This document summarizes a presentation on a research partnership in Mozambique studying climate change mitigation through REDD+ and its interactions with agriculture. The partnership includes CIFOR, Eduardo Mondlane University, Centro Terra Viva, and other institutions. It aims to present early results and influence policy development in Mozambique. Deforestation rates in Mozambique are high, largely due to agriculture, wood energy, and unsustainable logging. Early results identified the main drivers of deforestation and show that agriculture expansion, population growth, and weak governance are underling challenges for REDD+ in Mozambique. The results are beginning to influence national REDD+ strategy, reference levels, policies, and

1. Research partnership on climate
change mitigation through REDD+ and
the interactions with agriculture
Almeida Sitoe
Department of Forestry, Eduardo Mondlane University,
Maputo, Mozambique
Second Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD2) Punta del Este,
Uruguay, 29 October – 1 November 2012

2. Objective of the presentation
• Present joint work with CIFOR which was initiated
through national level stakeholder processes in
Mozambique
• Present the interface involving a CGIAR
Center, national institutions, academia and civil
society
• Present the role of actors at all levels in relation
to emerging policy options, particularly REDD+
• Present early results and how these are
influencing policy development in Mozambique

3. Introduction
• Mozambique is one of the
countries in Southern Africa
with high forest cover
• Deforestation is high (0.58% per
year and increasing)
• About 80% of the GHG
emissions are from agriculture
land forest mand use
• Therefore engaged on REDD+ as
an opportunity to reduce
emissions while improving SFM

4. The REDD+ Process in Mozambique
• Coordination by the Ministry of Environment
(MICOA) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAG)
• Funding provided by the Norwegian Government
• South-South Collaboration: to develop the initial
ideas of REDD+ at national level (since 2009)
– A group of Mozambican Institutions
• Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM)
• Centro Terra Viva (CTV)
– Amazonia Sustainable Foundation (FAF) - Brazil
– International Institute fo Environment and
Development (IIED) - UK
– Indufor - Finland

5. Global Comparative studies on REDD+
• 12 countries: Brazil, Bolivia, Cameroon, Democratic
Republic of Congo (DRC), Indonesia, Nepal, Peru,
Tanzania, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea (PNG),
Mozambique, and Burkina Faso
• The goal of the study is to influence REDD+ design and
implementation at three scales:
– Local: Site and landscape project activities, including
methods for community-based monitoring
– National: Development of strategies and policies, including
scenarios for national reference levels
– Global: REDD architecture in the global post-2012 climate-
protection agreement

6. Source of Funds

7. Early results for Mozambique
• Drivers of deforestation and forest
degradation
– Wood energy
– Agriculture
– Unsustainable logging
– Mining

8. Underlying causes of Agriculture-
related deforestation
• Subsistence agriculture (food production)
• Limited access to technologies
• Slash-and-burn agriculture
• Of the 800,000 cash crop growers, 99%
are smallholders covering >243.000 ha
(76% of the cash crop area) (2009-2010)

9. Underlying factors for deforestation
and forest degradation
• Demographic factors - population growth,
density, and urbanization
• Technological factors – low productivity
agriculture
• Economic factors – export commodities
(sesame, tobacco, cotton, timber)
• Institutional factors – weak institutional
capacity

10. Implications for REDD+
• Land ownership insecurity may promote
further deforestation
• Most vulnerable people may be
negatively affected
• Need to define Forest and Carbon rights

11. Comparative results:
REDD+ process ownership
• REDD+ process is driven by domestic
actors, high national ownership over
their REDD+ process, there is strong
coalition building among state and non-
state actors in support of REDD+
– Mozambique, Brazil, Indonesia
Peru, Vietnam

12. Comparative studies:
Governance and institutional setup
• Weak governance and institutional
set-ups such as functioning multi-
level governance system and
effectiveness of forest
legislation, policy and governance
–Mozambique, PNG, Nepal, Indonesia, B
urkina Faso, DRC

13. How are the results influencing
processes at national level
• Public Consultation
• Training and
• Civil Society CIFOR
Capacity Building
engagement
• Private sector CTV • Research
participation
(+ UEM
IIED, FAS
) REDD+ National REDD+ National REDD+
REDD+ Piloting
Strategy Reference Level
Policies
MINAG MICOA
• Agriculture • Climate Change
• Forestry Policies
• Land issues • Cross-sector
coordination

14. Thank you!