The document discusses several key points about osteoporosis and calcium levels in Pakistan: 1. The population of Pakistan is projected to increase significantly over the coming decades, with those over age 60 growing from 11 million currently to 50 million by 2050. 2. Studies have shown that 69-82% of the population in South Asia, including Pakistan, have vitamin D levels below the minimum acceptable level. 3. During pregnancy, approximately 250-300mg of calcium is transferred daily to the fetus during the third trimester. Similarly, breast milk results in a daily calcium loss of 280-400mg during lactation. 4. One study found that a particular calcium and vitamin D supplement led to

1. Prevalence of Osteoporosis
The present population of Pakistan is estimated to be 172 million1 and
expected to increase to 185 million by 2010, of this, 6.2% (11 million)will be
above the age of 60 years. It is projected that the population will reach 226
million and 335 million by 2020 and 2050 respectively, of this, 7.1% (16
million)by 2020 and 14.9%(50 million)by 2050will be the population aged
over 60 years.2
1:U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base
2: World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population
Database.United Nations Population Division.
Vitamin D Deficiency
1. In south Asia 69-82 % of population had 25 (OH)2 d Levels less than the
minimum acceptable level of 20 mg/ml.
Pakistan journal of Medical Sciences:ISSN1618-715X
Pregnancy
2. Approximately 250-300 mg of calcium is transferred to the fetus daily
during 3rd trimester.
The jor.of Clic.End& Met;2001
Lactation
3. Daily Loss of Calcium in breast milk has been estimated to range from
280-400 mg.
The jor.of Clic.End& Met;2001
Preventionofbone loss in Menopause

2. 4. Oss Pro (Ossein Hydroxyapatite compound) is an effective and safe
agent for the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal osteopenic
women with significant increase BMD. Curr Med Res Opin 1986
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;98(1):82-91
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy of
adolescents with low calcium intake results in higher lumbar spine
bone mass and a reduced rate of femoral neck bone loss during
lactation
Loss of calcium thru sweating
Loss of calcium in perspiration amount to only 15 mg/day and is significant.
However, persons working in extreme heat may lose over 100mg/hour in the sweat
which may approximately 30% of total calcium output.
Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition, Volume 1
The calcium lost in the sweat even under temperate environmental conditions may
approach 140 mg. per day. The amount of calcium lost increases as the rate of sweating
increases.
Nutrition Reviews Volume 21, Issue 1, pages 13–16, January 1963