Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer layer is made of plates that move over Earth's rocky inner layer. In the early 1900s, Alfred Wegener proposed the idea of continental drift which later developed into the modern theory of plate tectonics. Pangaea, a supercontinent, broke apart starting 200 million years ago and the continents have continued moving apart on separate plates to their current positions. Plate boundaries include divergent boundaries where new crust forms, convergent boundaries where crust is consumed through subduction, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other. The Mariana Plate forms the basement of the Mariana Islands and separates from the Philippine Sea Plate along a divergent boundary, while the Philippine

2. - is the theory that Earth’s outer layer is made
up of plates.
- the rocky inner layer above the floor.
- from the 1950’s through the 1970’s, plate
tectonics is the modern version of
continental drift.

4. - German climatologist and
geophysicist who, in 1915, published
as expanded version of his 1912
book The Origin of Continents and
Oceans.
- He suggested that all the major
continents formed one giant
supercontinent, called PANGEA.
- 200 million years ago, PANGEA
began to rift.

5. - Oceans filled the areas between these
new sub-continents.
- The land masses continued to move
apart, riding on separate plates, until
they reached the positions they
currently occupy.
- What drives plate tectonics? NOT
KNOWN.

6. - One theory said that convection
within the Earth's mantle pushes the
plates;
- in much the same way that air heated
by your body rises upward and is
deflected sideways when it reaches
the ceiling.

7. - Another theory is that gravity
is pulling the older, colder, and
thus heavier ocean floor with
more force than the newer,
lighter seafloor.

8. - the region where plate meet. The
plates may either collide, move away from
each other or slip/slide past each other

9. - Divergent
Boundaries
- Convergent
Boundaries
- Collisional

10. Divergent Boundaries
- Where new crust is
formed.
- Hot mantle rock rises
and partial melting
occurs.

11. Convergent Boundaries
- Where crust is consumed.
- One subducts beneath the
other, and in the process a
trench is formed.

12. - Where two land masses
collide.
- The two crush together.
Collisional Boundaries

13. - Where two plates
slides against each
other.
transform Boundaries

15. Mariana Plate
Philippine Sea Plate

16. The Mariana Plate is a small tectonic plate located west
of the Mariana Trench and forms the basement of
the Mariana Islands. It is separated from the Philippine
Sea Plate by a long divergent boundary with
numerous transform fault offsets. The boundary
between the Mariana and the Pacific Plate to the east is
a subduction zone with the Pacific Plate subducting
beneath the Mariana. The Mariana Trench forms the
southeastern boundary and the Izu-Ogasawara
Trench the northeastern boundary.
Mariana Plate

17. Type Minor
Approx. Area 360,000 km2[1]
Movement1 north-west
Speed1 39-51mm/year
Features
Mariana Islands, Mariana
Trench

18. o The Philippine Mobile Belt is a complex portion of the
tectonic boundary between the Eurasian Plate and
the Philippine Sea Plate, comprising most of the
country of the Philippines.
o It includes two subduction zones, the Manila Trench to
the west and the Philippine Trench to the east, as well
as the Philippine Fault System.
o Within the Belt, a number of crustal blocks or
microplates which have been sheared off the adjoining
major plates are undergoing massive deformation.
Philippine Sea Plate

19. Philippine Sea Plate
Type Minor
Approx. Area 5,500,000 km
2
Movement1 north-west
Speed1 48-84mm/year
Features
Philippines, Philipp
ine Sea