The document reviews the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and factors that can affect oxygenation. It discusses the structure and physiology of the respiratory system, including pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, and perfusion. It also covers the cardiovascular system's role in transporting respiratory gases. Several factors are described as influencing oxygenation, such as health status, medications, lifestyle, environment, and psychological health. Specific conditions related to altered oxygenation levels and breathing patterns are defined. Obstructions in the airway that can occur are also outlined.

1. OXYGENATION

2. REVIEW OF CARDIO VASCULAR AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

3. Structure of respiratory system

4. Physiology of respiratory system
• Gas exchange made possible by
– Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) : is the
movement of air in and out of the lungs
Inspiration And Expiration
– Respiration : gas exchange occurs air and blood
by diffusion
– Perfusion: oxygenated capillary blood passes
trough the tissues of the body in the process called
perfusion

5. The cardiovascular system and
transport of respiratory gases

6. Factors affecting oxygenation
• Levels of health
– Acute and chronic illness
• Developmental consideration
• Medication
– Benzodiazepines sedatives-hypnotics and anti
anxiety drugs
– Barbiturates
– Narcotics

7. Factors affecting oxygenation
• Lifestyle
• Environment
• Psychological health

8. Alternations in oxygenations
• HYPOXIA
• HYPERCAPNIA/HYPERCARBIA
• HYPOXEMIA
• CYANOSIS

9. Altered breathing patterns
• EUPNEA
• TACHYPNEA
• BRADYPNEA
• APNEA
• ORTHOPNEA
• DYSPNEA
• KUSSMAUL’S
BREATHING
• CHEYENE STOKES
RESPIRATION
• BIOT’S (CLUSTER)
RESPIRATION
• ATAXIC RESPIRATION
• APNEUSTIC
RESPIRATION
• HYPERVENTILATION
• HYPOVENTILATION

10. Obstructed airway
• The upper airway obstructed by foreign
subjects such as food
• Lower respiratory tract due to accumulation of
mucus or inflammatory exudates

11. THANK YOU