Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation: impacts on Antarctic climate and reconstructions from Antarctic ice core data
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Presentation given at the PAGES symposium in Chile in October 2010. (NB I gave this talk before O'Donnell et al. was published so I'd probably do it differently now.)
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![Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation: impacts on Antarctic climate and reconstructions from Antarctic ice core data Andrew Russell 1 and Glenn McGregor 2 1 Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, UK. 2 School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand [email_address]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pages2010-110226063616-phpapp01/85/Southern-Hemisphere-atmospheric-circulation-impacts-on-Antarctic-climate-and-reconstructions-from-Antarctic-ice-core-data-1-320.jpg)
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View these slides and transport yourself, albeit in your armchair, to the last great adventure left to mankind.
If you are looking to explore this amazing continent please contact us. We have many options available to suit your schedule and budget.
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Colors of the World_ Antarctica (and Humans)
This short document provides credits for a video about Antarctica and humans. It lists the title "Colors of the World _ Antarctica (and humans)" and credits the image source and music used in the video. The document also notes the creator's initials and thanks viewers for watching.
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Greening of the Arctic: Climate change and circumpolar Arctic vegetation
Fulbright Lecture given to the Botany Department, Ceske Budejovice University, Czech Republic, 27 April 2011
Arctic climate Change: observed and modelled temperature and sea-ice variability
1) Two pronounced warming events are seen in observed Arctic temperatures in the early 20th century and from 1980 onwards. The early warming was confined to north of 60°N while the recent warming encompasses the whole Earth but is amplified in the Arctic.
2) The spatial patterns of temperature trends during the early 20th century warming and subsequent cooling periods were similar, suggesting natural climate variability, while the recent warming trend has a distinctively different pattern.
3) Modeling studies suggest the early 20th century warming was likely due to natural processes within the climate system, while no models have been able to produce the recent global warming without including anthropogenic forcing from greenhouse gases.
Quaternary cycles
Milankovitch cycles, which describe variations in the Earth's orbit and axis, were originally thought to be the primary driver of glacial cycles during the Quaternary period. However, they cannot fully explain the observed changes, including the shift from 40,000-year to 100,000-year cycles around 0.9 million years ago. Other proposed mechanisms include feedbacks between atmospheric CO2 levels and climate, modulation of precession cycles by eccentricity, changes in ocean circulation like the thermohaline circulation, and switching between extensive and minimal sea ice coverage around ice sheets. While the exact causes are still debated, most scientists agree that orbital forcing alone cannot account for glacial oscillations and that internal feedbacks within the
Bot deptlecture20110310(1)
Lecture to the Masaryk Univ. Botany and Zoology Department (not one of the 6 Arctic Ecology lectures).
tc-7-321-2013
This study analyzed observed sea ice trends from 1980-2008 to evaluate regional variations and identify optimal climate models. Key findings:
1) Winter sea ice extent in the Atlantic region declined significantly faster than other regions, at a rate of 8.6% per decade.
2) A lead-lag analysis found warmer Atlantic Ocean temperatures were associated with reduced winter sea ice extent in that region.
3) Thirteen climate models were evaluated based on their ability to hindcast observed pan-Arctic and regional sea ice trends. The best performing models were selected to project future sea ice changes.
4) Projections from the selected models suggest reduced sea ice cover along the Northwest and Northeast Passages, with potential
Intro Yamaltalk(1)
The document provides an overview of the Yamal LCLUC Project and the objectives of a meeting. It summarizes that the project examines linkages between greening trends in the Arctic, impacts on reindeer herding Nenets people, and regional sea ice conditions. Field research and modeling is conducted along a bioclimate transect on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia to understand how changing patterns of sea ice may affect terrestrial ecosystems and indigenous populations with increasing oil/gas development and climate change. The agenda outlines presentations on natural systems, remote sensing results, field expedition reports, and modeling over three days.
Larsen ice shelf has progressively thinned
The document discusses satellite radar altimeter measurements of elevation changes in the Larsen Ice Shelf between 1992 and 2001. It finds that the ice shelf lowered by up to 0.27 meters per year on average. This thinning is explained by increased summer meltwater and loss of basal ice through melting. Enhanced ocean-driven melting may provide a link between regional climate warming and the successive breakup of sections of the Larsen Ice Shelf. Testing rules out other potential causes of thinning like changes in sea level, ocean density, or surface accumulation. The long-term thinning observed suggests meltwater production alone does not account for the lowering, indicating additional thinning mechanisms are also involved.
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This document compares in situ wind speed observations from Wave Glider deployments in the Southern Ocean to several satellite-derived and reanalysis wind products. The study finds that the ECMWF reanalysis product best represents the temporal variability of winds compared to in situ data. However, the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis II product matches observed trends in deviation from the mean wind speed and best depicts the mean wind state, especially during high wind periods. Overall, the high-resolution ECMWF product performs best during lower wind conditions with lower wind speed biases across categories.
Kim Cobb's Borneo stalagmite talk - AGU 2015
This talk presents the latest results from the Borneo stalagmite project that seeks to reconstruct Western tropical Pacific hydrology over the last half million years. We discuss our results in the context of climate forcing, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, and climate modeling studies.
FinalDraft
The document discusses how snow and ice coverage in Antarctica is affected by climate change. It describes how greenhouse gas emissions are increasing global temperatures, causing ice sheets and glaciers to melt. This ice melt contributes to rising sea levels. The document also examines differences in ice melt between East and West Antarctica. Researchers study patterns like the Southern Annual Mode to better understand Antarctica's climate and how human activities like ozone depletion are impacting the region.
Climate Change an hazard zonation on the circum-arctic permafrost region
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on permafrost regions and the associated hazards. It finds that warming is expected to be amplified in polar regions, causing thawing of permafrost and northward shift in its boundaries. As permafrost thaws, it can cause severe subsidence in ice-rich areas, damaging infrastructure. The document presents maps showing potential changes to permafrost distribution and increased thawing depth under climate change scenarios. Areas with extensive infrastructure development in ice-rich coastal regions and parts of Alaska, Canada, and Siberia are identified as facing the greatest hazards from thawing permafrost.
Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean During the 1990's as Determine by Lag...
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Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Wind Vector Fields and Arctic Sea-Ice Le...
Ice packs are constantly subject to ocean current and wind forces, causing cracks to form in rigid winter sea ice. Under enough stress, these cracks can propagate into large-scale fractures, or “leads”. Understanding how sea-ice leads form can provide insight into the net thinning of the Arctic sea-ice pack.
Leads in the Arctic sea-ice pack occur in distinct geometric patterns and sequences similar to those in rock. This suggests that the Mohr Coulomb principle of rock brittle deformation can possibly explain the spatial and temporal distribution of brittle failure in sea ice.
Impact of Climate Modes such as El Nino on Australian Rainfall
This document analyzes the impact of large-scale climate modes like ENSO, IOD, and SAM on daily and subdaily rainfall characteristics in east Australia. It finds that the occurrence of rainfall events, rather than average rainfall intensity, is most influenced by these climate modes. This is shown to be associated with changes in the time between wet spells. Furthermore, ENSO remains the leading driver of rainfall variability in east Australia, especially further inland during winter and spring. The results have implications for water resource management and how climate models capture rainfall variability.
Reexamining future projections of Arctic climate linkages
10 May 2024…
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Student/Postdoc Seminar (Presentation): Reexamining future projections of Arctic climate linkages, Princeton University, USA.
References...
Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2018), Contributions of ice thickness to the atmospheric response from projected Arctic sea ice loss,
Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2018GL078158
Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2019). The effect of QBO phase on the atmospheric response to projected Arctic sea ice loss in early winter, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2019GL083095
Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2020). Warm Arctic, cold Siberia pattern: role of full Arctic amplification versus sea ice loss alone, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2020GL088583
Labe, Z.M., May 2020: The effects of Arctic sea-ice thickness loss and stratospheric variability on mid-latitude cold spells. University of California, Irvine. Doctoral Dissertation.
Peings, Y., Z.M. Labe, and G. Magnusdottir (2021), Are 100 ensemble members enough to capture the remote atmospheric response to +2°C Arctic sea ice loss? Journal of Climate, DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0613.1
Antarctic climate history and global climate changes
Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.
Iab2008 goa0811120(1)
Greening of the Arctic: An IPY initiative
1-Rationale and overview of the GOA initiative.
2-North American Arctic Transect.
3-Yamal Russia Transect.
4-Circumpolar analysis of 28-year trends of sea-ice concentration, land-surface temperatures and greening patterns
FrederickSymposiumPoster
1. Tree ring data from trees across the Far East of Russia were used to develop chronologies of climate variables like temperature and precipitation over the past two centuries.
2. Statistical analysis showed the tree ring data correlated strongly with observational records of discharge from the Amur River. This allowed the reconstruction of Amur River discharge beyond the observational record.
3. Reconstructions show Amur River discharge is highly variable over time but declines in discharge correlate with cooler summer temperature periods and decreased solar irradiance, helping explain some of the factors influencing changes in river flow.
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This document discusses using an Earth System Model (ESM) based on the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) to project future changes in the South Asian monsoon under changing climate conditions. It notes challenges in modeling the monsoon including uncertainties in present-day simulations. It outlines the ESM development strategy at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology including incorporating aerosol, biogeochemistry and ecosystem modules into CFS. Validation of CFS shows reasonable representation of climatological rainfall and variability. Analyses of CFS droughts suggest atmosphere-ocean coupling and monsoon-midlatitude interactions can influence droughts.
Samec - Regression analysis of relations among main Quaternary environmental ...
This document analyzes relationships between environmental change indicators during the Quaternary period using regression analysis. It uses proxy data from loess/paleosol sequences in China, deep sea sediments in the east Pacific, and ice cores from East Antarctica to represent glacial/interglacial cycles. Exploratory analysis, interpolation, and multiple regression methods were used to analyze relationships between the proxy records over the middle to late Pleistocene. Results found weaker correlations between soil properties and climate cycles compared to other proxies. Logistic regression also suggested temporal variability in relationships between climate change factors and sediment properties.
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Impact of Climate Modes such as El Nino on Australian Rainfall
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Reexamining future projections of Arctic climate linkages
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Samec - Regression analysis of relations among main Quaternary environmental ...
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation: impacts on Antarctic climate and reconstructions from Antarctic ice core data
- 1. Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation: impacts on Antarctic climate and reconstructions from Antarctic ice core data Andrew Russell 1 and Glenn McGregor 2 1 Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, UK. 2 School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand [email_address]
- 2. Acknowledgements Scientific Committee, Valdivia PAGES 2010 Gareth Marshall , British Antarctic Survey Rob Mulvaney , British Antarctic Survey
- 5. Turner et al. (2005) “Antarctic climate change during the last 50 years” International Journal of Climatology 25 , 279-294.
- 6. Steig et al. (2009) “Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year” Nature 457 , 459-462.
- 7. The impact of atmospheric circulation on Antarctic climate
- 10. The Southern Annular Mode http://www.niwa.co.nz
- 11. The Southern Annular Mode http://www.niwa.co.nz
- 14. Changes in the Southern Annular Mode IPCC (2007)
- 15. Changes in the Southern Annular Mode Gillett and Thompson (2003) Simulation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change. Science, 302, 273–275. Thompson and Solomon (2002) Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change. Science, 296, 895–899. IPCC (2007) Marshall (2003)
- 16. Atmospheric circulation reconstructions from Antarctic ice cores
- 17. Legrand and Kirchner (1988) “Polar atmospheric circulation and chemistry of recent (1957–1983) south polar precipitation” Geophysical Research Letters 15 , 879–882. Winter [Na]
- 18. Kreutz and Mayewski (1999) “Spatial variability of Antarctic surface snow glaciochemistry: implications for paleoatmospheric circulation reconstruction”. Antarctic Science 11 , 105–118. EOF(Siple Dome) ASL
- 19. MJJ [Na] Goodwin et al. (2004) “Mid latitude climate variability in the South Indian and South-West Pacific regions since 1300 AD”. Climate Dynamics , 22 , 783–794.
- 20. MJJ [Na] Goodwin et al. (2004) “Mid latitude climate variability in the South Indian and South-West Pacific regions since 1300 AD”. Climate Dynamics , 22 , 783–794.
- 22. Russell et al. (2008) ASL