A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material mostly using a press. Like molds,
dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from simple paper clips
to complex pieces used in advanced technology.
The Aim of this thesis work is to reduce weight and cost of the injection mold by removing unwanted materials and using
low cost materials at non-stress region areas.
A general large size model will be prepared to design the mold structure using theoretical method.
Complete level of mold parts and assembly will be prepared to conduct analysis.
Structural analysis will be conducted on mould to find stress locations and non-effective locations.
Modifications will be done on mold according to obtained results.
OPTIMIZED DIE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULD USING FEM TECHNIQUEIjripublishers Ijri
The Aim of this thesis work is to reduce weight and cost of the injection mold by removing unwanted materials and using
low cost materials at non-stress region areas.
A general large size model will be prepared to design the mold structure using theoretical method.
Complete level of mold parts and assembly will be prepared to conduct analysis.
Structural analysis will be conducted on mould to find stress locations and non-effective locations.
Modifications will be done on mold according to obtained results.
This project deals with the modeling of cooler tank parametric model as per the client requirement. Finding the best manufacturing process preparing mould base for the same, analyzing different manufacturing process by doing CNC program by changing milling parameters (feed, speed, cutters….).So that optimum parameters for manufacturing will be suggested which is useful to reduce the costs and efforts. Plastic flow analysis will be conducted to check the material flow and filling. So that reduction in the pre-machining cost will be done by rectifying the problem. FEM Based analysis will be conducted on mould structure to reduce weight of the mould. And thermal analysis will be conducted to suggest optimized cooling channel design. Modeling, mould base preparation, manufacturing, cnc programming will be done
DESIGN OF MOULD TOOL & COOLING CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION OF REMOTE CONTROL TOP PANELIjripublishers Ijri
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable. Plastics are
typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic,
most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural.
Molding is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or
matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object.
Cooling channels are used in mold tool to reduce the temperature of the object to help molten material to solidify quickly
before the ejection. It is quite useful to increase the production rate.
The aim of this project work is to design mold structure and optimize cooling channel system to reduce effect of warpage
of remote control top panel.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRUSION PROCESS USING HYPERWORKSijsrd.com
Minimizing the amount of scrap generated in an aluminum extrusion process. An optimizing method is constructed based on Simulation Analysis approach. In present thesis the Simulation approach is presented to optimize the amount of Scrap generated during Aluminum extrusion process. The model applied to real data obtained from an existing extrusion factory. Results from using the suggested model provided substantial reductions in the amount of scrap generated. Using sound simulation analysis approaches contribute significantly in reducing waste and savings when compared to the existing nonscientific techniques.
OPTIMIZED DIE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULD USING FEM TECHNIQUEIjripublishers Ijri
The Aim of this thesis work is to reduce weight and cost of the injection mold by removing unwanted materials and using
low cost materials at non-stress region areas.
A general large size model will be prepared to design the mold structure using theoretical method.
Complete level of mold parts and assembly will be prepared to conduct analysis.
Structural analysis will be conducted on mould to find stress locations and non-effective locations.
Modifications will be done on mold according to obtained results.
This project deals with the modeling of cooler tank parametric model as per the client requirement. Finding the best manufacturing process preparing mould base for the same, analyzing different manufacturing process by doing CNC program by changing milling parameters (feed, speed, cutters….).So that optimum parameters for manufacturing will be suggested which is useful to reduce the costs and efforts. Plastic flow analysis will be conducted to check the material flow and filling. So that reduction in the pre-machining cost will be done by rectifying the problem. FEM Based analysis will be conducted on mould structure to reduce weight of the mould. And thermal analysis will be conducted to suggest optimized cooling channel design. Modeling, mould base preparation, manufacturing, cnc programming will be done
DESIGN OF MOULD TOOL & COOLING CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION OF REMOTE CONTROL TOP PANELIjripublishers Ijri
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable. Plastics are
typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic,
most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural.
Molding is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or
matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object.
Cooling channels are used in mold tool to reduce the temperature of the object to help molten material to solidify quickly
before the ejection. It is quite useful to increase the production rate.
The aim of this project work is to design mold structure and optimize cooling channel system to reduce effect of warpage
of remote control top panel.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRUSION PROCESS USING HYPERWORKSijsrd.com
Minimizing the amount of scrap generated in an aluminum extrusion process. An optimizing method is constructed based on Simulation Analysis approach. In present thesis the Simulation approach is presented to optimize the amount of Scrap generated during Aluminum extrusion process. The model applied to real data obtained from an existing extrusion factory. Results from using the suggested model provided substantial reductions in the amount of scrap generated. Using sound simulation analysis approaches contribute significantly in reducing waste and savings when compared to the existing nonscientific techniques.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NEW COUPLING SYSTEM IN INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE TO IM...ijiert bestjournal
Injection molding machine is the most commonly used manufacturing process for the fabrication of plastic parts. The plastic being mel ted in injection molding machine and then injected into the mould. The barrel contains recipr ocating screw for injecting the material into the mould and the material is also melted into the barrel. This project deals with,the solution of problem occurred for reciprocating screw of Inje ction molding machine. It identifies and solves the problem by using the modeling and analys is techniques. The problem occurred in the reciprocating screw of machine which is wearing of threads due to affect of temperature of mold materials (flow ma terials) i.e. Nylon,low density polypropylene,polystyrene,PVC etc.,The main work was to model the components of machine with dimensions,and perform thermal analys is with modeled component.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Development and design validation of pneumatic tool for stem seal collet fi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the design development and design validation of special purpose pneumatic tool to optimize the steps in assembly and consequently production process. An attempt is made to develop a pneumatic tool that uses power of compressed air to generate a force enough to press the stem seal and the collet, collet cup collectively. Detailed calculations of section properties of various members of the tool assembly are carried out. Calculation for force to be generated is done by considering possibilities i.e. hydraulic generation and pneumatic. Prior to fabrication, detailed CAD modeling of each component of assembly is carried out using CATIA V5 software which gives a correct perception of the assembly and its components. Fabrication of each component of the assembly is carried out by various manufacturing processes as Grinding, milling, drilling. To enhance surface hardness induction hardening is carried out. Close correlation between the calculated and generated force validates the design.
This is introducing possibilities with improving moulding tool cavity and core blocks,inserts, sliders, lifters by providing conformal cooling and thus eliminating "hot spots". This will help improve cycle time, improve part quality and make you money. Payback period is generally matter of weeks.
Optimization of Metal Removal Rateon Cylindrical Grinding For Is 319 Brass Us...IJERA Editor
Cylindrical grinding is one of the most important metal cutting processes used extensively in the Metal finishing operations. Metal removal rate and surface finish are the important output responses in the production with respect to quantity and quality respectively. The objective of this paper is to arrive at the optimal grinding conditions that will maximize metal removal rate when grinding IS 319 brass. Empirical models were developed using design of experiments by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array and the adequacy of the developed model is tested with ANOVA.
Effect of process parameters on material removal rate during grinding of hot ...IJMER
Grinding can be described as a multi-tooth metal cutting operation in which material is
generally removed by shearing and ploughing in the form of micro sized chips by the abrasive grits of
the grinding wheel. This paper presents an important investigation of material removal behaviour during
grinding of hot work steel AISI H11 under different working environments (dry, wet cooling and
compressed gas) and process parameters ( feed rate, depth of cut and wheel speed). During the
experimental investigation, Aluminimum oxide grinding wheel was used to perform cutting action. It was
observed that under compressed gas, increase in depth of cut and decrease in feed rate resulted in
significant increase in material removal rate.
Effect of process parameters on surface roughness during grinding of hot work...IJMER
The major demands in machining of parts are closely controlling both geometrical accuracy
and dimensional of engineering component made up of difficult to shape material is increasing
continuously. Surface roughness is the important output responses in the production with respect to
quality and quantity respectively. The abrasive machining grinding process is mostly used to attain the
closer tolerances with better surface finish. In this work the AISI H11 hot work steel was used to
investigate the role of different working environments (dry , wet cooling and compressed gas) and
process parameters ( feed rate, depth of cut and wheel speed) on surface roughness. It was observed
that under wet cooling environment, decrease in feed rate, depth of cut and increase in wheel speed
resulted in significant increase in surface quality
Effect of Process Parameters on Micro Hardness of Mild Steel Processed by Sur...IOSR Journals
Surface grinding process can be utilized to create flat shapes at a high production rate and low
cost.. In this investigation, indigenously designed set up were used for evaluating the surface grinding process
was established. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of surface grinding process
parameters i.e. Inlet pressure of coolant, grinding wheel speed, work-piece speed, and nozzle angle on the micro
hardness of the mild steel specimen. In the present study Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table type
surface grinding machine fitted with test rig is used and cutting fluid is applied through the convergent nozzle to
throw the cutting fluids at the cutting zone. In order to evaluate the effect of selected process parameters, one
variable approach has been used in the present study. Plots of various Micro Hardness responses have been
used to determine the relationship between the output response and the input parameters. The value of
microhardness of grinded mild steel work-piece varies from 292.63 to 370.73 HV
OPTIMIZATION OF TURNING PROCESS PARAMETER IN DRY TURNING OF SAE52100 STEELIAEME Publication
This paper presents the optimization of surface roughness & material removal rate in dry turning of SAE52100 steel. Carbide inserts were used for machining of SAE 52100 to study effects of process parameters [Cutting speed (S), Feed (F) and depth of cut (d)]. These models can be effectively used to predict the surface roughness (Ra) & material removal rate of the workpiece. The big challenge of the Micro, small& medium industries in India for achieving high quality
products with increased productivity.
Desde el año 2010, Colombia adoptó como política pública la decisión de migrar de la Televisión Análoga implementada en 1954 a la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) lo cual se habría de consolidar con el apagón analógico en el año 2019. Lo anterior con el fin de permitir a los consumidores colombianos el acceso en forma gratuita a la oferta de televisión abierta de canales públicos y privados, con calidad de video en alta definición y mejor sonido, además de generar un ahorro significativo en la utilización de un bien finito como el espectro electromagnético (dividendo digital).
La decisión de migrar hacia la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) implica importantes esfuerzos en la adecuación de la red de transmisión a cargo de los concesionarios y operadores de la televisión abierta pública y privada; y el cambio en los mecanismos receptores de la señal en los hogares colombianos.
(Ver Acuerdo 004 de 2011)
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NEW COUPLING SYSTEM IN INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE TO IM...ijiert bestjournal
Injection molding machine is the most commonly used manufacturing process for the fabrication of plastic parts. The plastic being mel ted in injection molding machine and then injected into the mould. The barrel contains recipr ocating screw for injecting the material into the mould and the material is also melted into the barrel. This project deals with,the solution of problem occurred for reciprocating screw of Inje ction molding machine. It identifies and solves the problem by using the modeling and analys is techniques. The problem occurred in the reciprocating screw of machine which is wearing of threads due to affect of temperature of mold materials (flow ma terials) i.e. Nylon,low density polypropylene,polystyrene,PVC etc.,The main work was to model the components of machine with dimensions,and perform thermal analys is with modeled component.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Development and design validation of pneumatic tool for stem seal collet fi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the design development and design validation of special purpose pneumatic tool to optimize the steps in assembly and consequently production process. An attempt is made to develop a pneumatic tool that uses power of compressed air to generate a force enough to press the stem seal and the collet, collet cup collectively. Detailed calculations of section properties of various members of the tool assembly are carried out. Calculation for force to be generated is done by considering possibilities i.e. hydraulic generation and pneumatic. Prior to fabrication, detailed CAD modeling of each component of assembly is carried out using CATIA V5 software which gives a correct perception of the assembly and its components. Fabrication of each component of the assembly is carried out by various manufacturing processes as Grinding, milling, drilling. To enhance surface hardness induction hardening is carried out. Close correlation between the calculated and generated force validates the design.
This is introducing possibilities with improving moulding tool cavity and core blocks,inserts, sliders, lifters by providing conformal cooling and thus eliminating "hot spots". This will help improve cycle time, improve part quality and make you money. Payback period is generally matter of weeks.
Optimization of Metal Removal Rateon Cylindrical Grinding For Is 319 Brass Us...IJERA Editor
Cylindrical grinding is one of the most important metal cutting processes used extensively in the Metal finishing operations. Metal removal rate and surface finish are the important output responses in the production with respect to quantity and quality respectively. The objective of this paper is to arrive at the optimal grinding conditions that will maximize metal removal rate when grinding IS 319 brass. Empirical models were developed using design of experiments by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array and the adequacy of the developed model is tested with ANOVA.
Effect of process parameters on material removal rate during grinding of hot ...IJMER
Grinding can be described as a multi-tooth metal cutting operation in which material is
generally removed by shearing and ploughing in the form of micro sized chips by the abrasive grits of
the grinding wheel. This paper presents an important investigation of material removal behaviour during
grinding of hot work steel AISI H11 under different working environments (dry, wet cooling and
compressed gas) and process parameters ( feed rate, depth of cut and wheel speed). During the
experimental investigation, Aluminimum oxide grinding wheel was used to perform cutting action. It was
observed that under compressed gas, increase in depth of cut and decrease in feed rate resulted in
significant increase in material removal rate.
Effect of process parameters on surface roughness during grinding of hot work...IJMER
The major demands in machining of parts are closely controlling both geometrical accuracy
and dimensional of engineering component made up of difficult to shape material is increasing
continuously. Surface roughness is the important output responses in the production with respect to
quality and quantity respectively. The abrasive machining grinding process is mostly used to attain the
closer tolerances with better surface finish. In this work the AISI H11 hot work steel was used to
investigate the role of different working environments (dry , wet cooling and compressed gas) and
process parameters ( feed rate, depth of cut and wheel speed) on surface roughness. It was observed
that under wet cooling environment, decrease in feed rate, depth of cut and increase in wheel speed
resulted in significant increase in surface quality
Effect of Process Parameters on Micro Hardness of Mild Steel Processed by Sur...IOSR Journals
Surface grinding process can be utilized to create flat shapes at a high production rate and low
cost.. In this investigation, indigenously designed set up were used for evaluating the surface grinding process
was established. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of surface grinding process
parameters i.e. Inlet pressure of coolant, grinding wheel speed, work-piece speed, and nozzle angle on the micro
hardness of the mild steel specimen. In the present study Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table type
surface grinding machine fitted with test rig is used and cutting fluid is applied through the convergent nozzle to
throw the cutting fluids at the cutting zone. In order to evaluate the effect of selected process parameters, one
variable approach has been used in the present study. Plots of various Micro Hardness responses have been
used to determine the relationship between the output response and the input parameters. The value of
microhardness of grinded mild steel work-piece varies from 292.63 to 370.73 HV
OPTIMIZATION OF TURNING PROCESS PARAMETER IN DRY TURNING OF SAE52100 STEELIAEME Publication
This paper presents the optimization of surface roughness & material removal rate in dry turning of SAE52100 steel. Carbide inserts were used for machining of SAE 52100 to study effects of process parameters [Cutting speed (S), Feed (F) and depth of cut (d)]. These models can be effectively used to predict the surface roughness (Ra) & material removal rate of the workpiece. The big challenge of the Micro, small& medium industries in India for achieving high quality
products with increased productivity.
Desde el año 2010, Colombia adoptó como política pública la decisión de migrar de la Televisión Análoga implementada en 1954 a la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) lo cual se habría de consolidar con el apagón analógico en el año 2019. Lo anterior con el fin de permitir a los consumidores colombianos el acceso en forma gratuita a la oferta de televisión abierta de canales públicos y privados, con calidad de video en alta definición y mejor sonido, además de generar un ahorro significativo en la utilización de un bien finito como el espectro electromagnético (dividendo digital).
La decisión de migrar hacia la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) implica importantes esfuerzos en la adecuación de la red de transmisión a cargo de los concesionarios y operadores de la televisión abierta pública y privada; y el cambio en los mecanismos receptores de la señal en los hogares colombianos.
(Ver Acuerdo 004 de 2011)
- Muerte celular inflamatoria en la enfermedad metabólica -
José Israel León Pedroza, MD
(Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga")
Abstract 3D Printing is a process of manufacturing the product on the layer by layer. And it is best processes for producing a finished objects. It was started in 1980‟s with the invention of stereo lithography. It has gone through various ups and downs throughout its development and rejection of new technologies. In this paper, we h3ave summarized the printing of hollow compounds with different shapes. Applications of 3D printed hollow compounds are turbine blades, gears, disc brakes etc. One of the major application of 3D printing is hollow turbine blade. A turbine blade is the individual components. These are used to up the turbine section of a gas turbine. The blades must designed to withstand the high pressure and high temperature comings from combustor. These 3D printed hollow compounds has same strength as solid compounds when compared. Major advantages of the Hollow shaped compounds are heat transfer, low material cost. The aim of the paper is to reduce the cost of material and easy manufacturing of hollow compounds compared to traditional process and taken hollow turbine blade as example. Keywords: hollow compounds, 3D printing, turbine blades, Additive manufacturing.
DESING OF MOULD TOOL & COOLING CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL HELMETIjripublishers Ijri
A Plastic Material Is Any of A Wide Range of Synthetic Or Semi-Synthetic Organic Solids That Are Moldable. Plastics
Are Typically Organic Polymers Of High Molecular Mass, But They Often Contain Other Substances. They Are Usually
Synthetic, Most Commonly Derived From Petrochemicals, But Many Are Partially Natural.
Molding Is The Process of Manufacturing By Shaping Liquid Or Pliable Raw Material Using A Rigid Frame Called A Mold
Or Matrix. This It May Have Been Made Using A Pattern Or Model of The Final Object.
This project deals with the modeling of cooler tank parametric model as per the client requirement. Finding the best manufacturing process preparing mould base for the same, analyzing different manufacturing process by doing CNC program by changing milling parameters (feed, speed, cutters….).So that optimum parameters for manufacturing will be suggested which is useful to reduce the costs and efforts. Plastic flow analysis will be conducted to check the material flow and filling. So that reduction in the pre-machining cost will be done by rectifying the problem. FEM Based analysis will be conducted on mould structure to reduce weight of the mould. And thermal analysis will be conducted to suggest optimized cooling channel design. Modeling, mould base preparation, manufacturing, cnc programming will be done
DESIGN OF MOULD TOOL & COOLING CHANNEL OPTIMIZATION OF REMOTE CONTROL TOP PANELIjripublishers Ijri
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable. Plastics are
typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic,
most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural.
Molding is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or
matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object.
Cooling channels are used in mold tool to reduce the temperature of the object to help molten material to solidify quickly
before the ejection. It is quite useful to increase the production rate.
Technology for Plastic Mold Tooling - Direct Metal Deposition HCL Technologies
This whitepaper highlights the benefits of DMD(Direct Metal Deposition) technology in mold cycle time reduction. It presents a comparative analysis conducted for cycle time performance of a mold consisting of a conventionally machined tool steel insert to a mold fitted with a Chromium Copper insert with a coating of tool steel deposited by the DMD process.
Process optimization of pressure die casting to eliminate defect using cae so...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Die Casting is the manufacturing process by which a liquid material is pressurized in to the mould, which contains a hallow
cavity of the desired shape, and then molten metal is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is known as casting which is ejected
or broken out to complete the process. Objective in this project is to develop tools, dies and gating system. Identify defects such as
gas defects, shrinkage cavities, and mould material defects, pouring material defects, metallurgical defects etc. and take measures
to reduce flaws by using CAE software. To reduce the amount airs entrapped in the mould by changing the gating system, runner
and overflow location and optimize the gating system and process parameters for best quality product and improved productivity.
Defects can be formed easily at critical location during pressure die casting of aluminium alloy part. It has defective effect on the
casting. Mould filling and solidification process of a part was simulated using Z-cast software.
Key Words: Casting, HPDC, Z-cast, CAE Software, Simulation.
Drilling experiment
Abstract
The drilling experiment was conducted on aluminum specimen to open two holes for other parts to be connected in and welded on. The machines that were used in the experiment are the table saw, surface grinding machine and drilling machine.
Introduction
Drilling is one of the most important cutting procedures. The specimen is gripped in the desired position and the tool rotates. First a 1.15” of needed to be cut from the longer specimen. After the top and bottom of the specimen needed to be fattened using the surface grinding machine. Two holes were needed to be drilled one on the top and another or the side of the specimen. The holes must have 0.3” diameter and 0.5” depth, to be able to fit in the parts that were machined with the lathe.
Procedure
1. 1.15” was cut out of a long peace with a table saw (Figure 1).
2. The surfaces of the specimen was flatten using the surface grinding machine (Figure 2).
3. Using a 0.3” drill two 0.3” holes were drilled on the top and on the side of the specimen with 0.5” depth (Figure 3).
5. Assuring that the previous parts fit into the holes (Figure 4).
Pictures
Figrue 1 (Table saw)
Figure 2 (surface grinding machine)
Figure 3 (drilling machine)
Figure 4 (final results)
Lab report of 3D Printer “MakerBot”
Introduction
This experiment we learned about 3D printing, by using MakerBot printer. 3D printing also known as additive manufacturing. It’s a technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down sequential layers of materials. The MakerBot Replicator will melt PLA Filament and transfer it into the plates in layers to build the object. By using CAD system then convert it to STL file, the file can be transfer to the MakerBot Replicator by USB drive, USB cable or by the network.
Procedure
First after designing the part in CAD software, then we convert the file to STL format. Most 3D printer can use STL files. Third transfer the STL file to the 3D printer software, were we could designate the size and orientation for printing. Machine setup is another step for example how to prepare it for a new job, which includes adding the materials. Next we let the machine do the printing job, some objects takes hours and some take minutes. Finally we remove the materials from the 3D printer some printer have post processing which could include bathing the printed object in acid to remove the ground.
Figure 1. Display screen of the MakerBot, show you how min left and the percentage.
Figure 2. The MakerBot software were you adjust positioning.
Discussion
In this experiment, we learned how 3D printing technology is an awesome thing, which made creating objects from different Martials. 3D printer are become cheaper every year, that will help people to create and design there object then print it easy, by only using CAD software and convert it to STL file, and that will help to print object to test it in t.
structural and modal analysis of an engine block by varying materialsIjripublishers Ijri
The largest part of the engine is cylinder block. The upper section of the cylinder block consists of cylinders and pistons. Crankcase is supported by the crankshaft and it is placed in the lower section. Aluminum cylinder blocks are lighter than the cast-iron cylinder blocks of the same size. Cylinder block, pistons, cylinder head, crankshaft and connecting rods are the major elements of the engine. IC engine cooling uses either a liquid or gas to remove the unnecessary heat from an internal combustion engine. For special purpose and small engines, air cooling makes for a lightweight and relatively simple system, if we use the materials with better waste heat dissipation it will help in achieving better efficiencies and long life of the engine.
http://www.ijriset.com/pdf/mech/VOLUME%203/IJRI-ME-03-033/IJRI-ME-03-033%20STRUCTURAL%20AND%20MODAL%20ANALYSIS%20OF%20AN%20ENGINE%20BLOCK%20BY%20VARYING%20MATERIALS.html#
http://www.ijriset.com/pdf/mech/VOLUME%203/IJRI-ME-03-033/IJRI-ME-03-033%20STRUCTURAL%20AND%20MODAL%20ANALYSIS%20OF%20AN%20ENGINE%20BLOCK%20BY%20VARYING%20MATERIALS.pdf
life prediction analysis of tweel for the replacement of traditional wheelsIjripublishers Ijri
This thesis work is to provide advance level solution for the 4 wheeler wheels to provide unpuncherd and self-shock observed wheels.US defense recently lance honey comb tweels for the military vehicles, this project motto is to evaluate different types of tweels (shaped rims and tyres) to provide best shape and geometry for the tweels for two wheelers. Data collection will be done and literature survey will be done on wheels constriction, wheel materials to understand methodology for new research. Different tweel models will be prepared with the variation in tweel geometry then export into Ansys to conduct analysis work. Fatigue analysis will be done to evaluate total life for different tweels with variation of materials to suggest optimum shape for wheel.
simulation and analysis of 4 stroke single cylinder direct injection diesel e...Ijripublishers Ijri
A zero dimensional model has been used as a model to investigate the combustion performance of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled by high speed diesel. The numerical simulation was performed at different speeds and compression ratios. The pressure, temperature diagrams vs crank angle are plotted. The simulation model includes sub models for various frictional pressure losses, fuel inflow rate with crank angle.
A solution procedure is developed for solving the available equations using numerical methods. An appropriate C++ code is written for brake power, friction power, indicated power, brake thermal efficiency are simulated. Experiment was conducted on available four stroke diesel engine and the model is validated.
KEYWORDS: Simulation model, combustion performance, zero dimensional model, numerical simulation, indicated power, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, friction power.
investigation on thermal properties of epoxy composites filled with pine app...Ijripublishers Ijri
he present paper deals with the effect of volume fraction of fillers on the thermal Properties of polymer composites. This work sees an opportunity of enhancement on insulation capability of a typical fiber reinforced polymer composite. To validate this mathematical model, a set of epoxy based composites, with fiber content ranging 4.38 to 20.10% of volume fractions have been prepared by simple hand lay-up technique. For preparing the composite, natural fiber i.e. Pine apple leaf fibers are incorporated in Epoxy Resin. Thermal conductivities of these composite samples are measured as per ASTM standard E-1530 by using the Unitherm™ Model 2022 tester, which operates on the double guarded heat flow principle at the temperature ranging from 30˚C to 150˚C. And also the Specific Heat of the powdered samples are measured by using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). By using the MATLAB the numerical analysis is carried out to find the value of Thermal Diffusivity with varying temperatures. It was observed that the thermal diffusivity varies with fiber concentration, but the variation of thermal diffusivity with varying temperature was not so significant.
KEYWORDS: Pine Apple Leaf fiber, Epoxy Composites, Volume Fraction, Thermal Properties.
Ijricit 01-008 confidentiality strategy deduction of user-uploaded pictures o...Ijripublishers Ijri
With the growing quantity of pictures users distribute from node to node social networks, retaining confidentiality has turn out to be a foremost predicament, as declared by a latest wave of made known occurrences wherever users unintentionally shared individual profile. In radiance of these occurrences made necessitate of tools to assist users organize access to their distributed data is evident. In the direction of speak to this requirement, we suggest an Adaptive Privacy Policy forecast (A3P) scheme to facilitate users compile confidentiality settings for their pictures. We observe the responsibility of communal context, picture content, and metadata as possible sign of users’ confidentiality preference. We recommend a two-level structure which according to the user’s obtainable times past on the site, establishs the most excellent obtainable confidentiality policy for the user’s pictures being uploaded. Our solution relies on an image classification framework for image categories which may be associated with similar policies, and on a policy prediction algorithm to automatically generate a policy for each newly uploaded image, also according to users’ social features. Over time, the generated policies will follow the evolution of users’ privacy attitude. We provide the results of our extensive evaluation over 5,000 policies, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our system, with prediction accuracies over 90 percent.
public truthfulness assessment for shared active cloud data storage with grou...Ijripublishers Ijri
The arrival of the cloud computing constructs cloud storage outsourcing turns out to be a mounting drift, which encourages the protected isolated data inspection an burning subject that materialize in the investigation writing. Newly a quantity of investigation regard as the trouble of protected and proficient public data truthfulness inspection for shared active data. Though, these methods are still not protected against the consent of cloud storage space server and invalidated group users through user invalidation in realistic cloud storage space method. Thus here in this paper, we Identify the conspiracy assault in the obtainable method and offer an well-organized public truthfulness inspection method with protected group user invalidation based on vector assurance and verifier-local invalidation group signature. We propose a tangible plan based on the our method explanation. Our method chains the public examination and well-organized user revocation and also some nice properties, such as confidently, efficiency, countability and traceability of secure group user invalidation. Finally, the security and experimental analysis show that,compared with its appropriate methods our scheme is also safe and well-organized.
Ijricit 01-006 a secluded approval on clould storage proceedingsIjripublishers Ijri
In available practically proven Data clustering practices for eradicating same copies of replicated data, Data de-replication is one of significant mechanisms, and has been extensively practiced in cloud storage to diminish the quantity of storage space and accumulate bandwidth. To guard the privacy of responsive data though sustaining de-replication, the convergent encryption technique has been anticipated to encrypt the data before redirecting. For an improvised shielding of data safety, this paper formulates the primary effort to formally speak to the problem of approved data de-replication. Diverse from conventional de-replication systems, the discrepancy privileges of users are auxiliary considered in replica verification besides the data itself. In this we introduce several novel de-replication structural methods in sustaining approved replica test in hybrid cloud architecture. Safety examination demonstrates that our system is protected in terms of the description particular in the anticipated security model. As an evidence of perception, we execute a model of our anticipated approved replica check method and perform test-bed research using our model. We demonstrate that our anticipated approved replica check method acquire minimal overhead evaluated to standard procedures.
Jiri ece-01-03 adaptive temporal averaging and frame prediction based surveil...Ijripublishers Ijri
Global interconnect planning becomes a challenge as semiconductor technology continuously scales. Because of the increasing wire resistance and higher capacitive coupling in smaller features, the delay of global interconnects becomes large compared with the delay of a logic gate, introducing a huge performance gap that needs to be resolved A novel equalized global link architecture and driver– receiver co design flow are proposed for high-speed and low-energy on-chip communication by utilizing a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). The proposed global link is analyzed using a linear system method, and the formula of CTLE eye opening is derived to provide high-level design guidelines and insights.
Compared with the separate driver–receiver design flow, over 50% energy reduction is observed.
Ijri ece-01-02 image enhancement aided denoising using dual tree complex wave...Ijripublishers Ijri
This paper presents a novel way to reduce noise introduced or exacerbated by image enhancement methods, in particular algorithms based on the random spray sampling technique, but not only. According to the nature of sprays, output images of spray-based methods tend to exhibit noise with unknown statistical distribution. To avoid inappropriate assumptions on the statistical characteristics of noise, a different one is made. In fact, the non-enhanced image is considered to be either free of noise or affected by non-perceivable levels of noise. Taking advantage of the higher sensitivity of the human visual system to changes in brightness, the analysis can be limited to the luma channel of both the non-enhanced and enhanced image. Also, given the importance of directional content in human vision, the analysis is performed through the dual-tree complex wavelet transform , lanczos interpolator and edge preserving smoothing filters. Unlike the discrete wavelet transform, the DTWCT allows for distinction of data directionality in the transform space. For each level of the transform, the standard deviation of the non-enhanced image coefficients is computed across the six orientations of the DTWCT, then it is normalized.
Keywords: dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTWCT), lanczos interpolator, edge preserving smoothing filters.
Ijri ece-01-01 joint data hiding and compression based on saliency and smvqIjripublishers Ijri
Global interconnect planning becomes a challenge as semiconductor technology continuously scales. Because of the increasing wire resistance and higher capacitive coupling in smaller features, the delay of global interconnects becomes large compared with the delay of a logic gate, introducing a huge performance gap that needs to be resolved A novel equalized global link architecture and driver– receiver co design flow are proposed for high-speed and low-energy on-chip communication by utilizing a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). The proposed global link is analyzed using a linear system method, and the formula of CTLE eye opening is derived to provide high-level design guidelines and insights.
Compared with the separate driver–receiver design flow, over 50% energy reduction is observed.
Ijri te-03-011 performance testing of vortex tubes with variable parametersIjripublishers Ijri
Conventional refrigeration system is a type of refrigeration systems which are costly; noisy, harmful gases released from a machine based on application of this type of system and it is required more maintenance. So, we need to go for unconventional refrigeration systems like vortex tube refrigeration system, which produce less vibrations and which require less maintenance and which are noiseless. It is required for our mechanical engineers to look for enhancing the performance of such vortex tubes. So as a part of my project work, I have chosen various sizes of vortex tubes and test their performances for finding out optimum performance. We will be testing the performance of vortex tubes with different ‘l/d’ ratios and different cold fractions, with different pressures and different nozzle sizes.
a prediction of thermal properties of epoxy composites filled with pine appl...Ijripublishers Ijri
The present paper deals with the effect of volume fraction of fillers on the thermal Properties of polymer composites. This work sees an opportunity of enhancement on insulation capability of a typical fiber reinforced polymer composite. To validate this mathematical model, a set of epoxy based composites, with fiber content ranging 4.38 to 20.10% of volume fractions have been prepared by simple hand lay-up technique. For preparing the composite, natural fiber i.e. Pine apple leaf fibers are incorporated in Epoxy Resin. Thermal conductivities of these composite samples are measured as per ASTM standard E-1530 by using the Unitherm™ Model 2022 tester, which operates on the double guarded heat flow principle at the temperature ranging from 30˚C to 150˚C. And also the Specific Heat of the powdered samples are measured by using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). By using the MATLAB the numerical analysis is carried out to find the value of Thermal Diffusivity with varying temperatures. It was observed that the thermal diffusivity varies with fiber concentration, but the variation of thermal diffusivity with varying temperature was not so significant.
KEYWORDS: Pine Apple Leaf fiber, Epoxy Composites, Volume Fraction, Thermal Properties
Ijri te-03-013 modeling and thermal analysis of air-conditioner evaporatorIjripublishers Ijri
Air conditioning evaporator works by absorb heat from the area (medium) that need to be cooled. It does that by maintaining the evaporator coil at low temperature and pressure than the surrounding air. Since, the AC evaporator coil contains refrigerant that absorbs heat from the surrounding air, the refrigerant temperature must be lower than the air.
In our project we have modeling an air-cooled evaporator for a home 1.5ton air conditioner. Presently the material used for coils is copper and the material used for fins is copper or aluminum. A 3D model of the evaporator is done in parametric software Pro/Engineer.
To validate the temperatures and other thermal quantities like flux and gradient, thermal analysis is done on the evaporator coil by applying properties copper and suitable material like aluminum. And also we are varying inside cooling fluid Hydrocarbon (HC) and Hydro chloroflouro carbon (HCFC).The best material for the evaporator of our design can be checked by comparing the results.
Thermal analysis is done in ANSYS.
Ijri te-03-012 design and optimization of water cool condenser for central ai...Ijripublishers Ijri
Water-cooled chiller systems have typically been designed around entering condenser water temperatures of 85°F with a Optimization of Water - Cooled Chiller – Cooling Tower Combinations The warm water leaving the chilled water coils is pumped to the evaporator of the chiller, where the unwanted heat from the building is transferred by the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The compressor of the chiller then compresses the refrigerant to a higher pressure, adding the heat of compression in the process. The high pressure refrigerant then moves to the economical condenser water flow of 3.0 USGPM/ton and a 10°F denser, where the unwanted heat is rerange. In recent years, there has been considerable debate on the merits of designing around lower condenser water flow rates with a higher range in order to improve system lifecycle costs. However, two other parameters must also be considered in any analysis - approach and design wet bulb. The question to be answered is: What nominal condenser water flow rate and approach is best from a first cost standpoint as well as from a full load energy standpoint at any given wet bulb.
Ijri me-02-031 predictive analysis of gate and runner system for plastic inje...Ijripublishers Ijri
The aim of the project work is to specify optimum design of runner and gate systems to enhance the production rate for plastic part manufacturing. Literature survey will be done on runner and gate system to understand simulation or analysis approach. Data collection will be done to brief about runner and gate system importance, design method and variations. Plastic flow analysis will be done on digital prototype of a specimen by various runner and gate profiles and also done by changing materials. The optimum profiles for the runner and gate system will be suggested by comparing flow results with specific materials and profiles.
The dispersed mobile-health concern in cloud computing significantly make easy protected and well-organized patient
treatment for medical discussion by distributional individual health data amongst the health concern contributors. This
scheme should fetch about the confront of maintening both the data privacy and patient’s individuality confidentiality
concurrently. Many conventional access control and unidentified verification methods cannot be directly exploited. To
resolve the trouble proposed a district approved accessible confidential model (AACM) is recognized. Patients can give
permission to physicians by setting an permission tree sustaining bendable threshold predicates. Then related to that,
by formulating a novel procedure of attribute based nominated authenticator signature, a patient self-driven multi-stage
confidentiality safeguard supportive verification scheme (PSCSV) understanding three levels of protection and confidentiality
necessity in distributed mobile-health concern cloud computing system is anticipated. The directly approved
physicians, the obliquely approved physicians and the illegitimate persons in medical consultation can correspondingly
decode the personal health data and/or authenticate patient individualities by gratifying the admittance tree with their
own attribute sets.
Ijricit 01-004 progressive and translucent user individualityIjripublishers Ijri
password, unambiguous logouts and procedures of user session expiration using typical timeouts. upcoming biometric
mechanism permit alternates user-id and password with biometric information throughout session administration,
however that mechanism still a single authentication is considered adequate, and the individuality of a end-user is
deemed unchallengeable throughout the whole session. In Addition, the duration of the session time-out may effect on
the utilizability of the service and consequential consumer approval. In this paper we deals with guaranteed substitutes
obtainable by considering biometrics in the administration of sessions.
Thus we propose protected protocol is emphasized for continuous verification through perpetual user authentication.
This protocol emphasizes about adaptive timeouts in terms of the excellency, occurrence and type of biometric data
transparently obtained from the end-user. Illustration of operational behavior of the protocol is done through Matlab
simulations by base paper author, whereas model-based quantitative investigation is been carried out to review the
capability of the protocol to distinct security attack practiced by diverse kinds of attackers. In conclusion, the contemporary
prototype for PCs and Android smartphones is discussed.
Ijricit 01-002 enhanced replica detection in short time for large data setsIjripublishers Ijri
Similarity check of real world entities is a necessary factor in these days which is named as Data Replica Detection.
Time is an critical factor today in tracking Data Replica Detection for large data sets, without having impact over quality
of Dataset. In this we primarily introduce two Data Replica Detection algorithms , where in these contribute enhanced
procedural standards in finding Data Replication at limited execution periods.This contribute better improvised state
of time than conventional techniques . We propose two Data Replica Detection algorithms namely progressive sorted
neighborhood method (PSNM), which performs best on small and almost clean datasets, and progressive blocking (PB),
which performs best on large and very grimy datasets. Both enhance the efficiency of duplicate detection even on very
large datasets.
Ijricit 01-001 pipt - path backscatter mechanism for unveiling real location ...Ijripublishers Ijri
There is a necessity to think over IP traceback technique that help us to track or predict IP address details of malicious
attackers and reveal their actual locations. In spite of lot of research over IP traceback solutions, still there is a necessity
to find an optimal solution that could be implemented at the level of Internet. Real identity of spoofers couldn’t be
revealed by conventional techniques used until today. Through this paper we emphasize primarily on traceback of passive
IP (PIPT) that avoid the procedural risks involved in implementing IP traceback solutions. Path Backscatter (Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) error messages) is probed by PIPT. Spoofing traffic fires these Backscatter, in order to
find the details of spoofer’s topological physical identity and bypasses procedural risks.
Impacts of normal mode and complication mode over Router topological structure are visualized. Nodal info tracker
over parameter i.e Bandwidth, digital sign, source IP, Dest IP and attack status on three network parameters. Spoofing
has been performed on IP addresses, packet data and bandwidth .These three parameter i.e IP addresses, packet data,
bandwidth status and topological nature are been demonstrated through technical stimulation. From the study made
we are able to assure optimized technique of traceback system through PIPT, in order to face the challenges of deployment
at internet level.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
OPTIMIZED DIE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULD USING FEM TECHNIQUE
1. 1
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
OPTIMIZED DIE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULD USING FEM
TECHNIQUE
Choppara. Yasudas, D.Gopichand
Mother Theresa Institute of Technology(mist) Sanketika Nagar Sathupally Khammam,India
*Corresponding Author:
Choppara. Yasudas,
Mother Theresa Institute of Technology(mist) Sanketika Nagar
Sathupally Khammam,India
Published: Sep 22, 2014
Volume No: I
Issue No. : III
Citation:Choppara. Yasudas, D.Gopichand (2014) Optimized
Die Structure Design of Plastic Injection Mould Using
Fem Technique
Introduction
Air coolers also called evaporative coolers are used
for cooling purposes. They are different from air
conditioners in the sense air conditioners use refrig-
eration cycle principle whereas air coolers use the
evaporation of water principle. There are five main
evaporative cooler parts, with each of these being
composed of other parts or pieces.The first part is
the Blower which creates the airflow into and out
of the cooler.Then there are the pads which filter
and cool the air. These pads are attached to the side
grill; this grill is supported with side grill pillars and
Abstract
A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material mostly using a press. Like molds,
dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from simple paper clips
to complex pieces used in advanced technology.
The Aim of this thesis work is to reduce weight and cost of the injection mold by removing unwanted materials and using
low cost materials at non-stress region areas.
A general large size model will be prepared to design the mold structure using theoretical method.
Complete level of mold parts and assembly will be prepared to conduct analysis.
Structural analysis will be conducted on mould to find stress locations and non-effective locations.
Modifications will be done on mold according to obtained results.
Analysis will be carried out on modified mold for evaluation and various materials will be applied in ANSYS at non-
stress effected areas to reduce the cost.
Conclusion will be made from the obtained results along with comparison table’s / charts.
Problem Description for Cooler Tank Die and Methodology
Mound tool is the major segment in plastic component manufacturing. The product cost and quality component by de-
pends on the mould structure cost and cooling quality only.
Chinese are manufacturing plastic components at very low cost by using low cost mould.
In our country we can do the same by reducing mould structure cost and, also quality of the product can be increased
by providing sufficient cooling effect.
The following process will guide to rectify the problems:
• Evaluating existing structures.
• Reducing unwanted materials by analyzing at clamping force conditions.
• Evaluating and optimizing cooling channel system to provide optimum cooling effect.
• By reducing the unwanted materials cost be reduced.
• By optimizing cooling channel system, quality will increased by doing reduction of plastic war pages and in-
creasing the surface quality of the product.
Review Article- 1401-1402
International Journal of Research and Innovation
(IJRI)
2. 2
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
a mounting stand for motor. And the final part is
bottom tank used to store water.
First, when the evaporative cooler is on, the pump
circulates water from the tank of the cooler to the
top. It filters down into the pads where some of it is
absorbed, but what isn’t absorbed is passed down
to the tank of the machine again where it will repeat
the cycle of being circulated again to the top. Some
of the water will be evaporated from the pads and
the circulating water will eventually be used up. So
tank acts as a water reservoir in order to keep the
pads damp if the pads ever dry out, the cooler will
not be able to cool the air.
We have taken up the parameters of an already pre-
pared air cooler and prepared a model for air cooler
tank. And that mould tool design is done based on
the model, by using CREO 2.0(PRO/ENGINEER)
software. After determining the values of the mould
tools, manufacturing drawings are prepared with
full details selecting the appropriate materials. Sub-
sequently, these mould tools are manufactured as
per drawing prepared and subjected to quality con-
trol tests.
Introduction TO CAD
Computer Aided Design (CAD) is a technique in
which man and machine are blended in to prob-
lem solving team, intimately coupling the best char-
acteristics of each. The result of this combination
works better than either man or machine would
work alone , and by using a multi discipline ap-
proach, it offers the advantages of integrated
team work.
Figure 1 Air cooler
MODEL OF AIR COOLER TANK
The above image shows sketch view
3. 3
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows Model rare view
The above image shows Final model of cooler tank
2D DRAWINGS OF COOLER TANK
The above image shows 2d drafting views along with dimensions of cooler tank
4. 4
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
MOULD EXTRACTION
A die is usually made in two halves and when closed
it forms a cavity similar to the casting desired. One
half of the die that remains stationary is known
as cover die and the other movable half is called
“ejector die”.
The die casting method is used for castings of non-
ferrous metals of comparatively Low fusion tem-
perature. This process is cheaper and quicker than
permanent or sand mould casting. Most of the au-
tomobile parts like fuel pump, carburetor bodies,
Horn heater, wipers, brackets, steering wheels,
hubs and crank cases are made with this process.
Core: The core which is the male portion of the mold
forms the internal shape of the molding.
Cavity:The cavity which is the female portion of the
mold, gives the molding its external form.
CAVITY
6. 6
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows core
Cavity Back Plates- Plates used as a support for the mold cavity block, core block.
DIE DESIGN
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Ejector Plate – Ejector plate is used for pushing ejector pins, retainer plate etc
Ejector Pins - Pins that are pushed into a mold cavity from the rear as the mold
opens to force the finished part out of the mold.
The above image is showing ejector plate and ejector pins
The above image is showing ejector pin
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Retainer Plate - The plate on which demountable pieces, such as mold cavities,
ejector pins, retainer pins are mounted during molding.
Retainer Pins – Retainer pins are used to push the retainer plate
The above image is showing retainer pin
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Guide Bush Guide Pillar
The above image is showing guide bush and guide pillar
Guide Sleeves
The above image is showing guide bush and guide pillar
2D drawings
The above image is showing cavity back plate and retaining plate
11. 11
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
DIE ASSEMBLY
The above image is showing die assembly
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS
ANSYS is general-purpose finite element analysis
(FEA) software package. Finite Element Analysis
is a numerical method of deconstructing a complex
system into very small pieces (of user-designated
size) called elements. The software implements
equations that govern the behaviour of these ele-
ments and solves them all; creating a comprehen-
sive explanation of how the system acts as a whole.
These results then can be presented in tabulated,
or graphical forms. This type of analysis is typically
used for the design and optimization of a system far
too complex to analyze by hand. Systems that may
fit into this category are too complex due to their
geometry, scale, or governing equations.
ANSYS is the standard FEA teaching tool within
the Mechanical Engineering Department at many
colleges. ANSYS is also used in Civil and Electrical
Engineering, as well as the Physics and Chemistry
departments.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND BOUNDARY CON-
DITIONS
MATERIAL: EN 38
Material Properties: Youngs Modulus (EX) :
20900N/mm2
Poissons Ratio (PRXY) : 0.27
Density
:0.000007876kg/mm3
Hardness, Brinell 179 - 235
Hardness, Knoop 229
Hardness, Rockwell B 93
Hardness, Rockwell C 15
Hardness, Vickers 217
Bulk Modulus 140 GPa 20300 ksi
Typical for steel
Machinability 55 %
Shear Modulus 80.0 GPa
Carbon, C 0.32 - 0.38 %
Iron, Fe 97.15 - 98.08 %
Manganese, Mn 1.45 - 2.05 %
Phosphorous, P <= 0.035 %
Silicon, Si 0.15 - 0.35 %
Sulfur, S <= 0.040 %
MILD STEEL (MS)
Physical Properties Metric
Density 7.87 g/cc
Mechanical Properties Metric
Hardness, Brinell 126
Hardness, Knoop 145
Hardness, Rockwell B
Hardness, Vickers 131
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 440 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 370 MPa
Elongation at Break 15 % 15 %
Reduction of Area 40 %
Modulus of Elasticity 205 GPa
Bulk Modulus 140 GPa
Poissons Ratio 0.29
Machinability 70 %
Shear Modulus 80.0 GPa
Thermal Properties Metric
Specific Heat Capacity 0.486 J/g-°C
Thermal Conductivity 51.9 W/m-K
Component Elements Properties Metric
Carbon, C 0.14 - 0.20 %
Iron, Fe 98.81 - 99.26 %
Manganese, Mn 0.60 - 0.90 %
Phosphorous, P <= 0.040 %
Sulfur, S <= 0.050 %
c22 material properties
Density 8.22 g/cc
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 765 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 380 MPa@Strain
0.200 %
Modulus of Elasticity 139 GPa
Boron, B <= 0.0080 %
Carbon, C 0.10 %
Chromium, Cr 22 %
Cobalt, Co 1.5 %
Iron, Fe 18 %
Manganese, Mn <= 1.0 %
Molybdenum, Mo 9.0 %
Nickel, Ni 47 %
Silicon, Si <= 1.0 %
Tungsten, W 0.60 %
OHNS
Oil Hardened Non-shrinking Steel
Density 7.83 g/cc
Modulus of Elasticity214 GPa
Component Elements Properties Metric
Carbon, C 0.94 %
Chromium, Cr 0.50 %
Iron, Fe 96.56 %
Manganese, Mn 1.2 %
Silicon, Si 0.30 %
Tungsten, W 0.50 %
CONSTRAINED AT BOTTOM
FORCE ON TOP 741.255 TONS
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF STANDARD MOULD
The above image is the imported model of composite shaft. Modeling was done in Pro-E
and imported with the help of IGES (Initial Graphical Exchanging Specification).
Meshed Model
The above image showing the meshed modal. Default solid Brick element was used to
mesh the components. The shown mesh method was called Tetra Hydra Mesh.
Meshing is used to deconstruct complex problem into number of small problems based
on finite element method.
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image is showing the loads applied on a mold
The above image shows the displacement, value is 0.007979mm
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows the stress, value is 5.61561N/mm2
Structural Analysis of Reduced Thickness
The above image shows the displacement, value is 0.008118mm
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows the stress, value is 5.6919N/mm2
Structural Analysis of Reduced Thickness Two
The above image shows the displacement, value is 0.008713mm
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows the stress, value is 10.5942N/mm2
The above image shows the stress, value is 10.5942N/mm2
Thermal Analysis For Standard Mould
The above image is the imported model of composite shaft. Modeling was done in Pro-E
and imported with the help of IGES (Initial Graphical Exchanging Specification).
18. 18
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image showing the meshed modal. Default solid Brick element was used to
mesh the components. The shown mesh method was called Tetra Hydra Mesh.
Meshing is used to deconstruct complex problem into number of small problems based
on finite element method.
The above image shows the melted material temperatureThe above image shows the melted material temperature
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows the cooling channel temperature
The above images shows the contact area with air
20. 20
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Results
The above image shows the nodal temperature
The above image shows the thermal gradient
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows the Thermal flux
Thermal Analysis For Modified Cooling ChannelThermal Analysis For Modified Cooling Channel
Nodal temperature
The above image shows the nodal temperature
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
The above image shows the thermal gradient
The above image shows the Thermal flux
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
By designed the mould tool for air cooler
tank, with the parameters now we can manufacture
the air cooler tank according to the dimensions. The
flow chart of the manufacturing process of the air
cooler tank is given below.
Raw material
Hot die steels are most commonly used mould tool
materials. they have Excellent toughness, ductility
and harden ability .Used for vary large dies espe-
cially in thickness greater than 200mm .Also used
for hot and warm forging and in extrusion tooling
such as intricate dies and also dummy block ,lin-
ers, etc.
Surface grinding
After selecting raw material surface grinding is
done, Surface Grinding is a widely used process of
machining in which a spinning wheel covered in
rough particles cuts chips of metallic or non metal-
lic substance making them flat or smooth.
Heat treatment
To increase the strength of the material it is heat
treated. Heat treatment is an important operation
in the manufacturing process of machine parts and
tools. Heat Treatment is the controlled heating and
cooling of metals to alter their physical and me-
chanical properties without changing the product
shape.
Heat Treatment is often associated with increasing
the strength of material, but it can also be used to
alter certain manufacturability objectives such as
improve machining, improve formability, restore
ductility after a cold working operation. Thus it is
a very enabling manufacturing process that can
not only help other manufacturing process, but can
also improve product performance by increasing
strength or other desirable characteristics.
CNC machining
In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component
design is highly automated using CAD/CAM pro-
grams. The programs produce a computer file that
is interpreted to extract the commands needed to
operate a particular machine, and then loaded into
the CNC machines for production. Since any par-
ticular component might require the use of a num-
ber of different tools - drills, saws, etc. - modern
machines often combine multiple tools into a sin-
gle "cell". In other cases, a number of different ma-
chines are used with an external controller and hu-
man or robotic operators that move the component
from machine to machine. In either case the com-
plex series of steps needed to produce any part is
highly automated and produces a part that closely
matches the original CAD design. After undergoing
CNC machining process the mold tool i.e. core and
cavity are shown in following figures.
Cavity
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
CORE ROUGHING
CUTTING TOOL
PLAY PATH
VERICUT
ROUGHING PROGRAM
%G71 O0001
N0010T1M06
S5000M03
G00X10.Y-10.
G43Z0.H01
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
ROUGHING PROGRAM
G71
O0001
N0010T1M06
S5000M03
G00X111.616Y-139.396
G43Z0.H01
G01X111.854Y-140.92Z-1.753F200.
X112.545Y-142.3Z-2.34
X113.625Y-143.402Z-2.684
X114.989Y-144.124Z-2.874
X116.508Y-144.395Z-2.94
X116.616Y-144.396
G03X116.616Y-144.396I0.J5.
G02X120.025Y-146.076I0.J-4.3
G01X120.153Y-146.242
G03X123.68Y-146.474I1.865J1.433
X116.616Y-149.396I-7.064J7.078
G02X120.228Y-151.363I0.J-4.3
G01X120.353Y-151.557
G03X123.997Y-152.454I2.298J1.484
X116.616Y-154.396I-7.381J13.058
G02X120.313Y-156.501I0.J-4.3
CAVITY
ROUGHING
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Displacement in
mm
Stress In N/mm2
Standard mold 0.007979 5.61561
Reduced thickness 0.008118 5.6919
Reduced thickness
two
0.008713 10.5942
Structural analysis
Thermal gradient Thermal
flux
Nodal temperature
Standard mold 240.348 12.4981 513
Modified cooling 260.207 13.5308 513
Thermal analysis
CONCLUSION
• In this project, designed an air cooler water
tank as per the parameters; tank capacity is
15 liters, width 380mm, length 420mm, and
height 260mm.
• Core and Cavity is extracted for the tank.
• Die design is prepared for the same.
• The modeling, core-cavity extraction and die
design is done in creo 2.0.
• CNC program is generated for core and cavity
to conducting milling operation.
• Static and thermal analysis is conducted on
mould structure for weight reduction and for
optimized cooling channels.
• As per the analytical results reduction of
spacer housing thickness and reduction of core
back support is also performing well, so bet-
ter to use reduced thick 2 model for cast and
weight reduction.
• Optimized location is the better option for ther-
mal behavior because of high flux and gradient
rates.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Machine design, T.V.Sundararajamoorthy
2) Machine design, R.S.Khurmi/J.K.Guptha
(S.CHAND)
3) Design data book:P.S.G.College of Technology
(Kalaikathirachchagam),
4) Www. google.com “online”
5) Design of machine element:V.B.Bandari (TATA
McGraw-hill
6) Injectionmould design: R.G.W. PYE (East-West
press Pvt. Ltd
Authors
Choppara. Yasudas
20 Year’s Teching Experience In Govt Polytechnic
College
D.Gopichand
Qualification: m.tech
Designation: assistant profressor
Experience :4 yr in teaching & 2 yr experience in
InfoTech as design engineer