Hospitals provide inpatient care and have medical staff that operate 24/7. They are funded through various sources and their primary task is providing short-term care for people with health issues. Hospitals offer services like emergency care, surgery, and testing. Clinics provide outpatient care and are smaller than hospitals. Both have various departments to care for different health needs. Hospitals are classified by ownership, either government or private, and by scope of services from general to specialized levels of care.

1. OVERVIEW OF
HOSPITAL AND
CLINIC

2. Introduction
Hospital
▪ A health care institution providing patient treatment by
specialized staff and equipment.
▪ Are health care institutions that have an organized medical
and other professional staff, and inpatient facilities, and
deliver medical, nursing and related services 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week.

3. Introduction
A hospital funding is provided by a variety of sources,
including: for-profit and non-profit health care organizations,
health insurance companies, religious orders, and charities.
Hospitals that do not have overnight patients are usually
referred to as ‘clinics.’
A hospital’s primary task is to provide short-term care
for people with severe health issues resulting from injury,
disease or genetic anomaly.
Many hospitals offer a wide range of services,
including emergency care, scheduled surgeries, labor and
delivery services, diagnostic testing, lab work, and patient
education. Depending on their health situation, patients
may receive inpatient or outpatient care from a hospital.

4. Introduction
Objectives of the Hospitals
▪ To furnish a safe and well-maintained building and ground – the ground must be
spacious, well-drained and free from hazards that may cause injury to the user. It
must be located in an area where hygiene and sanitation can be observed and
properly maintained to insure safety and aseptic conditions.
▪ To furnish adequate and safe equipment – the selection of equipment must be
based on the purpose for which it is needed. It is not required that the instruments
be the most modern and sophisticated. In fact, it is more risky to use automatic
apparatus in as much as human element in their corporation is eliminated. The
equipment must be well maintained and always functional.
▪ To exercise reasonable care in the selection of the members of the hospital staff –
the governing board of the hospital must exercise care and diligence in the
selection of the hospital staff, otherwise, it will be held vicariously liable for the
acts of the employees.

5. Introduction
Clinics
▪ Generally provide outpatient care only and are smaller
than a typical hospital.
▪ Are usually operated by a government health agency or a
partnership of private physicians and/or surgeons.
However, if a clinic has 6 or more beds or bassinets used
for 24-hour care, then it would be considered a hospital,
too.

6. Introduction
There are many departments that can be found within
a hospital or clinic, including trauma centers, burn centers,
emergency departments, surgery, wound care, or urgent
care. There may be outpatient departments such has
psychiatric health, physical therapy, dentistry, and
rehabilitation. Also, specialized units of equipment,
physicians and nurses will support the various departments
with expertise or functionality in cardiology, obstetrics and
gynecology, oncology, intensive care, neurology, pathology,
and radiology.

7. Classifications of Hospitals
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
1. Ownership
2. Scope of services

8. Classifications of Hospitals
Classification According to Ownership
1. Government – a hospital owned, established and created by
law; facility may be under the national government like the, the
Department of Health (DOH), Department of National Defense
(DND), Philippine National Police (PNP), Department of Justice
(DOJ), State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Government
Owned or Controlled Corporations (GOCC) or Local Government
Units (LGUs).
2. Private – a hospital owned, established and operated with
funds through donation, principal investment or other means by
any individual non-government corporation, association or
organization.

9. Classifications of Hospitals
Classification According to Scope of Services
1. General – a hospital that provides services for all kinds of
illnesses, diseases, injuries or. A general hospital shall
provide medical and surgical care to the sick and injured,
as well as maternity, newborn and child care.

10. Classifications of Hospitals
It shall be equipped with the service capabilities needed to
support board certified/eligible medical specialists and other licensed
physicians rendering services in, but not limited to, the following:
i. Clinical Services
1. Family Medicine
2. Pediatrics
3. Internal Medicine
4. Obstetrics & Gynecology
5. Surgery
ii. Emergency Services
iii. Outpatient Services
iv. Ancillary and Support Services, such as clinical laboratory, imaging
facility and pharmacy

11. Categories of General Hospitals
Functional Capacity
Level 1
A level 1 hospital shall have, as minimum, the following services and capacity:
a. A staff of qualified medical, allied medical and administrative personnel
headed by a physician duty licensed by the Professional Regulation
Commission (PRC).
b. Bed space for its authorized bed capacity in accordance with DOH Guidelines in
the Planning and Design of Hospitals;
c. An operating room with standard equipment and provision for sterilization of
equipment and supplies in accordance with the:
i. DOH Reference Plan in the Planning and Design of an Operating
Room/Theater.
ii. DOH Guidelines in Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization of Reusable
Medical Devices in Hospital Facilities in the Philippines.

12. Categories of General Hospitals
d. A post-operative room;
e. Maternity facilities, consisting of ward(s), room(s), and a delivery
room exclusively for maternity patients and newborns;
f. Isolation facilities with proper procedures for the care and control
of infectious and communicable diseases as well as for the
prevention of cross. infections;
g. A separate dental section/clinic;
h. A blood station;
i. A DOH-licensed secondary clinical laboratory with the services
consulting pathologist;
j. A DOH-licensed Level 1 imaging facility with the services of a
consulting radiologist; and
k. A DOH-licensed pharmacy.

13. Categories of General Hospitals
Level 2
A Level 2 hospital shall have as minimum, all of Level 1 capacity but not limited to,
the following:
a. An organized staff of qualified and competent personnel with Chief of
Hospital/Medical Director and appropriate board-certified Clinical Department
Heads;
b. Departmentalized and equipped with service capabilities needed to support
board-certified/eligible medical specialists and other licensed physicians
rendering services in the specialties of Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and
Gynecology, Surgery, their sub-specialties and ancillary services;
c. A general Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for critically ill patients;
d. A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU);

14. Categories of General Hospitals
e. A High Risk Pregnancy Unit (HRPU);
f. Provision of respiratory therapy services;
g. A DOH-licensed tertiary clinical laboratory; and
h. A DOH-licensed Level 2 imaging facility with mobile x-ray inside
the institution and with capability for contrast examinations.

15. Categories of General Hospitals
Level 3
A Level 3 hospital shall have as minimum, all of Level 2 capacity, including but not limited
to, the following:
a. Teaching and/or training hospital with accredited residency training program for
physicians in the four (4) major specialties, namely: Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics
and Gynecology, and Surgery;
b. A physical medicine and rehabilitation unit;
c. An ambulatory surgical clinic;
d. A dialysis unit;
e. A blood bank;
f. A DOH-licensed tertiary clinical laboratory with standard equipment/reagents/supplies
necessary for the performance of histopathology examinations; and
g. A DOH-licensed level 3 imaging facility with interventional radiology

16. SERVICES LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
Clinical services
and facilities for in-
patients
Consulting
specialists in:
Medicine, Pediatrics,
OB-GYNE, Surgery
All of Level 1 plus: All of Level 2 plus:
Departmentalized
Clinical Services
Teaching/training
with accredited
residency training
program in the 4
major clinical
services
Emergency and Out-
patient services
Respiratory Unit
Physical Medicine
and Rehabilitation
UnitIsolation Facilities General ICU
Surgical/Maternity
Facilities
High Risk
Pregnancy Unit
Ambulatory Surgical
Clinic
Dental Clinic NICU Dialysis Clinic
Ancillary Services
Secondary Clinical
Laboratory
Tertiary Clinical
Laboratory
Tertiary laboratory
with histopathology
Blood Station Blood Station Blood Bank
1st Level of X-ray
2nd Level X-ray with
mobile unit
3rd Level X-ray
Pharmacy Pharmacy Pharmacy

17. References
Hariette Abelarde-Wendam (2014). Department Administration, Ethics
and Jurispudence for Radiologic Technologists in the Philippines
Different Types of Hospitals and Hospital Medical Malpractice Insurance
(2011). Retrieved from https://www.equotemd.com/blog/different-types-
of-hospitals-and-hospital-medical-malpractice-insurance/