This document provides an outline and information about various antibiotics available at primary health care centers. It discusses 16 different antibiotics including their trade names, dosage forms, uses, dosages, side effects and drug interactions. The antibiotics covered include amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, metronidazole, rifampicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and others. For each drug, key details are presented such as common brand names, available formulations, typical treatment indications and recommended dosing schedules. Common adverse effects and important medication interactions are also outlined.

2. Presentation out line
1. Antibiotic definition
2. PHC Antibiotics
3. Drugs scientific and Trade names
4. Drugs dosage form
5. Drugs uses
6. Drugs side effects
7. Drugs interactions

3. Antibiotic
Antibiotics : are a group of medicines that are used to treat
infections caused by (bacteria and parasites).
They do not work against infections that are caused by
viruses - for example, the common cold or flu.

4. PHC Antibiotic
1. Amoxicillin
2. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
3. Azithromycin
4. Benzathine pen.1.2 i.u vial
5. Cefuroxim
6. Cephalexin
7. Ciprofloxacin
8. Doxycline
9. Erythromycin
10. Fusidic acid
11. Gentamicin
12. Metronidazole
13. Tetracycline eo
14. Trimethoprime + sulphameth.
15. Penicillin V.K (derivative Potassium)
16. Rifampicine
17.( Ethambutol + Pyrazinamide +
Isoniazid + refampicine ) TB

5. 1. Amoxicillin
 Trade name ( Amoxitide , Moxypen , Amoxicare )
 Dosage Forms
oral susp.
250mg/5mL
400mg/5mL
capsule
250mg
500mg
875 mg
 Uses
Ear, Nose, & Throat Infections
Genitourinary Tract Infections
875 mg PO q12hr or (250-500mg) PO q8hr for 10-
14 days before meal

6. Cont. ….
 Side Effect
Anaphylaxis ‫الحساسية‬‫المفرطة‬ ( severe allergy )
Anemia , AST/ALT elevation , Diarrhea, Headache
Nausea, Vomiting, Rash
 Interaction
Doxycycline *doxycycline decreases effects of amoxicillin
Mycophenolate *amoxicillin will decrease the level or effect of
mycophenolate
Tetracycline *tetracycline decreases effects of amoxicillin

7. 2. Amoxicillin/calvulanic acid
 Trade name : Augmentine , Ogmin , clamoxin )
 Dosage Forms
oral suspension
(400mg/57mg)/5mL
tablet
500mg/125mg
875mg/125mg
 Uses
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Acute Bacterial Sinusitis , Skin Abscess , Diabetic Foot
 Dosages based on amoxicillin
875/125 mg PO q12hr or 500/125 mg PO q8hr for 7-10 days before
meal

8. Cont. …
 Side Effects
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarhea
rash
 Interaction
BCG vaccine live amoxicillin decreases effects of bcg vaccine live
by pharmacodynamic antagonism.
Doxycycline (doxycycline decreases effects of amoxicillin by
pharmacodynamic antagonism
Tetracycline ( tetracycline decreases effects of amoxicillin by
pharmacodynamic antagonism.
Mycophenolate ( amoxicillin will decrease the level or effect of
mycophenolate.

9. 3. Azithromycin
 Trade name : (Azicare , Azemex , Zitrocin )
 Dosage Forms
200mg/5mL
Cap
250mg
500mg
 Uses
Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
Acute Otitis Media / Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
Genital Ulcer Disease / Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
500 mg PO qDay for 3 days
500 mg PO once, then 250 mg once daily for 4 days Before meal

10. Cont. …
 Side effect
High single dose therapy
Diarrhea
Nausea
Abdominal pain
 Interaction
Digoxin (azithromycin will increase the level or effect of digoxin

11. CONT. ..
Amiodarone and azithromycin both increase QTc interval (The QT
interval is the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T
wave.)
Enoxaparin ( azithromycin increases effects of enoxaparin by
decreasing metabolism.
Ondansetron (azithromycin and ondansetron both increase QTc
interval
Warfarine (azithromycin increases effects of warfarin by decreasing
metabolism.

12. 4. Erythromycin
 Trade name ( Erythrotab , Erythroteva , Erythrolet )
 Dosage Forms
200mg/5ml
tablet
250mg
500mg
 Azythromycin and Erthromycin alternative of penicillin if
there any Anaphylaxis (sever allergy) .
 Uses
Streptococcal Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis
20 mg/kg/day PO divided q12hr
250-500 mg PO q6hr for 7 days before meal

13. Cont. ..
 Side effect
Abdominal pain
Anaphylaxis
Confusion
Diarrhea
Dyspepsia
Fever
 interaction
Many drugs

14. 5. Cefuroxime
 Trade name ( Zinnat , Zinex , Zinaxim )
 Dosage Forms
tablet
250mg
500mg
 Uses
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis / Sinusitis
Chronic Bronchitis
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections
Uncomplicated Skin Infections
250-500 mg PO q12hr for 5-10 days after meal

15. Cont. ..
 Side effect
Diarrhea
Decreased hemoglobin or hematocrit
Nausea or vomiting
Vaginitis
Diaper rash
Increase in alkaline phosphatase
 Interaction
Warfarin : (cefuroxime will increase the level or effect of warfarin
Enoxaparin : (cefuroxime will increase the level or effect of
enoxaparin
BCG vaccine : ( cefuroxime decreases effects of bcg vaccine

16.  Trade name .( Jeflex , Cephacare , Cefalex )
 Dosage Forms
oral suspension
250mg/5mL
capsule
250mg
500mg
 Uses
Genitourinary Tract Infections
Bone Infections / Otitis Media
Skin Infections / Respiratory Tract Infections
250 - 500mg PO q6hr before meal
6. Cephalexin

17. Cont. …
 Side Effect
Abdominal pain / Anemia
Angioedema / Confusion
Diarrhea / Dizziness
Dyspepsia ‫سوء‬‫الهضم‬
Fatigue
 Interaction
BCG vaccine live
Cephalexin decreases effects of bcg vaccine live.
typhoid vaccine live
Cephalexin decreases effects of typhoid vaccine live
cholera vaccine
Cephalexin, cholera vaccine. pharmacodynamic antagonism

18. 7. Ciprofloxacin
 Trade name ( Floxine , ciprocare , ciprox )
 Dosage Forms
tablet
250mg
500mg
 uses
Acute Sinusitis / Skin Infections
Bone & Joint Infections / Urinary Tract Infections
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
250 500 mg PO q12hr for 7-14 days after meal

19. Cont. ..
 Side Effect
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Increased aminotransferase levels
Vomiting
Headache
Increased serum creatinine
Rash
Restlessness

20. CONT. …
 Interaction
(Clozapine , Clomipramine, Imipramine, theophylline , warfarin)
Ciprofloxacin will increase the level or effect of clozapine ,
Clomipramine , Imipramine , theophylline, warfarin by affecting
hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism.
Iron sucrose / iron sucrose decreases levels of ciprofloxacin by
inhibition of GI absorption.
Ondansetron / ciprofloxacin and ondansetron both increase QTc
interval

21.  Trade name ( Doxal , Doxypharm , Doxicillin )
 Dosage Forms
capsule
100mg
 Uses
Acute Bacteria Rhino sinusitis
Respiratory Tract Infections
Brucellosis
200 mg/day divided twice daily PO after meal
 Don’t take it with milk
8. Doxycycline

22. Cont. ..
 Side effect
Anorexia ‫فقدان‬‫الشهية‬
Dental discoloration
Diarrhea / Dysphagia
Headache
Hemolytic anemia / Hepatotoxicity
 Interaction
Amoxicillin ¸ ampicillin
Doxycycline decreases effects of amoxicillin , ampicillin by
pharmacodynamic antagonism.
Calcium acetate, doxycycline. Either decreases levels of the other by
inhibition of GI absorption.
Iron sucrose decreases levels of doxycycline by inhibition of GI
absorption.

23. 9. Rifampicin
 Trade name ( rifampicin , rifadin )
 Dosage Forms
capsule
150mg
300mg
 Uses
Tuberculosis
Brucellosis
10 mg/kg/day PO or 10 mg/kg PO twice weekly ; not to
exceed 600 mg/day
Before meal

24. Cont. …
 Side effect
Elevated liver function test (LFT) results
Rash / Anorexia
Nausea / Vomiting
Diarrhea / Cramps ‫تشنجات‬
 Interaction
Rifampicin will decrease the level or effect of alprazolam ,
Amiodarone, Clopidogrel , Clozapine, Colchicine, Cyclosporine ,
Diazepam by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4
metabolism.

25.  Trade name ( Resprim , Sulprim , Sulfaprim )
 Dosage Forms
Oral suspension
200mg/5mL
tablet
80mg/400mg
160mg/800mg
 Uses
Chronic Bronchitis
Meningitis, Bacterial
Urinary Tract Infections
Dosing Guidelines for Infections
1-2 DS tablets PO q12 after meal
10. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

26. Cont. ..
 Side effect
Anorexia / Nausea
Vomiting /Vertigo
Seizure / Hyperkalemia
Rash
 Interaction
Amiodarone and trimethoprim both increase QTc interval.
bCG vaccine live
Trimethoprim decreases effects of bcg vaccine live by
pharmacodynamic antagonism.
Sulfamethoxazole decreases effects of cyclosporine by unknown
mechanism

27. Cont. …
Sulfamethoxazole increases effects of enoxaparin by decreasing
metabolism
Leucovorin decreases effects of trimethoprim by pharmacodynamic
antagonism.
Trimethoprim, methotrexate. Either increases toxicity of the other by
pharmacodynamic synergism.

28. 11. Pyrazinamide
It is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria
 Dosage Forms
Tablet 500mg
Dosage :- is based on your age, weight, medical condition, and
response to treatment.
Daily therapy:- 15-30 mg/kg PO qDay with isoniazid & rifampin .
 USES: Pyrazinamide is used with other medications to treat
tuberculosis (TB) for HIV Exposed/Infected.
 Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite .

29.  Dosage Forms
Tablet 100mg , 400mg
15 mg/kg PO qDay .Take this medication by mouth with or without food,
usually once daily or as directed by your doctor. This medication may
sometimes be taken twice weekly.
 USES :-
Ethambutol is used with other medications to treat tuberculosis (TB)
 Side Effects:
Headache, loss of appetite, upset stomach, or nausea/vomiting may occur
12 . Ethambutol

30.  Dosage Forms
Tablets 300mg
Take this medication by mouth on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2
hours after meals.
>30 kg: 300 mg PO qDay x9 months
 USES:
Isoniazid is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB)
infections.
 Side Effects:
Nausea/vomiting or stomach upset may occur.
13. Isoniazid

31. 1. Gentamicin sk. cream/ointment
Trade names: Garamin (‫جاال‬ ‫بيت‬ (, gentatrim (trima), genticin ( (‫القدس‬
Contra indications :-
Hypersensitivity , Skin rash
Side Effects : Itching, redness, swelling .
2. Gentamicin eye / ear drop (Gentacol (‫بيزيت‬ , lacromycin(Dr.fisher)
USES:
to treat bacterial infections of the eye and the skin around the eyes .
It is also used to prevent infection after eye injury or surgery.
Side Effects :
Eye stinging/burning/redness or temporary blurred vision may occur.
14. Gentamicin

32. 3. Gentamicin Inj.( (‫القدس‬ , Zetamycine( (‫بيرزيت‬
Dosage Forms & Strengths
injectable solution 80mg/mL
Susceptible Infections: ‫التعرض‬‫للعدوى‬ ‫السريع‬
3-5g/kg/day IV/IM divided q8hr
 Side Effects
Nausea, vomiting stomach upset, or loss of appetite may
occur.
Cont. ..

33. Trade Names: Flagyl (sanofi) , Entogyl (‫القدس‬) , Metrozole (‫بيرزيت‬)
Dosage Forms
Oral susp 125 mg
Tablet :250mg , 500mg
Dosage : 7.5 mg/kg q6hr 7-10 days (or 2-3 weeks if severe).
Uses:-
Metronidazole is used to treat bacterial infections of the vagina,
stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract.
15. Metronidazole

34. Cont. ..
 Side Effects:
numbness in your hands or feet;
white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips;
pain or burning when you urinate.
 Interactions
May increase the risk of kidney damage or hearing
loss if taken with gentamicin.

35. Trade Names : fucidine (LEO), fucilyne( ‫القدس‬ ), Zydex(‫جاال‬ ‫)بيت‬
Dosage:- Fusidic Acid you should use.Usually a small amount of
cream is applied to the infected skin three or four times each day.
Treatment is usually 1 to 2 weeks.
Uses :-
Treat of skin infections caused by bacteria that are sensitive to fusidic
acid (especially staphylococcus infections) impetigo : ‫قوباء‬ ,folliculitis:‫الجرب‬
Side Effects :- - May be having an allergic reaction.
- Your skin develops a severe rash.
16. Fucidic Acid cream:-

36. Trade Names : Oxacin (‫بيريت‬) , Jordacycline (‫جاال‬ ‫بيت‬)
Dosage :- Eye ointment may be placed in the infected eye 2-4
times daily. Mild bacterial infections usually respond within 48
hours.
For the treatment of trachoma , applied to each eye twice daily for
2 months or twice daily for the first 5 days of each month for 6
months.
17. Tetracycline EO

37. Cont. …
 Uses :
It works by interfering with the bacteria's cell wall and the
production of the bacteria's proteins, which kills the bacteria.
Side Effects:
Increased tears , burning sensation and a foreign body
sensation may occur .
Interaction :-
It can decrease the effectiveness of Refampicin.

38.  Trade Names :- Bepen V.K( (‫بيرزيت‬ , Rafapen (rafa)
Dosage Forms :-
oral solution 250mg/5mL , Tablet 500mg
500 mg PO q12hr or 250 mg PO q6hr for 10 days
 Uses :- is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent a wide variety
of bacterial infection .
 Side Effects
Upset stomach , nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth sores may
occur.
Interactions :-
Decreases of BCG vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism .
18. Penicillin V.K

39. 19. Benzathine penicillin inj.1,2
 Trade name : Benzetacil ( Spain)
 Dosing Form , Usees :
injectable suspension 1.2 million units/2mL
•Streptococcal Respiratory Infections : 1.2 million units IM x1
•Rheumatic Fever Prophylaxis : 1.2 million units IM monthly
following acute attack, OR 600,000 units IM q2Weeks.
 Side Effects
Pain at the injection site, nausea, or vomiting may occur

40. Presented By
Doaa`Tarifi & Sami Dawabsha