All about all vitamins

2. Contents
1.Introduction slide
2.Contents
3.What are Vitamins? Why are Vitamins necessary in diet?
4.What is the need of Vitamins?
5.What does it do?
6.Classification of Vitamins
7.Daily Requirements of Vitamins
8.Information about all the Vitamins
•Vitamin A
•Vitamin A
•B Vitamins
•B Vitamins
•List of B vitamins
•Deficiency diseases of B vitamins
•Discovery of B Vitamins
•Vitamin C
•Vitamin C
•Vitamin D
•Vitamin D
•Vitamin E
•Vitamin E
•Vitamin K
•Vitamin K
9.Vitamins Tables
10.Food sources
11. Deficiency diseases
12.Vitamin daily consumption
13.How much is enough?
14.Discovery
15. The End

3. What are
Vitamins?
Why are
Vitamins
necessary
in diet?
Vitamins are complex chemical substances required by
the body in very small amounts.
They do not yield energy, but act as catalysts in various
body processes.
As the vitamins cannot be produced in the body in
sufficient quantity, they have to be supplemented through
the diet.
Each vitamin has a specific function to perform and
deficiency of any particular vitamin leads to specific
deficiency disease.
Vitamins are necessary for the diet because they help in
the strengthening of the bones, healing wounds, and
boosting the immune system.
Vitamins are also required to generate energy from the
food and wear and tear of the cells in the body.

4. What is the
need of
Vitamins?
(i) They build up the resistance of the body
against diseases;
(ii) Prevent and cure various diseases caused
by deficiency;
(iii) Help the digestion and utilization of
mineral salts and Carbohydrate in the body;
(iv) Stimulate and give strength to digestive
and nervous system;
(v) Help in the maintenance of proper health
and normal growth

5. What does
it do?
Generates pigments for the retina
Maintains surface lining of eyes
Bone growth
Reproduction
Cell division and differentiation
Healthy Skin
Regulate Immune System

6. Classification
of Vitamins
Vitamins are generally classified as either fat
soluble or water soluble.
Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin
D, vitamin E, and vitamin K) dissolve in fat and
tend to accumulate in the body.
Water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and the B-
complex vitamins) must dissolve in water before
they can be absorbed by the body, and therefore
cannot be stored.
Any water-soluble vitamins unused by the body
is primarily lost through urine.

7. Daily
Requirements
of Vitamins
Vitamins can perform their work in very low concentration.
Hence, the total daily requirement is usually very small.
The daily need of any vitamin for any individual is not a fixed quantity.
It varies according to the rate of metabolism.
In people undergoing heavy muscular work, in hyperthyroidism,
pregnancy, lactation, growing children, i.e., in all cases where
metabolism is very high, the vitamin requirement is proportionally
more.
Generally, a man doing ordinary work can obtain enough vitamins from
his balanced mixed diet.

8. Information about
the Vitamins

10. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin. It is an important
nutrient in human nutrition. The deficiency of Vitamin A is
a major cause of preventable blindness in some countries.
The functions of vitamin A are not still well understood
except that it is needed for normal vision and for the vigor
and stamina of the body for resisting against infectious
diseases.
Sources: Food of animal origin such as butter, ghee milk,
eggs, liver and fish are good sources of Vitamin A. Foods of
vegetable origin such as fruits and vegetables are
precursors of vitamin A. Leafy vegetables, carrots and
yellow pumpkin and fruits are rich in carotene. The richest
natural sources of vitamin A are the fish liver oils. Fish liver
oils are used as nutritional supplements rather than foods.
Deficiency of Vitamin A: (i) Night blindness; (ii) Diseases of
the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye; (iii) Skin Lessons;
(iv) Retarded and stunted growth of bones ; (v) Diminish
vitality;

12. Vitamin B
Sources of B vitamins
Milk, Cheese, Eggs, Meat, Fish,
Shellfish, , Vegetables, Green
Vegetables, Such As Spinach
And Kale, Whole Grains And
Cereals, Kidney Beans, Black
Beans, Chickpeas, Nuts And
Seeds, Fruits Such As Citrus,
Banana, And Watermelon, Soy
Products Such As Soy
Milk And Tempeh, Blackstrap
Molasses, Wheat Germ, Yeast.

13. List of B vitamins

14. Deficiency diseases of B vitamins

15. Discovery of B Vitamins

17. Vitamin C
Vitamin C is highly soluble in water but rapidly destroyed by high
temperatures such as those involved in cooking.
Sources:
Fruits and vegetables are the main sources of vitamin C. Fresh
fruits are rich in vitamin C. Specially Amla or the Indian gooseberry
and guavas are the richest source of vitamin C in India. Vegetables
especially green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin C. Roots and
tubers (potatoes) contain very small amounts. Animal foods such
as meat and milk also contain very small amounts.
Deficiency:
Deficiency of vitamin C results in scurvy. It occurs more commonly
in infants due to the diet lacking vitamin C. It also causes delayed
blood clotting and wound healing and also bleeding from gums

19. Vitamin D
It is belied that there are 6 D vitamins, of which D2 or Calciferol, D3
and D4 are chief, Calciferol is the most potent factor.
Sources:
The body obtains vitamin D from two sources: food and sunlight;
(i) Food:—Foods rich in vitamin D are fat-rich fish, eggs, liver, butter
and fish liver oils, the fish liver oils are the richest natural sources of
vitamin D, Foods of vegetable origin do not contain vitamin D.
(ii) Sunlight:—Sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D. The practice of
applying oil to the body and exposing it to sunlight (oil-bath) is a good
Indian custom from the point of view of deriving vitamin D from
sunlight.
Deficiency:
The fundamental change in this deficiency is increased loss of calcium
and phosphate in the faces. This leads to a fall in the blood level and
hence not available for bone formation. Due to this, in children it
causes rickets and osteomalacia in adult. Rickets is more common in
children living in slums where direct sunlight cannot reach the interior
of the dwellings, and these children also cannot afford expensive
animal foods to meet their daily requirement of vitamin D.

21. Vitamin E
It is otherwise known as Anti sterility vitamin.
Functions:
It prevents and cures sterility or infertility.
Sources:
Vitamin E is widely distributed in foods. Vegetable sources
such as: vegetable oils, oil of seeds, green vegetables etc,
are rich in vitamin E though there is no vitamin E in animal
food vet egg yolk is rich in it.
Deficiency:
Deficiency of vitamin E has been associated with habitual
abortion, and testicular degeneration. The animals as well
as human beings fail to give birth. Excessive intake does not
increase fertility but may cure sterility.

23. Vitamin K
It is a heat stable and fat soluble vitamin
Functions:
It helps liver to synthesize and maintain the normal
coating of blood
Sources:
Vitamin K occurs in fresh green vegetables and in fruits
and it also synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
Deficiency:
Deficiency of vitamin K leads to generalized bleeding.
There is evidence that vitamin K administration to
newborn infants decreases the incidence of bleeding.

24. Vitamins Tables

25. Which Fruits
and Vegetable
s should be
eaten
regularly to
get vitamins?
Vitamin Name Food Sources
Vitamin A
Butter, ghee, milk, eggs, fish, leafy Vegetables,
carrots, yellow Pumpkin And Fruits
Vitamin D
Sunlight, Fish, Eggs, Liver, Butter And Fish Liver Oils,
The Fish Liver Oils
Vitamin E Vegetable Oils, Oil Of Seeds, Green Vegetables Etc
Vitamin K Green Vegetables And Fruits
Vitamin C
Amla Or The Indian Gooseberry, Guavas, Green Leafy
Vegetable, Roots And Tubers, Animal Foods
Vitamin B-complex
Milk, Cheese, Eggs, Meat, Fish, Shellfish, , Vegetables,
Green Vegetables, Such As Spinach And Kale, Whole
Grains And Cereals, Kidney Beans, Black Beans,
Chickpeas, Nuts And Seeds, Fruits Such As Citrus,
Banana, And Watermelon, Soy Products, Such As Soy
Milk And Tempeh, Blackstrap Molasses, Wheat Germ,
Yeast
The table below shows food sources for some Vitamins:

26. What are
the
deficiency
diseases?

27. How
much
Amount
of Vitamin
should we
eat daily?

28. How
much is
enough?

29. The
discovery
dates of the
vitamins
and their
sources