evaluation of Effect of Lateral Forces on Multi-Storeyed Rcc Frame by Conside...IJERA Editor
Reinforced concrete column with varying cross-sectional dimensions are commonly used in many engineering structures since use of such elements in a structural system may reduce the weight of the system, since neither axial load nor stiffness is constant along the column height the stability analysis of a stepped column is usually more complicated than that of a uniform column. The lateral forces can produce critical stresses in the structure, induce undesirable vibrations or cause excessive lateral sway of the structure. The present study deals with the comparison of Concentric Non-Prismatic columns and Stepped columns under the effect of static, wind and dynamic loads with the help of ETABS Software.
With the increase of span length of steel box truss
arch bridge,the problem of nonlinear effect becomes even more
promient.The ultimate bearing capacity is an important means of
evaluate the performance of bridge safety.So it is significant
important in the practical engineering to study the ultimate
bearing capacity of long-span half-through steel box truss arch
bridge.A Yangtze River Highway Brige is a long-span
half-through steel box truss arch bridge with a main span 519
m.The ultimate bearing capacity of the structure are analyzed
using the spatial finite element model.The results show that the
influence of nonlinearities must be considered in the analysis of
ultimate bearing capacity.
Analysis of outrigger system for tall vertical irregularites structures subje...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Analysis of the tall building is carried out to find the optimum position of outrigger system and belt truss by using lateral loads. The three dimensional model is considered and designed for the gravity load and placing of first and second position of the outrigger. Considering the design of Wind load is calculated by using IS 875 (Part 3) and Design of Earthquake load is calculated by using code IS 1893(part-1): 2000 in order to achieve reduction in drift, Deflection and story shear. The analysis is done by considering tall vertical irregularity of 30th storey of 7 X 7 bay for 1 to 10th storey and 7X6 bay 11th to 20th storey and 7X5 Bay 21st to 30th storey. Keywords: vertical irregularities, outrigger, linear static analysis Wind and earthquake load.
Effect of non Seismic Walls
On Moment Resisting Frames in buildings.
Can we neglect reinforce concrete walls like
(stairwells, elevator shafts and so forth)?
*And what are the behavior of these walls during the yielding
point for the steel in work stress stage uncracked section
[Elastic Response Parameters] and after the yielding point in Plastic stage cracked section (Ultimate strength) since
*(Plastic Hinges) will occur in the Frames during plastic
stage And the frames shall peer all the entire seismic loads
And what are these Condition and arrangements to keep
the section walls in safety during plastic stage
so they can carry just the ordinary(D+L) axial loads.
Dose reinforcement for axial ordinary loads enough for these walls from collapsing?
All these answers you will get it when you look at the Dissertation
Effect of masonry walls in the progressive collapse of a ten storied rc buildingkunalsahu9883
In this project, a progressive collapse assessment was carried out for a typical ten-story reinforced concrete framed structure, with and
without a masonry infill wall, designed according to codes for minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.
Three different types of analysis were carried out namely linear static analysis, nonlinear static analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis
using SAP2000.
It was found for the studied case that, the infilled masonry walls have a valuable contribution in mitigating progressive collapse of the
reinforced concrete framed structures.
Study of Eccentrically Braced Outrigger Frame under Seismic ExitationIJTET Journal
Outrigger braced structures has efficient structural form consist of a central core, comprising braced frames with
horizontal cantilever ”outrigger” trusses or girders connecting the core to the outer column. When the structure is loaded
horizontally, vertical plane rotation of the core is restrained by the outriggers through tension in windward column and
compression in leeward column. The effective structural depth of the building is greatly increased, thus augmenting the lateral
stiffness of the building and reducing the lateral deflections and moments in core. In effect, the outriggers join the columns to the
core to make the structure behave as a partly composite cantilever. By providing eccentrically braced system in outrigger frame by
varying the size of links and analyzing it. Push over analysis is carried out by varying the link size using computer programs, Sap
2007 to understand their seismic performance. The ductile behavior of eccentrically braced frame is highly desirable for structures
subjected to strong ground motion. Maximum stiffness, strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity are provided by
eccentrically braced frame. Studies were conducted on the use of outrigger frame for the high steel building subjected to
earthquake load. Braces are designed not to buckle, regardless of the severity of lateral loading on the frame. Thus eccentrically
braced frame ensures safety against collapse.
Seismic Response of Structure with Single Coreijtsrd
Shear walls and outriggers have been used so far to resist the seismic waves of earthquake and heavy winds actions. The complete failure of the structures that has occurred in the past due to catastrophic earthquake may be avoided with the use of shear wall in the structure. The study is concerned with the use of shear wall as a single core in structure that will resist the seismic waves of earthquake. In the present study analysis of RCC building has been carried out by changing the locations of shear walls in the building. The seismic analysis performed is linear dynamic response spectrum analysis using the well known analysis and design software ETABS 16.2.0. Seismic performance of the building has been investigated based on parameters such as strorey drift, base shear and storey displacement. Belsare Sumit Bandopanth | Dilip Budhlani "Seismic Response of Structure with Single Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30851.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30851/seismic-response-of-structure-with-single-core/belsare-sumit-bandopanth
Effect of steel bracing on vertically irregular r.c.c building frames under s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the most life threatening, environmental hazardous and destructive natural phenomenons that causes
shaking of ground. This result in damage to the structures, hence we need to design the buildings to withstand these earthquakes
which may occur at least once in the life time of the structure. Structures possess less stiffness and strength in case of irregular
configured frames; to enhance this, lateral load resisting systems are introduced into the frames. In this study, G+5 storey
building model has been analyzed considering different types of vertical geometric irregularities and steel bracings using
pushover analysis with the help of ETABS 9.7 software. Addition of X type brace, V type Brace and Inverted V/K type brace shows
that use of X-type of bracing is found more suitable to enhance the performance of the irregular buildings.
Key Words: pushover analysis, vertical irregularity, steel bracings, performance point.
Seismic Capacity Comparisons of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Between Standar...drboon
Earthquakes are cause of serious damage through the building. Therefore, moment resistant frame buildings are widely used as lateral resisting system. Generally three types of moment resisting frames are designed namely Special ductile frames (SDF), Intermediate ductile frames (IDF) and Gravity load designed (GLD) frames, each of which has a certain level of ductility. Comparative studies on the seismic performance of three different ductility of building are performed in this study. The analytical models are considered about failure mode of column (i.e. shear failure, flexural to shear failure and flexural failure); beam-column joint connection, infill wall and flexural foundation. Concepts of incremental dynamic analysis are practiced to assess the required data for performance based evaluations. This study found that the lateral load capacity of GLD, IDF, and SDF building was 19.25, 27.87, and 25.92 %W respectively. The average response spectrum at the collapse state for GLD, IDF, and SDF are 0.75 g, 1.19 g, and 1.33 g, respectively. The results show that SDF is more ductile than IDF and the initial strength of SDF is close to IDF. The results indicate that all of frames are able to resistant a design earthquake.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Seismic performance of structure with fixed base, base isolated structure and...eSAT Journals
Abstract Earthquakes can create serious damage to structures. The structures already built are vulnerable to future earthquakes. The damage to structures causes deaths, injuries, economic loss, and loss of functions. Damage to the structure causes due to ground acceleration. This can be minimizing by increasing strength of the structure. Sometimes it is not possible to increase the strength of the structure indefinitely. So it should be tried to increase the capacity of structure using seismic improvement techniques. In this study, there are three different types of G+10 structures with fixed base, structure with viscous damper and structure with high damping rubber bearing are considered. These structures are modeled using finite element software SAP2000v16. These structures have same plan area and are assumed to be situated in seismic zone IV and having medium soil condition. The analysis of these structures is done by performance based pushover analysis method and response spectrum method. The pushover analysis method is used to find out the performance point and capacity of structure. High damping rubber bearing isolators (HDRB) and viscous damper (VD) are use for seismic improvement of RC structure. The procedure of analysis adopted for fixed base structure is same repeated for structure with viscous damper (VD) and base isolated (HDRB) structure. So it will help in comparative parametric study. The results of analysis are compared in terms of storey displacements, modal time period, storey acceleration, performance point, storey drift. The comparative study shows that storey displacement, storey acceleration, storey drift is reduced substantially for structure with high damping rubber bearing (base isolated structure). Key Words: Base isolated structure, Pushover analysis method, Response spectrum method, Viscous damper, High damping rubber bearing, SAP2000v16 etc.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Effect of non Seismic Walls
On Moment Resisting Frames in buildings.
Can we neglect reinforce concrete walls like
(stairwells, elevator shafts and so forth)?
*And what are the behavior of these walls during the yielding
point for the steel in work stress stage uncracked section
[Elastic Response Parameters] and after the yielding point in Plastic stage cracked section (Ultimate strength) since
*(Plastic Hinges) will occur in the Frames during plastic
stage And the frames shall peer all the entire seismic loads
And what are these Condition and arrangements to keep
the section walls in safety during plastic stage
so they can carry just the ordinary(D+L) axial loads.
Dose reinforcement for axial ordinary loads enough for these walls from collapsing?
All these answers you will get it when you look at the Dissertation
Effect of masonry walls in the progressive collapse of a ten storied rc buildingkunalsahu9883
In this project, a progressive collapse assessment was carried out for a typical ten-story reinforced concrete framed structure, with and
without a masonry infill wall, designed according to codes for minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.
Three different types of analysis were carried out namely linear static analysis, nonlinear static analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis
using SAP2000.
It was found for the studied case that, the infilled masonry walls have a valuable contribution in mitigating progressive collapse of the
reinforced concrete framed structures.
Study of Eccentrically Braced Outrigger Frame under Seismic ExitationIJTET Journal
Outrigger braced structures has efficient structural form consist of a central core, comprising braced frames with
horizontal cantilever ”outrigger” trusses or girders connecting the core to the outer column. When the structure is loaded
horizontally, vertical plane rotation of the core is restrained by the outriggers through tension in windward column and
compression in leeward column. The effective structural depth of the building is greatly increased, thus augmenting the lateral
stiffness of the building and reducing the lateral deflections and moments in core. In effect, the outriggers join the columns to the
core to make the structure behave as a partly composite cantilever. By providing eccentrically braced system in outrigger frame by
varying the size of links and analyzing it. Push over analysis is carried out by varying the link size using computer programs, Sap
2007 to understand their seismic performance. The ductile behavior of eccentrically braced frame is highly desirable for structures
subjected to strong ground motion. Maximum stiffness, strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity are provided by
eccentrically braced frame. Studies were conducted on the use of outrigger frame for the high steel building subjected to
earthquake load. Braces are designed not to buckle, regardless of the severity of lateral loading on the frame. Thus eccentrically
braced frame ensures safety against collapse.
Seismic Response of Structure with Single Coreijtsrd
Shear walls and outriggers have been used so far to resist the seismic waves of earthquake and heavy winds actions. The complete failure of the structures that has occurred in the past due to catastrophic earthquake may be avoided with the use of shear wall in the structure. The study is concerned with the use of shear wall as a single core in structure that will resist the seismic waves of earthquake. In the present study analysis of RCC building has been carried out by changing the locations of shear walls in the building. The seismic analysis performed is linear dynamic response spectrum analysis using the well known analysis and design software ETABS 16.2.0. Seismic performance of the building has been investigated based on parameters such as strorey drift, base shear and storey displacement. Belsare Sumit Bandopanth | Dilip Budhlani "Seismic Response of Structure with Single Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30851.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30851/seismic-response-of-structure-with-single-core/belsare-sumit-bandopanth
Effect of steel bracing on vertically irregular r.c.c building frames under s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the most life threatening, environmental hazardous and destructive natural phenomenons that causes
shaking of ground. This result in damage to the structures, hence we need to design the buildings to withstand these earthquakes
which may occur at least once in the life time of the structure. Structures possess less stiffness and strength in case of irregular
configured frames; to enhance this, lateral load resisting systems are introduced into the frames. In this study, G+5 storey
building model has been analyzed considering different types of vertical geometric irregularities and steel bracings using
pushover analysis with the help of ETABS 9.7 software. Addition of X type brace, V type Brace and Inverted V/K type brace shows
that use of X-type of bracing is found more suitable to enhance the performance of the irregular buildings.
Key Words: pushover analysis, vertical irregularity, steel bracings, performance point.
Seismic Capacity Comparisons of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Between Standar...drboon
Earthquakes are cause of serious damage through the building. Therefore, moment resistant frame buildings are widely used as lateral resisting system. Generally three types of moment resisting frames are designed namely Special ductile frames (SDF), Intermediate ductile frames (IDF) and Gravity load designed (GLD) frames, each of which has a certain level of ductility. Comparative studies on the seismic performance of three different ductility of building are performed in this study. The analytical models are considered about failure mode of column (i.e. shear failure, flexural to shear failure and flexural failure); beam-column joint connection, infill wall and flexural foundation. Concepts of incremental dynamic analysis are practiced to assess the required data for performance based evaluations. This study found that the lateral load capacity of GLD, IDF, and SDF building was 19.25, 27.87, and 25.92 %W respectively. The average response spectrum at the collapse state for GLD, IDF, and SDF are 0.75 g, 1.19 g, and 1.33 g, respectively. The results show that SDF is more ductile than IDF and the initial strength of SDF is close to IDF. The results indicate that all of frames are able to resistant a design earthquake.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Seismic performance of structure with fixed base, base isolated structure and...eSAT Journals
Abstract Earthquakes can create serious damage to structures. The structures already built are vulnerable to future earthquakes. The damage to structures causes deaths, injuries, economic loss, and loss of functions. Damage to the structure causes due to ground acceleration. This can be minimizing by increasing strength of the structure. Sometimes it is not possible to increase the strength of the structure indefinitely. So it should be tried to increase the capacity of structure using seismic improvement techniques. In this study, there are three different types of G+10 structures with fixed base, structure with viscous damper and structure with high damping rubber bearing are considered. These structures are modeled using finite element software SAP2000v16. These structures have same plan area and are assumed to be situated in seismic zone IV and having medium soil condition. The analysis of these structures is done by performance based pushover analysis method and response spectrum method. The pushover analysis method is used to find out the performance point and capacity of structure. High damping rubber bearing isolators (HDRB) and viscous damper (VD) are use for seismic improvement of RC structure. The procedure of analysis adopted for fixed base structure is same repeated for structure with viscous damper (VD) and base isolated (HDRB) structure. So it will help in comparative parametric study. The results of analysis are compared in terms of storey displacements, modal time period, storey acceleration, performance point, storey drift. The comparative study shows that storey displacement, storey acceleration, storey drift is reduced substantially for structure with high damping rubber bearing (base isolated structure). Key Words: Base isolated structure, Pushover analysis method, Response spectrum method, Viscous damper, High damping rubber bearing, SAP2000v16 etc.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This paper presents a reinforced concrete beam-column joint model that was carried out for cyclic earthquake loading. The beam-column joint is the most important part of a building and modelling such an element
and determining its structural behavior under the effect of seismic citations is essential to avoid losing lives and
money. The non-linear analysis consisted of two types: (1) Non-linear static analysis that includes applying cyclic
earthquake loading and (2) Non-linear dynamic analysis that involves applying three real historic earthquakes with
different frequencies and magnitudes. The crack pattern analysis was established for non-linear static and non-linear
dynamic to determine the worst-case scenario in terms of crack size. Another beneficial analysis was seismic
analysis, which targeted the critical response time by which the maximum axial force, displacement and stress has
occurred for applied real earthquakes. It was found that the structure sustained all the applied real earthquakes,
however failure of the structure took place during the third cycle (50mm) of cyclic earthquake loading. After comparing the results with previous published work it was observed that the size of the reinforcement bars plays a major role in terms of load carrying capacity of the structure. It was observed that cracks occurred mostly under the Friuli earthquake due to the highest magnitude among other earthquakes. There was a variation in the location of
cracks within the structure for each earthquake. Intermediate and major cracks occurred during the third cycle
(50mm) of cyclic earthquake loading within the joint. The cracks were developed and increased as the cycle was
increased leading to cracks across the joint after the forth and fifth cycles and failure of the structure. Although the
critical response time for the Friuli earthquake was lower than the other earthquakes it was the most active and had a
larger effect on the model. This is because the Friuli earthquake had the highest magnitude among applied earthquakes. The results obtained from the author’s model were used to suggest some recommendations on
Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
(2004) BS EN 1998-1: 2004 to improve the performance of beam-column joints during earthquakes. The main
reasons for beam-column joint failure are due to the transverse steel which crosses diagonal cracks and begins
yielding, anchorage failure of reinforcement, loss in moment carrying capacity of columns near joints and the opening and closing of cracks due to cyclic loading.
Nonlinear fe modelling of anchorage bond in reinforced concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract The transfer of forces from the surrounding concrete to the reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete (RC) can be influenced by several parameters. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the influence of specimen geometry, bar diameter, strength of concrete, lateral confinement and embedment length on the bond properties of concrete. The embedment length of the bar was varied between 50mm and 400mm by varying the diameter of the bar, strength of concrete and lateral confinement. The different bar diameters of 16, 20 and 25mm were selected along with three different concrete strengths of 25, 40 and 65MPa. The specimens with the above parameters were modeled by using a nonlinear finite element analysis package. It has been found that for the same geometry, the specimens with small bond length exhibited high bond strength. With the range of bar diameters considered the bond strength of concrete decreases as the diameter of the bar increases. The splitting failure has been observed in unconfined concrete, while the pullout failure was predominant when the concrete laterally confined. In case of large embedment length, the post peak plateau is prolonged with small diameter bars when compared to the large diameter bars. The descending branch of the bond stress-slip response with large diameter bars has been found to be steep. Keywords: Bond Stress, FE Analysis, Embedment Length, Confinement, Bar Diameter, Pull-out Specimens.
Seismic performance of friction pendulum bearing by considering storey drift ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The Effect of Structure -Soil Interaction on Eccentrically Loaded FrameIJERD Editor
The interaction among structures, their foundations and the soil medium below the foundations alter
the actual behaviour of the structure considerably than what is obtained from the consideration of the structure
alone. Thus, a reasonably accurate model for the soil–foundation–structure interaction system with
computational validity, efficiency and accuracy is needed in improved design of important structures. The
framed structures are normally analyzed with their bases considered to be either completely rigid or hinged.
However, the foundation resting on deformable soils also undergoes deformation depending on the relative
rigidities of the foundation, superstructure and soil. Interactive analysis is, therefore, necessary for the accurate
assessment of the response of the superstructure.
Effect of creep on composite steel concrete sectionKamel Farid
Creep and Shrinkage are inelastic and time-varying strains.
For Steel-Concrete Composite beam creep and shrinkage are highly associated with concrete.
Simple approach depending on modular ratio has been adopted to compute the elastic section properties instead of the theoretically complex calculations of creep.
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
Dynamic analysis of steel tube structure with bracing systemseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, competition towards rise of tall steel structures made certain factors are compulsory like serviceability and comfort of human relating to lateral loads caused by wind or earthquake. Earthquake is dangerous to the living beings in terms of its effects on manmade structures. Structures like tall buildings are built to resist gravity loads. However many tall buildings are not so resistant in lateral loads due to earthquake so need an improvement in resisting lateral loads. So there are many structural systems which resist lateral loads by varying orientation, addition of different structural systems. Like steel tubular structural system is considered and compared for their results against lateral forces and also by providing mega bracing system and diagrid bracing system. In this dissertation work, four structural systems are considered in which one is framed structure and rest are tubular system with addition of different bracing systems as mega bracing and diagrid bracing system. For the purpose 45 storey steel structure with rectangular plan of dimension 44mx24m uniform throughout the height is considered and analyzed for gravity and lateral loads using ETABS software. Its intention is to obtain the functioning characteristics like displacements, storey shear, time period, frequency, peak displacement and peak acceleration in both x and y direction to get most economical structure in all ways. Results shows that the steel tubular structure with mega bracing system performance is much better than the framed structure, tubular and tubular structure with diagrid bracing system. Keywords: Steel Tube Structure, Mega Bracing, Diagrid Bracing, Dynamic Analysis, ETABS, Time and History Analysis.
Evaluation of the Seismic Response Parameters for Infilled Reinforced Concret...IOSRJMCE
RC frames with unreinforced masonry infill walls are a common form of construction all around the world. Often, engineers do not consider masonry infill walls in the design process because the final distribution of these elements may be unknown to them, or because masonry walls are regarded as non-structural elements. Separation between masonry walls and frames is often not provided and, as a consequence, walls and frames interact during strong ground motion. This leads to structural response deviating radically from what is expected in the design. The presence of masonry infills can result in higher stiffness and strength and it is cheap and built with low cost labor. Under lateral load, Masonry walls act as diagonal struts subjected to compression, while reinforced concrete confining members (Frames) act in tension and/or compression, depending on the direction of lateral earthquake forces. The main objective of this research is to develop a realistic matrix for the response modification factors for medium-rise skeletal buildings with masonry infills. In this study, the contribution of the masonry infill walls to the lateral behavior of reinforced concrete buildings was investigated. For this purpose, a five, seven and ten stories buildings are modelled as bare and infilled frames. The parameters investigated were infill ratio, panel aspect ratio, unidirectional eccentricity, bidirectional eccentricities. A Parametric study was developed on the behavior of medium rise infilled frame buildings under lateral loads to investigate the effect of these parameters as well as infill properties on this behavior
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Paper radius of curvature
1. International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-6, Dec.-2016
Effect of Change in Radius of Curvature in Plan on Bridge Bearing Reactions
75
EFFECT OF CHANGE IN RADIUS OF CURVATURE IN PLAN ON
BRIDGE BEARING REACTIONS
1
NILESH PRAKASH BHOSALE, 2
A.A.BAGE
1,2
Structural Engineering Department, Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Mumbai – 58, India
E-mail: 1
nileshbhos@gmail.com, 2
a_bage@space.ac.in
Abstract— Bearing is very small part of bridge compared to all other components. Though it is small part requires more
attention as entire load is transmitted from super-structure to sub-structure through bearings. Bearing not only helps to
transfer the force of super-structure to sub-structure but also resist or transfer the deformations of super-structure with
respect to sub-structure which were unavoidable in case of high altitude and large span bridges. This study includes effect of
geometry of a bridge on selection of bearing. To demonstrate effect of geometry on variation in reactions combination of
simply supported spans and curved spans with and without curvature in plan where considered.
Keywords— Bearing, Super-Structure, Sub-Structure.
I. INTRODUCTION
Any structure which made to cross an obstacle is
known as ‘Bridge’. Bridge components are mainly
divided in to two parts. One is Super-structure
includes deck, girder and bearing, and other is sub-
structure includes bed block, pier or abutment and
foundation of bridge. Bearing is on verge of super-
structure and sub-structure. Bearing is the component
whichconnects one structural part to another.
Bearings may also have to perform functions like
support, guide and reduce friction and allow
movement between two components.
Super-structure of bridge under goes dimensional
change due to thermal expansion of deck, Elastic
deformation, Seismic force, Wind force, Creep and
shrinkage of concrete, Settlement of supports,
Longitudinal forces and bearing has to take care of
all this deformation also has to transfer the force to
sub-structure. If these movements are not allowed
then large amount of force may develop in girder and
sub-structure due to which the design sections will be
large which leads to uneconomical design of super-
structure and sub-structure. Bearings are connecting
component for super-structure and sub-structure and
it has to perform the function like allowing permitted
amount of movement and transfer vertical and
horizontal load form super-structure to sub-structure.
Bearing movement includes translation and rotation
with respect to the span. In current paper simply
supported and curved bridge with single span, two
span continuous and three span continuous are
analysed and effect of curvature in plan on reaction of
bearing were studied.
The portion of horizontal load with respect to vertical
load is now days increased by 10-20% than level of
some year ago. This increase in horizontal load is due
to current trend of continuous, joint free, redundant
structure. Engineers avoid expansion joints as they
require maintenance, which results in long-joint free
structure which has very few horizontal load carrying
bearings. In case of continuous span portion of
horizontal to vertical load increases with continuity.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
For analysis of bridge span 27m were taken. The span
is effective distance betweenthe bearings centrepoint.
Span divided into 3 main cases those are simply
supported, twospans continuous and threespans
continuous bridge. With variation in radius of curve
in plan from infinity to 1000m, 750m, 500m, 250m
and 100m.
Cross section details of the span to be considered are
the cross section of PSC boxgirder having deck width
of 9.8m. Soffit is of width 3.6m. Contains 4 cables
per web, post tensioningcables used is 19k – 15
systems. Sections were made up of M-45 grade
concreteand steel used is of grade Fe500. Centre to
centre distance between the bearings is 2.4m.
The reaction when bridge is subjected to DL of 13t/m,
SIDL of 2t/m and train of vehicle of class 70R
rolledalong the centre of the span and along the
respective eccentricity to the centre line of thespan
were observed and discussed.
Fig.1. Plan view of Simply supported 1 span straight bridge.
Fig.2. Plan view of 2 span continuous straight bridge.
2. International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-6, Dec.-2016
Effect of Change in Radius of Curvature in Plan on Bridge Bearing Reactions
76
Fig.3. Plan view of 3 span continuous straight bridge.
Fig.4. Plan view of 1 span curved bridge.
Fig.5. Plan view of 2 span continuous curved bridge.
Fig.6. Plan view of 3 span continuous curved bridge.
III. ESTIMATION OF REACTION
Reactions at each bearing location were calculated
manually and same were verified using STAAD Pro
and Midas software’s. For manual calculation in case
of continuous span concept of ILD were used. The
change in reaction is mainly due to geometry and
another is the eccentricity of the load with respect to
centre line of the bridge.
Dead load is uniformly distributed along the span.
Hence it was assumed that whole deadload is to be
concentred at CG of the section in plan. In case of
straight span CG is lie oncentre line of the bridge. As
dead load is uniformly distributed the reaction on
each bearing incase of straight span will be same on
specific support, whereas in case of curve bridges CG
ofthe section did not lie on the centre line of the span.
In present case study the CG will lie onouter side of
thechord joining centre of different bearing supports.
Because of which thebearings on inner side of the
curve will experience the uplift. This uplift is due to
torsionalmoment known as torsion due to geometry
orgeometric torsion.
Fig.7. Geometric torsion eccentricity.
In case of live load when it roll along the centre line
of the straight span bridge theload gets equally
distributed on support and hence on bearings. In case
of eccentric loading the torsion due to eccentricity
will get induced which depends on the position of
load with respect to centre line of the span and
consequently the reaction or force acting on bearing
will affect. In case of curve in plan span bridge
though load is running along the centre line of
thebridge eccentricity develop and it varies along the
span this eccentricity is with respect to chord joining
two supports and centre line of the bridge. Due to this
eccentricity the bearing will subject to addition
torsion.
Fig.8. Eccentricity of vehicle due to rolling along centre line of
curve.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The maximum and minimum reaction on bearing is
important for selection of various types of bearing
and their size. For above mentioned problem
statement the graphs for maximum reaction are
plotted as maximum reaction will govern in case of
bearing selection and are discus below:
Fig.9. Single Span – DL
Fig.10. Two Span – DL
3. International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-6, Dec.-2016
Effect of Change in Radius of Curvature in Plan on Bridge Bearing Reactions
77
Fig.11. Three Span – DL
Fig.12. Single Span - 70R Co-centric
Fig.13. Single Span - 70R –Eccentric
Fig.14. Two Span - 70R – Co-centric
Fig.15. Two Span - 70R –Eccentric
Fig.16. Three Span - 70R – Co-centric
Fig.17. Three Span - 70R –Eccentric
1. As radius of curvature in plan goes on increasing
Centre of gravity of curve shift towards the centre
line of the straight span and because of which
eccentricity between centre of gravity and chord
of the curve goes on decreases which results in
decrease in reaction of outer curve bearing and
increase in reaction of inner curve bearings.
2. Percentage increase in reaction of outer support is
same as percentage decrease of inner support and
this percentage with respect to decrease in radius
of curve in plan goes on increasing for outer
bearings and decreasing for inner bearing, which
indicates that there are chances of uplift for inner
bearings of small radius of curve are more than
higher radius of curve inner bearings.
3. Due to continuous span load on outer support
bearing goes on decreasing while increases on
inner support bearings. This help to provide
economical bearing with respect to load.
4. International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-6, Dec.-2016
Effect of Change in Radius of Curvature in Plan on Bridge Bearing Reactions
78
4. If number of continuous span increases then load
on inner support bearings increases at smaller rate
as compared to the outer support bearings.
5. In case of straight span at any support location DL
contribution is almost 70% and30% due to LL.
This is in case of concrete box girder where as in
case of steel girders the contribution may change.
6. Eccentric loading of only LL on curve shows the
actual load on support may be greater than that of
only due to DL. That is in case of eccentric
loading of LL the reaction under any bearing may
be greater than that of reaction due to DL.
CONCLUSIONS
1. In case of continuous span end support reactions
are less as compared to simply supported single
span.
2. Due to continuity of bridge reaction on
intermediate support increased but that reaction
value is decreases with increase in number of
continuous span.
3. Reaction is get affected and hence selection of
bearing also get influenced.
4. Decrease in radius of curvature increase the
chances of uplift of inner bearing of the curvature.
5. The span with curvature in plan when compared
with straight span the reactionon outer bearing
increases which is due to effect of geometric
torsion. Innerbearing experiences uplift in certain
cases. The reaction value further increasesdue to
eccentricity of the vehicle which is more in case of
curve bridges ascompared to straight bridges.
6. In case of straight span roller- rocker bearings or
elastomeric bearings or pot bearings are suitable
depending on the value of reaction. In case of curve
span in plan bridges we have to provide Pot
bearings only. Elastomeric bearings are also
suitable but they have limit of movement to allow
which depends on the height of the bearing.
Negative reaction at support indicates uplift. In
case of uplift pot PTFE and Elastomeric bearings
are infective and hence disc bearings are provided
in such cases. Hence we have to provide disk
bearing to resist the uplift.
7. In present work the negative reactions at support is
very less this is due to DL and LL combination. In
reaction contribution of the DL is 60% whereas
that of LL is about 40% but in case if steel girders
are provided the case become reverse, the DL
contribution will be 45% that of LL is 55% hence
more chances of uplift in case of steel bridges. That
is one of the reason for which elastomeric bearings
are not preferred for steel bridges.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would also like to express my sincere gratitude
towards Mr.Vivek Abhyankar AGM Design, and
Mr.RavitejaKilaparthi, Design engineer of AFCONS.
They provided the important and necessary guidance
whenever I needed and whenever I got stuck in my
research on time and also encouraged me to complete
my work in stipulated time. Finally I would like to
thank my third year SPCE friends who directly or
indirectly helped me in my work. I greatly value their
friendship.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr.V.K.Raina, “Bearings of Bridges” in Concrete Bridge
Practice, second edition, New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-
Hill, 1994.
[2] S.M.Vaidya, “General” in Bridge Bearings, second edition,
Pune, India: Indian Railway Institute of Civil Engineering,
2006.
[3] Drew E Gilstad, “Bridge bearings and Stability” in ASCE,
New York, 2015, pp.1269-1277.
[4] Charles W. Roeder et.al, “Rotation of High Load Multi
Rotational Bridge bearings” in ASCE, Tokyo, 2015,
pp.747-76.
[5] A.Mori, et.al “Compression Behaviour of bridge Bearing
used for Seismic Isolation” in Engineering structures,
Great Britain, 1996, pp.351-362.