This study evaluated the clinical presentation and causes of pancytopenia in children in Yemen. The most common presentations were fever, splenomegaly, and pallor. The leading causes of pancytopenia were visceral leishmaniasis (51.7%) and malaria (13.8%). Pancytopenia was most common in children under 5 years old, likely due to high rates of infectious diseases like leishmaniasis and malaria in Yemen. Bone marrow examination was important for accurately diagnosing the cause of pancytopenia.

1. P a n c y t o p e n i a i n c h i l d r e n Safa Abdul Rhaman Shukry Gamal Abdul Hamid Hematology-Oncology Department Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital

6. M a t e r i a l a n d M e t h o d s

10. R e s u l t s

15. Table[1]: Clinical Features of Patients presenting with pancytopenia 6.9 2 Gum Hypertrophy and oral ulcer, Bone Pain 13.8 4 Night sweat 20.7 6 Lymph node enlargement 27.6 8 Skin rach and bleeding 31.0 9 Dizziness 48.3 14 Fatigue 51.7 15 Loss of weight 58.6 17 Hepatomegaly 86.7 ➣ 26 Pallor 93.1 ➣ 27 Splenomegaly 96.6 ➣ 28 Fever % Frequency Signs and symptoms

16. R e s u l t s Table[2]: Causes of pancytopenia in children diagnosed by bone marrow examination 1 Drug induced pancytopenia 2 Acute leukemia 2 Aplastic Anemia 2 Hypersplenism 3 Kala-azar and Malaria 4 Malaria 15 Kala-azar No. of cases Causes of pancytopenia

18. R e s u l t s Fig. [3] The relation between age and causes of pancytopenia :

19. R e s u l t s Fig.[4] The relation between sex and causes of pancytopenia :

20. D i s c u s s i o n

26. C o n c l u s i o n

28. R E C O M M E N D A T I O N

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