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PAIN AND PAIN
GATE THEORY
Presented by: Priyanka Bhusal
Pain is defined as unpleasant sensory
and emotional experience associated with
actual or potential tissue damage.
 Gate control theory was described by
Melzack and Wall in 1965.
 This theory explains about a pain-
modulating system in which a neural gate
present in the spinal cord can open and
close thereby modulating the perception of
pain.
1. The substantia gelatinosa in the dorsal
horn
2. The dorsal column fibers
3. The central transmission cells.
 The dorsal horn is responsible for passing
on information which can be interpreted as
pain.
 This area is referred to as the 'gate' as it
prevents the brain from receiving too
much information too quickly.
GATE= Dorsal horn
 Primary: from the ‘nociceptors’ to the
dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
 Secondary: from the dorsal horn to the
thalamus.
 Tertiary: from thalamus to cortex and
awareness.
 The smaller, unmyelenated A (delta) and C
nerve fibers sense pain such as sharp burning
and aching feelings.
 Larger, myelenated A (beta) skin nerves which
carry senses of touch, heat, cold and pressure. •
The A (beta) nerves are faster, and also have
priority which effectively blocks out the pain
messages to the brain and closes the gate.
 Stimulation of the large-diameter fibers (A-Fibers)
activates inhibitory interneuron which inhibits the
transmission of pain (closing the gate).
 Stimulation of the Small-diameter fibers (C-
Fibers) stimulates the transmission of pain
(opening the Gate).
 When the gate is closed, signals from small
diameter pain fibers do not excite the dorsal horn
transmission neurons.
 When the gate is open pain signals excite dorsal
horn transmission cells.
 The gating mechanism is influenced by nerve
impulses that descend from the brain.
1. The amount of activity in the pain fibers.
2. The amount of activity in other peripheral
fibers
3. Messages that descend from the brain.
1. Physical Pain - Analgesic Remedies
2. Emotional Pain - Being in a ‘good’ mood
3. Behavioral Factors - Concentrating on things
other than the injury
4. Relaxation and Contentment
5. Mental factors: work, T.V., book,
6. Activity - Taking exercise
7. counter-stimulation- heat, massage,
acupuncture
 Physical Factors - Bodily injury
 Emotional Factors - Anxiety & Depression
 Behavioral Factors - Attending to the injury
and concentrating on the pain
 Lack of Activity
pain and pain gate theory.pptx

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pain and pain gate theory.pptx

  • 1. PAIN AND PAIN GATE THEORY Presented by: Priyanka Bhusal
  • 2. Pain is defined as unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
  • 3.  Gate control theory was described by Melzack and Wall in 1965.  This theory explains about a pain- modulating system in which a neural gate present in the spinal cord can open and close thereby modulating the perception of pain.
  • 4. 1. The substantia gelatinosa in the dorsal horn 2. The dorsal column fibers 3. The central transmission cells.
  • 5.  The dorsal horn is responsible for passing on information which can be interpreted as pain.  This area is referred to as the 'gate' as it prevents the brain from receiving too much information too quickly. GATE= Dorsal horn
  • 6.  Primary: from the ‘nociceptors’ to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.  Secondary: from the dorsal horn to the thalamus.  Tertiary: from thalamus to cortex and awareness.
  • 7.  The smaller, unmyelenated A (delta) and C nerve fibers sense pain such as sharp burning and aching feelings.  Larger, myelenated A (beta) skin nerves which carry senses of touch, heat, cold and pressure. • The A (beta) nerves are faster, and also have priority which effectively blocks out the pain messages to the brain and closes the gate.
  • 8.  Stimulation of the large-diameter fibers (A-Fibers) activates inhibitory interneuron which inhibits the transmission of pain (closing the gate).  Stimulation of the Small-diameter fibers (C- Fibers) stimulates the transmission of pain (opening the Gate).  When the gate is closed, signals from small diameter pain fibers do not excite the dorsal horn transmission neurons.  When the gate is open pain signals excite dorsal horn transmission cells.  The gating mechanism is influenced by nerve impulses that descend from the brain.
  • 9.
  • 10. 1. The amount of activity in the pain fibers. 2. The amount of activity in other peripheral fibers 3. Messages that descend from the brain.
  • 11. 1. Physical Pain - Analgesic Remedies 2. Emotional Pain - Being in a ‘good’ mood 3. Behavioral Factors - Concentrating on things other than the injury 4. Relaxation and Contentment 5. Mental factors: work, T.V., book, 6. Activity - Taking exercise 7. counter-stimulation- heat, massage, acupuncture
  • 12.  Physical Factors - Bodily injury  Emotional Factors - Anxiety & Depression  Behavioral Factors - Attending to the injury and concentrating on the pain  Lack of Activity