Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor who founded Analytical Cubism between 1908-1912 in France. Analytical Cubism involves deconstructing or breaking down forms into basic geometric shapes and analyzing how an image can be observed from different viewpoints. One of Picasso's portraits from 1910 is analyzed as an example, identifying the geometric shapes like diamonds, rectangles, triangles, and parallelograms that make up the portrait. The document provides steps for a Cubism art project that breaks an image into geometric shapes and colors to recreate the image in Picasso's Cubist style.