The document discusses the challenges faced by mobile network operators (MNOs) and wholesale providers, focusing on operational expenditure (opex) management, network simplification, and performance improvement as they transition towards 5G. It outlines key 5G goals, including vastly increased data volume, device connectivity, and enhanced user data rates driven by technologies like software-defined networking and network functions virtualization. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance for MNOs to begin investing in 5G solutions now rather than waiting for the technology to fully develop.

1. 5G Why Wait?
5G Observatory
Anthony Magee, 8th March 2016
Global Business Development

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Agenda
• Key challenges facing MNOs and wholesale providers
• What we know about 5G
• Network evolution towards 5G
• Can the industry afford to wait for 5G?
• Acknowledgements

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Key Challenges Facing MNOs &
Wholesale Providers

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Key Challenge – Control OPEX
http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3098617
“Global mobile data traffic is set to reach 52 million
terabytes (TB) in 2015, an increase of 59 percent
from 2014, according to Gartner, Inc”
The Mobile Economy - Mobile Economy 2015
www.gsmamobileeconomy.com
Bandwidth increasing 59%
Revenue increasing 3.1%
OPEX reduction!

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Key Challenge – Densification/Footprint Reduction
CE Access
BST CSGW NID AggregationSwitch
Access
Provider
Managed Service
Provider
Managed Service
Provider
IP/MPLS MNO Core
Challenges
Reduce truck rolls to sites
Optimize footprint at cell site
Overall reduce power, cooling, etc.
Improve new cell-site deployment velocity

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Key Challenge – Scale/Performance Improvement
CE Access
BST CSGW NID AggregationSwitch
Access
Provider
Managed Service
Provider
Managed Service
Provider
IP/MPLS MNO Core
Latency SynchronizationBandwidth/Rates
LTE-ADVANCED
- CoMP
- D-MIMO

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What We Know About 5G Already

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5G Vision & Priorities (5G-PPP.EU)
Field Trials 2018, Commercial Deployment 2020
• Goals - in comparison with 4G
• 1000 X mobile data volume per region
• 1000 X number of connected devices (IoT)
• 100 X user data rate
• Guaranteed user data rate > 50Mbit/s
• 5G driven by emerging technologies
• Software-defined networking (SDN)
• Network functions virtualization (NFV)
• Mobile edge computing (MEC)
• Fixed mobile convergence (FMC)
5G = Centralised/Dynamic RAN

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C-RAN Bandwidth Challenges (CPRI)
Pendulum Favours Ethernet After ~2020
Mac-Phy optimum split = Ethernet based C-RAN, evolved fronthaul, ideal backhaul
106.05.1.01 : Virtualization for Small Cells: Overview, June 2015
IEEE 802.1CM PAR - April 2015:
5.4 Purpose: The purpose of this standard is to enable the transport of time sensitive fronthaul streams in Ethernet bridged networks.
5.5 Need for the Project: A mobile operator's radio equipment and radio equipment controller are often separated and the connection between
them has very stringent requirements. This fronthaul connection is not provided by a bridged network today. In an IEEE 802.1 bridged
network potentially carrying other categories of traffic , specific configurations of various IEEE 802 standards (e.g. P802.1Qbu, P802.1Qbv, P802.3br)
are needed to meet the requirements of the fronthaul streams. Therefore, the use and the configurations of functions defined in the IEEE 802
standards have to be specified by standard profiles for bridged fronthaul networks.

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Evolved
Fronthaul
Aka Ideal Backhaul
• Low Latency
• Synchronization
http://www.icirrus-5gnet.eu/
Volker Jungnickel, Luz Fernandez del Rosal, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany

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Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)
Mobile
Fixed Structural
converged
network
Mobile
Fixed Functional
converged
network
- Network functions
Structural Convergence :Common
infrastructure for fixed and mobile traffic
Functional Convergence : Consolidation of
functions used within the different applications
FMC Access
Network
RBS
Wi-Fi AP
Fixed AN
AAA – universal authentication
(enabling 3D handover)
CWDM
WDM-PON
High bandwidth, rate and
protocol agnostic, low latency
Programmability (SDN)
Virtualisation (NFV)

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Air Interface Standards Timelines
• New Air Interface standards - ~10 year cycle
• Transition into peak deployment - 10 years after launch, 20 years to peak
• Acknowledge that LTE is proceeding at a faster rate then previous technologies
Understanding 5G:Perspectives on future technological advancements
in mobile
December 2014
GSMA
http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/presentations-white-papers
5G estimate 5G peak deployment

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Common Requirements – MNOs Today & 5G
Requirement MNO Challenges Today 5G Goals
Hybrid network operation 2G/3G/4G, small cells and Wi-Fi
all on-going
Diversity
Mission critical (high end)
IoT (mass scale)
Video/data consumers (low end)
Diversity (2G/3G/4G offload)
OPEX reduction C-RANs considered C-RANs central theme of 5G
Cell site consolidation &
network simplification
Adoption of NFV/SDN to
improve operations/footprint
NFV/SDN identified as key
enablers
Scale & performance
improvement
LTE-Advanced
CoMP now in exploration
X2 latency reduction
Latency improvement
Internet of Things
Fixed Mobile Convergence Quad play service providers
explore FMC
FMC is a key theme of 5G
Business case needs to be considered 5-10 years
5G has to factor into MNO decision making today

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Network Evolution Towards 5G

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IP/MPLS
Step 1: Cell Site Device Consolidation
Edge Hosted vCSGW + NFV Value Add
CE Access
BST CSGW NID AggregationSwitch
Access
Provider
Managed Service
ProviderMNO
Managed Service
Provider
ProVM featuring integrated server with PTP/SyncE
vCSGW
Proposals
Consolidate into one device
Embrace NFV vCSGW + other VNFs, add value
Low latency hardware model with SyncE/TC/BC
etc, and NFV support on top
Adopt NFV
Spirent
Landslide
EDGE
vCellTest
RRH
BBU
RRH
BBU
RRH
BBU
MNO Core
EPC

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Step 2: Reduce OPEX
C-RAN Model: Phase 1 vCSGW, Phase 2 BBU, Phase 3 vBBU
IP/MPLS MNO Core
Core
IP/MPLS
EPC
Note: Virtualisation of BBU,
Numerically intensive
Lacking standards for
transmission until approx. 2020
Proposals
Centralize BBU / vCSGW (NGMN >50% OPEX saving)
Plan for physical BBUs in central office until approx.
2020, along with CPRI/OBSAI to RRHs
Transmission network which supports CPRI, a good
investment for low latency/5G.
Ethernet(TSN) model may improve scalability once
standardized, then vBBUs may be practical
BBU
BBU
BBU
vCSGW
Centralized RAN
BST
RRH
RRH
RRH nxCPRI
nxCPRI
nxCPRI

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Step 3: Optimise, Improve Performance & Resilience
IP/MPLS MNO Core
Core
IP/MPLS
EPC
BBU
BBU vCSGW vEPC
Proposals
Universal cross point - CPRI/OBSAI/Ethernet
Ultra low latency switching – hardware
vEPC - disaster recovery, scale, regional
Virtualised RAN – vBBU pool to scale 2020+
U
L
L
U
X
P
Ethernet/NGFI standards
enable vBBU and Ethernet
Ratio RRH:BBU
BBU re-tasking/load balance
LTE-A, CoMP, BBU Pooling Gain Solutions, vRAN etc
vBBU
BST
nxCPRI
Evolved Fronthaul /
Ideal Backhaul
BBU
Phy-
BBU
Phy-

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Network Topology in the Access 2020-25
PER
BBU
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
vCSGW
Pool
BBU
Phy-
BBU
-MACBBU
-MACBBU
-MAC
X2 Switch
SP/MNO
MEC/NFV
Server
Wi-Fi AP
Fixed AN
Enterprise
MEC/NFV
Server
• Business mobility in building
• Industrials/warehouse automation using LTE
Small
Cell/Femto/Wi-Fi
Cloud
Big Switch
Ethernet
TSN – Ethernet
Low Latency
<100ns PTP
vBBU HW Accelerator
MNO Core
EPC
vEPC
Virtual
BBU pool
CPRI
Ideal Backhaul
RRH
BBU
Physical
BBU pool
NG-POP
FMC
Access

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5G Why Wait?

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Why Wait for 5G?
• 1. MNOs have requirements which need solving now
• OPEX management
• Cell site simplification
• Improve scale and performance
• 2. 5G Aims and MNO challenges converge
• 5G is not just an air interface, it is a networking mindset
• Support for legacy/diversity
• C-RAN
• FMC
• NFV/SDN
• As with other telecommunications sectors
• Openness, interoperable standards, avoid vendor lock-in
• 3. Many of the networking tools to support 5G are ready for demo/trial
Don’t wait for the air interface
MNOs and wholesale providers invest for tomorrow and benefit today!

21. Thank You
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Some aspects of the work leading to this presentation have
received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No
644526 (iCIRRUS) and were supported by the European
Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) by
the project COMBO under grant agreement n° 317762.