The document provides an overview of secret management solutions and architectures. It discusses what secrets are and why secret management is important. Some key points:
- Secrets include authentication credentials, API keys, passwords, and certificates that need access control. As services increase, so do secrets.
- An ideal secret management solution provides security, encryption, access control, auditing, ease of use, and integration with other tools.
- Version control systems and orchestration tools like Kubernetes can be used for secrets but have limitations compared to dedicated secret management solutions.
- AWS offers Parameter Store, Secrets Manager, and KMS for secret management. Parameter Store is generally recommended, while Secrets Manager is better for database
This session is focused on the Hashicorp vault which is a secret management tool. We can manage secrets for 2-3 environments but what if we have more than 10 environments, then it will become a very painful task to manage them when secrets are dynamic and need to be rotated after some time. Hashicorp vault can easily manage secrets for both static and dynamic also it can help in secret rotations.
In this talk, Oded Hareven, Co-Founder & CEO of Akeyless.io, discusses the history of the movement toward best practices in password, token, key, and credential management, including HSMs, KMSs, PAMs, and PKI management. He explores how secrets management is now a MUST for DevOps and security teams of all enterprises and why the right tool needs to be cloud-agnostic, cloud-native, integrable with any DevOps pipelines, and infinitely scalable.
Secret Management with Hashicorp’s VaultAWS Germany
When running a Kubernetes Cluster in AWS there are secrets like AWS and Kubernetes credentials, access information for databases or integration with the company LDAP that need to be stored and managed.
HashiCorp’s Vault secures, stores, and controls access to tokens, passwords, certificates, API keys, and other secrets . It handles leasing, key revocation, key rolling, and auditing.
This talk will give an overview of secret management in general and Vault’s concepts. The talk will explain how to make use of Vault’s extensive feature set and show patterns that implement integration between Kubernetes applications and Vault.
Kubernetes Secrets Management on Production with DemoOpsta
Are you still keep your credential in your code?
This session will show you how to do secrets management in best practices with Hashicorp Vault with a demo on Kubernetes
Jirayut Nimsaeng
Founder & CEO
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Youtube Record: https://youtu.be/kBgePhkmRMA
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HashiCorp Vault secures, stores, and tightly controls access to tokens, passwords, certificates, API keys, and other secrets in modern computing. We'll show how this works.
This session is focused on the Hashicorp vault which is a secret management tool. We can manage secrets for 2-3 environments but what if we have more than 10 environments, then it will become a very painful task to manage them when secrets are dynamic and need to be rotated after some time. Hashicorp vault can easily manage secrets for both static and dynamic also it can help in secret rotations.
In this talk, Oded Hareven, Co-Founder & CEO of Akeyless.io, discusses the history of the movement toward best practices in password, token, key, and credential management, including HSMs, KMSs, PAMs, and PKI management. He explores how secrets management is now a MUST for DevOps and security teams of all enterprises and why the right tool needs to be cloud-agnostic, cloud-native, integrable with any DevOps pipelines, and infinitely scalable.
Secret Management with Hashicorp’s VaultAWS Germany
When running a Kubernetes Cluster in AWS there are secrets like AWS and Kubernetes credentials, access information for databases or integration with the company LDAP that need to be stored and managed.
HashiCorp’s Vault secures, stores, and controls access to tokens, passwords, certificates, API keys, and other secrets . It handles leasing, key revocation, key rolling, and auditing.
This talk will give an overview of secret management in general and Vault’s concepts. The talk will explain how to make use of Vault’s extensive feature set and show patterns that implement integration between Kubernetes applications and Vault.
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Are you still keep your credential in your code?
This session will show you how to do secrets management in best practices with Hashicorp Vault with a demo on Kubernetes
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Founder & CEO
Opsta (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
Youtube Record: https://youtu.be/kBgePhkmRMA
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HashiCorp Vault secures, stores, and tightly controls access to tokens, passwords, certificates, API keys, and other secrets in modern computing. We'll show how this works.
Presentation done at the November meeting of the Sudoers Barcelona group (https://www.meetup.com/sudoersbcn/).
HashiCorp Vault (https://www.vaultproject.io/)
"Vault és una eina per emmagatzemar i gestionar secrets. Veurem què ofereix, com instal·lar-la, utilitzar-la i operar-la, i la nostra experiència."
Unique course notes for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) for each section of the exam. Designed to be engaging and used as a reference in the future for kubernetes concepts.
Hashicorp Vault - Manage Secrets and Protect Sensitive Data.
Vault is becoming the most popular tool to manage, secure, store and tightly control access to tokens, passwords, certificates, encryption keys for protecting secrets and other sensitive data using a UI, CLI, or HTTP API.
In this talk we will know the most powerful features of Hashicorp in both versions (OpenSource & Enterprise) and how we can implement a solution in our dynamic infrastructure.
Describes 3 levels of complexity when implementing a secret management architecture, and presents 2 real world examples.
Technologies used: Hashicorp Vault, Chef Vault, AWS KMS, git-crypt.
Eliminating Secret Sprawl in the Cloud with HashiCorp Vault - 07.11.2018HashiCorp
Managing secrets in a distributed cloud world requires a new approach to security. Applications and systems are now frequently created and destroyed. The network between distributed clouds, applications, and systems is low-trust, furthering the complexities of secrets sprawl. So, what is the solution?
HashiCorp Vault seeks to solve the problem of secret sprawl by centralizing secrets management in a scalable, repeatable workflow to be able to create, manage, and revoke secrets as needed.
Watch this webinar to learn:
- How Vault addresses today’s security threats
- How security teams can use Vault to store and manage all their secrets across their private and public infrastructure, globally.
- How Adobe reduced secret sprawl, increased operational performance of a key security process, and processes 100 trillion transactions with Vault
For full webinar recording: https://hashicorp.com/resources/eliminating-secret-sprawl-in-the-cloud
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Slides from "Managing Secrets at scale" at Velocity EU 2015
Secrets come in many shapes and sizes: database API keys, database passwords, private keys. Distributing and managing these secrets is usually an afterthought. It's hard to get right, and can be very expensive if you get it wrong. In this session, we'll look at the core operations and properties that make up a good secret management system, and how these principals can be implemented
This Deck, gives you an overview of the zero trust security posture, considerations you should have while looking to adopt that posture, and the advantages of doing so.
PerconaLive 2016 Santa Clara presentation on Hashicorp Vault with CTO Armon Dadger
https://www.percona.com/live/data-performance-conference-2016/sessions/using-vault-decouple-secrets-applications
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With a minimum security baseline in place, you can host data—which means data protection is required. In this session, we discuss defining an encryption strategy and selecting native AWS tools (AWS KMS, AWS CloudHSM) or third-party tools; defining key rotation and key protection mechanisms; and defining data at rest and data in transit protection requirements.
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Presentation done at the November meeting of the Sudoers Barcelona group (https://www.meetup.com/sudoersbcn/).
HashiCorp Vault (https://www.vaultproject.io/)
"Vault és una eina per emmagatzemar i gestionar secrets. Veurem què ofereix, com instal·lar-la, utilitzar-la i operar-la, i la nostra experiència."
Unique course notes for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) for each section of the exam. Designed to be engaging and used as a reference in the future for kubernetes concepts.
Hashicorp Vault - Manage Secrets and Protect Sensitive Data.
Vault is becoming the most popular tool to manage, secure, store and tightly control access to tokens, passwords, certificates, encryption keys for protecting secrets and other sensitive data using a UI, CLI, or HTTP API.
In this talk we will know the most powerful features of Hashicorp in both versions (OpenSource & Enterprise) and how we can implement a solution in our dynamic infrastructure.
Describes 3 levels of complexity when implementing a secret management architecture, and presents 2 real world examples.
Technologies used: Hashicorp Vault, Chef Vault, AWS KMS, git-crypt.
Eliminating Secret Sprawl in the Cloud with HashiCorp Vault - 07.11.2018HashiCorp
Managing secrets in a distributed cloud world requires a new approach to security. Applications and systems are now frequently created and destroyed. The network between distributed clouds, applications, and systems is low-trust, furthering the complexities of secrets sprawl. So, what is the solution?
HashiCorp Vault seeks to solve the problem of secret sprawl by centralizing secrets management in a scalable, repeatable workflow to be able to create, manage, and revoke secrets as needed.
Watch this webinar to learn:
- How Vault addresses today’s security threats
- How security teams can use Vault to store and manage all their secrets across their private and public infrastructure, globally.
- How Adobe reduced secret sprawl, increased operational performance of a key security process, and processes 100 trillion transactions with Vault
For full webinar recording: https://hashicorp.com/resources/eliminating-secret-sprawl-in-the-cloud
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Whether it is per business unit or per application, many AWS customers use multiple accounts to meet their infrastructure isolation, separation of duties, and billing requirements. In this session, we cover considerations, limitations, and security patterns when building a multi-account strategy. We explore topics such as thought pattern, identity federation, cross-account roles, consolidated logging, and account governance. We conclude by presenting an enterprise-ready landing-zone framework and providing the background needed to implement an AWS Landing Zone using AWS Control Tower and AWS Organizations.
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Join us for four days of security and compliance sessions and hands-on labs led by our AWS security pros during AWS Security Week at the San Francisco Loft. Join us for all four days, or pick just the days that are most relevant to you. We'll open on Monday with Security 101 day, followed by sessions Tuesday on Identity and Access Management, our popular Threat Detection and Remediation day Wednesday will feature an updated GuardDuty lab, and we'll end Thursday with Incident Response sessions, labs, and a talk by Netflix on their new open source IR tool. This week will also feature Dome9 as a sponsor, and you can hear them speak and present a hands-on workshop Monday during Security 101 day.
Slides from "Managing Secrets at scale" at Velocity EU 2015
Secrets come in many shapes and sizes: database API keys, database passwords, private keys. Distributing and managing these secrets is usually an afterthought. It's hard to get right, and can be very expensive if you get it wrong. In this session, we'll look at the core operations and properties that make up a good secret management system, and how these principals can be implemented
This Deck, gives you an overview of the zero trust security posture, considerations you should have while looking to adopt that posture, and the advantages of doing so.
PerconaLive 2016 Santa Clara presentation on Hashicorp Vault with CTO Armon Dadger
https://www.percona.com/live/data-performance-conference-2016/sessions/using-vault-decouple-secrets-applications
Attendees will learn how to leverage the identity and authorisation, network security and secrets management features of the wider AWS platform for their containers, including Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) and Amazon Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (Amazon EKS). We also discuss best practices for the security of your container images such as scanning them for known vulnerabilities.
With a minimum security baseline in place, you can host data—which means data protection is required. In this session, we discuss defining an encryption strategy and selecting native AWS tools (AWS KMS, AWS CloudHSM) or third-party tools; defining key rotation and key protection mechanisms; and defining data at rest and data in transit protection requirements.
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Evolution of kubernetes and uses cases is more valuable when your team can manage secrets in more secure context for all teams!! Involve secure team and dev team for this process is very essential because you need broke this dependency with external-secrets!!
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It is not a secret that it is hard to manage sensitive information. Azure Key Vault allows you to securely store this kind of information ranging from secrets & certificates to cryptographic keys.
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2. About this talk
Three goals:
1. Raise awareness of good secret management practices, what it is and why it’s important
2. Identify characteristics of a good solution
3. Overview of solutions on AWS, Azure and Kubernetes
Daniel Summerfield’s talk “Turtles all the way down”
3. What’s a secret
- A secret is anything that you want to control access to, such as API keys, passwords, certificates,
and more.
- More services = more authentication = more secrets
- People tend to take insecure shortcuts: hardcoding secrets in source code, container images,
configuration files. Credentials are shared via email, slack, and shared folders.
4. What is secret management
Secret management concerns with:
1. Storage
2. Secret lifecycle (creation, modification, distribution, destruction,
auditing - tracking secrets back in time)
3. Recovery and remediation
5. What’s an ideal secret management solution
- Security
- Encryption ( at rest/ in transit)
- Fine grained access control
- Good access logs
- Easy to manage and cheap to operate
- Central location to operate on secrets
- No more remembering where secrets are kept
- Easy to integrate, scalable
7. SM with Version
Control
- Pros:
1. Easy to get started
2. Encryption at rest + in transit
3. Some compartmentalization
- Cons:
1. No access history
2. Difficult to rotate secret
3. Difficult to rotate encryption key
4. Require key management
5. Require additional protection
against tampering the repository
Bottom line: Only good for small projects
8. Orchestrator based solutions
Pro:
- No code change necessary, apps access secrets same way
as before.
- No need to provision decryption keys to individual nodes
- Can offload key management to KMS services, e.g. K8S
offers KMS plugin API since v1.10.0 [1]
- Access to the secrets can be audited
- Single source of truth
Cons:
- Trust between components need to be bootstrapped
- Orchestrator lock in, different tools offers different
features.
10. Parameter Store
- Strong Encryption
- Strong Access Control via
IAM
- No secret zero required
- Logging integrated with
CloudTrail possible SIEM
integrations
11. AWS Parameter Store with IAM role
Using IAM roles with Parameter Store is nice because it does not require
maintaining additional authentication tokens.
{
"Sid": "",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "ssm:GetParameters",
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:ssm:*:*:parameter/SERVICE_N
AME/*",
]
},
● Secrets are namespace separated by `/`
● Grant access to a particular namespace:
"arn:aws:ssm:*:*:parameter/SERVICE_N
AME/db/*"
12. AWS Parameter Store pro and cons
Pro:
- Secure and scalable with no single point of failure.
- No server to manage
- Secrets are stored under paths, can grant permission to all secrets under a path
- Integrate with many services: EC2, ECS, Lambda, CloudFormation, CodeDeploy etc.
- Integrates with CloudWatch Events and Lambda trigger ( allows an event driven workflow)
- Secret rotation can be implemented as separate lambda functions
Con:
- 10k parameters per account and 4kbyte per secret
- Restricted by AWS KMS limits
- No rotation out of the box
13. AWS Secrets Manager
- New service
- Encrypted by default
- Support secret rotation via Lambda
- RDS secret rotation is supported by default
- Encryption backed by Keys in KMS
- Promotes programmatic retrieval of secrets
- Access control via IAM
14. AWS Secrets Manager
Pro:
- Application pull secrets at runtime
- Full automated RDS rotation
- Powerful access control with IAM policies
- Enforce TLS in transit and use KMS keys for encryption at rest
- Much cheaper than managing a Highly Available Hashicorp Vault cluster
Con:
- Application is locked into AWS ecosystem by having a dependency on ASM
- Limited auditing capabilities: CloudTrail only captures secret management events but not data
access events
- Does not offer much extra compare to parameter store
15. AWS KMS
- Backed by HSM
- More control over the key type
and storage
- No limit on key size and number
of secrets
- Require a lot of work
16. Recommendation:
Use Parameter store in most scenarios:
- Deploy to AWS
- Integrated services
- Does not mind the 10k secret and 4k size limit
Use Secrets Manager when:
- Working primarily with RDS databases ( credential rotation comes out of the box)
18. Azure key Vault Secret
- Similar to Parameter store, Key Vault is the hosted secret management alternative in Azure. It’s
roughly equivalent to Parameter store + ACM + AKS in AWS
- Key Vault Secret can be encrypted by two types of keys: Software keys and Hardware keys.
- Integrates with many Azure services
- Max 25k bytes per secret
- Warning from Microsoft to keep highly sensitive data out of Key Vault ??!
19. Azure VM, Function and App Service
Same procedure for Azure VM, Function and App
Services
Associated services
- Azure Key Vault Secret
- Service Principal (SP) and Managed Service
Identity (MSI)
Example with Azure Function is shown below, VM and
App service also work similarly
20. Using Key Vault Secret with external apps and
services
Create Service Principal:
1. Create a Service Principal via Azure Active Directory > App registrations > New Application
Registration
2. Provide the app name, and an sign-on url to create the application.
3. Note down the application ID and create a new password
1
2
34. Grant permission to Key Vault
21. const Azure = require('azure'); // require the Azure SDK
const MsRest = require('ms-rest-azure');
MsRest.loginWithServicePrincipalSecret(
'7d5f93e7-b528-490d-925f-d80778538a8a', //app id
'ZVaIui1QaM+5oAT4iZIEv7mRLU+vIecLgTu3M41jly0=', // should be obtained dynamically
'motorolasolutions.microsoft.com', //app domain
(err, credentials) => {
if (err) throw err
let client = new KeyVault.KeyVaultClient(cred)
return client.getSecret('https://xxx.vault.azure.net/', 'secret', '')
})
.then( secret => { /*use secret */} )
22. Kubernetes Sec. Management
- K8S Secret
- H Vault integration using open source
projects
- H Vault integration using K8S Auth
Method
23. Kubernetes Overview
Master node is responsible for
coordinating the cluster, usually has the
following components:
- API Server
- Scheduler
- Controller
- ETCD Key-Value DB
Slave nodes runs containers.
Deploy on AWS with Kops on Azure with
AKS, Kubeadm. Minikube
24. Secret management solutions
Ways to manage and inject secrets to containers:
- Kubernetes Secrets
- Hashicorp Vault + Secret Initialization Container (kubernetes-vault, qubite implementation)
- Storing secrets in a secret object file is safer and more flexible than putting in a pod definition.
25. Kubernetes Secrets flow
1. Admin creates a secret via kubectl, that
makes create secret request to
the API Server
2. Secrets are written to database
3. Secrets are provisioned to the slave
node that’s running the container
4. Secrets are mounted as volume or
injected to the environment variable of
the target container
* detail here, example
26. Kubernetes secrets and some gotchas
- Secrets can be provisioned to a container or a namespace, containers under the namespace have
access to the secrets under the same NS.
- Secrets are written to a tempFS which are deleted on pod terminition.
- Secrets are size limited to 1Mb
- Make sure all secrets are created before referencing in containers, otherwise the Pod will hang
because container has trouble mounting secret volume
- Only possible to mount one secret per directory. Mounting a secret will mask the content of the
directory.
27.
28. Some considerations
- Lock down API Server via access control (RBAC) mechanism from pods and human admins.
- By default, any user who can access the API Server can read all secrets
- More on on “controlling access to API Server”
- Use TLS for all API Server access
- ETCD database:
- Write access to ETCD is equivalent to gaining root on the kubernetes cluster.
- Secrets are, by default, stored as plaintext in etcd. enable encryption on etcd. *how-to
- Manage the symmetric encryption key by leveraging Azure Key Vault, AWS Parameter store. Etc.
- Enforce TLS between etcd cluster and API Server
- Restrict access to etcd
- Lock down access to the slave nodes.
- Anyone with root access on a node can read secret from the API Server by impersonating the kubelet.
- Lock down Kubelet: disable https-anonymous-auth, possible attack scenario
- Unless you specify some flags on Kubelet, it’s default mode of operation is to accept unauthenticated API
requests.
- Version control kubernetes configurations and store them securely ( git-secret or git-crypt for
example)
29. Kubernetes Secrets summary
- Secret auditing with Kubernetes Audit
- Revocation and rotation can be done by deleting and recreating secrets
- Easy to use and tightly integrated to kubernetes
32. General Recommendations
Use kubernetes Secret if:
- Secrets does not change often and are used exclusively within kubernetes
Use Vault with K8S Authentication method if:
- secrets need to be used outside of kubernetes containers
33. Solution comparison chart
AWS Parameter
store
AWS Secret
Manager
AWS KMS Azure Key Vault
Secret
K8S Secret Vault with K8S Vault with K8S
Auth method
Do we need to
provision secret
zero to our
app/cluster in order
to bootstrap trust?
No, IAM task role is
used to obtain a
STS token used to
transparently
authenticate to
parameter store1
No, IAM task role
does the wonder.
No, IAM task role is
used to obtain a
STS token used to
transparently
authenticate to
KMS
No, Managed
Service Identity
(MSI) is used to
obtain a secure
token to
transparently
authenticate to Key
Vault 1
Yes, database
encryption key and
tls certs need to be
provisioned to
setup the K8S
cluster via other
means
K8S Vault
Controller need to
be authenticated
with Vault.
Authentication
need to be setup
between Vault and
K8S.
Is it cloud provider
agnostic?
No, limited
advantage outside
of AWS
No No, limited
advantage outside
of AWS
No, limited
advantage outside
of Azure
Yes, but limited to
app running in
containers
managed by K8S
Yes, but relies on
Hashicorp Vault
Relies on
Hashicorp Vault
Amount of effort to
integrate into
application
Little Little A lot Little Little, K8S cluster
need to be
secured
Moderate, require
Vault and
Controllers
Little
Recommended
scenarios
Best for
deployments in an
AWS only
environment (
lambda, EC2
instances, ECS...)
RDS heavy use
cases
This approach is
generally not
recommended.
Useful for: A large
number/size of
secrets are
required. Scenario
where self
managed secret
and keys are
required.
Best for
deployments in an
Azure only
environment (VM,
Functions, App
Services, VSTS
etc.)
Good for
containers
orchestrated by
Kubernetes.
Secrets are not
used anywhere
else. Require other
means to provision
database
encryption key.
Good for secrets
required to be
shared across
platforms.
Integration with
K8S is possible via
open source
projects.
Best for secrets
required to be
shared across
platforms.
Simple integration
makes this the
best way to
manage secrets
on K8S
