The document discusses various mobility aids designed to assist individuals with mobility and stability issues, detailing their functions, indications, and how they are selected based on patient needs. It covers types of aids like parallel bars, crutches, canes, walkers, and wheelchairs, including specific descriptions of each type, their components, and usage guidelines. Proper measurement and selection of these aids are critical to ensure patient safety and effectiveness in rehabilitation.

1. MOBILITY AIDS:
Presented by:
Priyanka bhusal

2. INTRODUCTION:
• The applicances or devices ,which are useful for
mobility as well as stability purpose of an
individual who cant work independently called
as mobility or walking aids.

3. Indications:
• Pain
• Muscle weakness
• Balancing problems
• Fractures
• Joint diseases
• Injured or inflamed
limb

4. FUNCTION OF MOBILITY AIDS:
• Improve balance
• Give proprioception
• Decrease pain
• Reduce weight bearing on injured or inflamed
structures
• Compensate for weak muscles
• Scan the immediate environment

5. SELECTION:
• Stability of the patient
• Strength of upper and lower limbs
• Co-ordination of upper and lower limbs
• Required degree of relief from weight bearing.

6. TYPES OF MOBILITY AIDS:
• Parallel bars
• Crutches
• Canes
• Walkers
• Wheel chairs
• Braces and splints (orthosis)
• Prosthosis

7. 1) PARALLEL BARS:
• These are rigid, made of wood or metal.
• Support the patient through the length of the bars ,
• Enables the patient to concentrate on the lower
limbs,
• A full length mirror is placed at one for visual
proprioception ,
• Height of the bar should be at the level of greater
trochanter,
• Elbows should be flexed between 25 to 30 degrees,
• Hands should be placed on the bar 6 inches infront
of the patient.

8. PARALLEL BAR

9. USES:
• Parallel bars are used to help people to regain
their strength, balance, rom, and independence.
• These are also used for co ordination exercises,
task oriented exercise for the neurological
patients.
• These are also used for ambulation exercises to
improve patient ability to walk independently.
• The training typically begins on parallel bars and
then progress to crutches, walkers and canes.

10. 2) CRUTCHES:
• Crutches are used mostly to relieve the weight
bearing
• 3 types of crutches are available
• 1.Axillary crutch
• 2.Elbow crutch
• 3.Gutter crutch

11. AXILLARY CRUTCH:
• Axillary crutch provides the maximum stability
and support to the patient than any other
crutches.
• It gives more than 80% of the stability to the
patient.
• This crutches are recommended to the patient’s
who are having marked instability.
• It is made of aluminium, steel, wood.

12. PARTS OF AXILLARY CRUTCH
• Axillary pad
• Hand grip
• Rubber ferrule

13. AXILLARY PAD:
• It is situated in the top portion of the crutch.
• It should be placed 5cm below the axilla, if not
pad compress in the axilla cause neuropraxia of
the axillary nerve, radial nerve, or brachial
plexus.
• Axillary pad is made up of metal and is covered
by the cushion materials to avoid the damage to
the lateral aspect of the chest wall.
• The axillary pad is placed laterally to provide
lateral stability.

14. HAND GRIP:
• It is made up of plastic material, and sometimes
covered by cushion material.
• Hand grip normally comes around the greater
trochantric area of the person using it.
• It has the adjustable screws or clips to adjust the
height.
• Some crutches have the adjustable hand grip
buttons.

15. RUBBER FERRULE:
• It is situated in the lower end of the crutch.
• This rubber tip provides more grip for the
patient while walking in the normal/slippery
surface.

16. MEASUREMENT OF CRUTCH:
• Before giving crutch to the patient, it should be
measured perfectly because, lengthier crutch
may cause compression over the axilla, which
leads to neuropraxia.
• Sometimes if it is small, the patients’s gait
pattern may change or it may cause some other
complication like back ache.

17. CRUTCH MEASUREMENT:
SHOES OFF SHOES ON
LYING LYING
STANDING STANDING

18. SHOES OFF:
• Supine lying:- has to be measured from the apex
of the axilla to the medial malleolus. This is the
accurate measurement
• Standing:- two inches below the axilla to the two
inches lateral and six inches anterior to the foot
when the patient is standing

19. SHOES ON:
• Supine lying:- this type of measurement is taken
with the patient wearing shoes. The
measurement taken from 5 cm below the apex of
axilla to the 20 cm lateral to the heel of the shoe.
This is not accurate method of measuring crutch
length
• Standing:- same like shoes off method taken in
standing position

20. HANDGRIP MEASUREMENT:
• The measurement taken from the 5 cm below the
apex of the axilla to the ulnar styloid process in
the elbow in 20° – 30° flexed position

21. ELBOW CRUTCHES:
• It gives less stability (60%) than the axillary
crutch.
• Elbow crutches are recommended to the patient
with minimal instability in walking.
• It is made up of aluminium, metal, or plastic.

22. PARTS OF ELBOW CRUTCHES:
• Fore arm cuff
• Single upright
• Hand piece
• Rubber ferrule

23. • Fore arm cuff:- It is made up of metals and is
coated by plastic or cushion materials, placed
just below the elbow joint.
• Single upright:- It has proximal and distal
adjustable press clips.
• Proximal one to adjust the height of the fore arm
cuff and the distal one to adjust the height of the
crutches.

24. ELBOW CRUTCH MEASUREMENT:
The measurement taken from the ulnar styloid
process with the elbow in 20° - 30° flexion to the
20 cm lateral to the heel or the heel of the shoe

25. GUTTER CRUTCH:
• It is similar to the elbow crutch, having extra
with a padded fore arm support.
• These are mainly used for rheumatoid hand or
fracture of wrist/hand, who require some form
of support but cannot take weight through
hands, wrist, elbows because of deformity
and/or pain.

26. PARTS OF GUTTER CRUTCH:
• Fore arm supporting pad with strap
• Single upright
• Hand piece
• Rubber ferrule

27. MEASUREMENT:
• Lying:- the measurement taken from the point of
flexed elbow to 20 cm lateral to the heel (shoes
on)
• Standing:- the measurement taken from the
elbow to the floor

28. CANES:
• Canes are ambulatory assistive devices used for
improving postural stability.
• It is generally prescribed for the people with
moderate mobility impairment.
• It is typically used when minimal stability is
needed.
• Cane in the day to day life are called as walking
sticks.
• These are made up of wood, metal, or
aluminium.

29. TYPES:
• 1.Standard canes
• 2.Standard adjustable canes
• 3.Standard adjustable offset canes
• 4.Tripod canes
• 5.Quadripod canes

30. PARTS OF CANES:
• Hand grip
• Adjustable clips
• Rubber ferrule

31. TRIPODS AND QUADRIPODS:
• It has the 4 or 3 leg with the rubber tip and it
gives the broader base, because of this the BOS
will be more.
• Available in offset and also in standard models.
• Gives more stability than the other varieties.
QUADRIPODS

32. • This is more useful for neurological cases like
hemiplegia, and in some lower limb injuries.
• Height adjustable screws are also available.
• It is difficulty carry on the stairs if the base is
broader.
TRIPODS

33. WALKERS:
• Walkers are useful in non-weight bearing,
partial weight bearing, and full weight bearing
gait pattern. It gives more stability as it has
boarder base. Since the COG falls within the
BOS, it gives anterior as well as lateral stability.
• The walker is having is having two anterior and
two lateral bars, the horizontal bar connects all
the vertical bars in the three sides, and one side
is kept open.

34. TYPES:
• Rigid walking frame
• Foldable walker
• Gutter walker
• Reciprocal walker
• rollator

35. ADVANTAGE:
• Stability
• Security
• Light and adjustable
• DISADVANTAGES:
• Difficulty to use on stairs
• Difficulty through door step or entrance

36. WHEELCHAIR:
• This is one of the variety of mobility aids
• The patient who has both the lower limbs non
functioning or partially functioning has to be
recommended for the wheel chair
• It is the secondary house for the patient, because
he has to spend more time with it

37. WHEELCHAIR:
• It may be modified depending on the condition
of the patient .
• It gives 100% stability to the patient.
• Normally, wheel chairs are recommended for
paraplegic, quadriplegic, muscular dystrophy,
spinal cord injuries, and fracture conditions.
• It provides physical and as well as mental
support