The article presents a solution to the problem of optimizing the structure of filter-compensating devices (FCD) when installed in high-voltage mine networks with powerful nonlinear electrical receivers. The urgency of the problem of choosing a rational structure of the FCD. The problem of choosing the design and installation location of the FCD is presented. The main technical means of compensation of higher harmonics of currents and voltages in high-voltage networks with powerful nonlinear electrical receivers are considered. Analysis of different types of passive filters (PF) and their frequency properties showed that the choice of specific types of PF refers to the multi-criteria optimization problem. The main methods of optimization of FCD design are considered. The variant of FCD construction based on the solution of multi-criteria optimization problem with the use of fuzzy sets is proposed and justified. To this end, the calculation of PF parameters and frequency characteristics of equivalent systems of the "filterexternal network" type for four possible combinations of PF is performed. The optimal is a FCD with two resonant PF tuned to the 11th and 13th harmonics, and a second-order broadband PF tuned to compensate harmonics starting from the 23rd and above. The analysis of simulation results showed effective compensation of higher harmonic currents and voltages.
Harmonic enhancement in microgrid with applications on sensitive loadsIJECEIAES
Power quality issues are an important and growing problem in microgrid. There are two reasons; the more active consumer is participating in the power sector, the use of renewable energy which having a great impact on voltage variation. This paper discusses power quality disturbance and especially harmonic distortion issues in microgrid, and suggests a solution to maintain the operation of the distribution system within power quality standard. To protect sensitive loads from harmonics produced by the grid and by renewable energy sources, passive harmonic filter has been proposed in this paper. The electrical system of a nuclear research reactor as sensitive loads is designed by using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software. The results show these technical issues are presented with their influence on electrical voltage and harmonic specter.
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes and simulates a hybrid power generation system using renewable energy sources like solar and wind along with an active power filter to improve power quality. The system uses a four-leg voltage source inverter with both a conventional DC link controller and a fuzzy logic controller to regulate the DC link voltage and compensate for current harmonics from nonlinear loads. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed control scheme and active power filter configuration can effectively improve power quality by reducing total harmonic distortion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Improvement in Faulty Conditions using Tuned Harmonic FiltersIOSR Journals
This document presents a study on improving power quality in faulty electrical power systems using tuned harmonic filters. It proposes using single tuned and double tuned harmonic filters to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) during different types of faults, including line-to-ground, line-to-line, double line-to-ground, three phase, and three phase with ground faults. A four bus power system model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Results show that a double tuned filter is more effective at reducing THD during faults, with THD reductions of up to 70%, compared to 30-50% for a single tuned filter. The double tuned filter improves power quality the most during line-to-ground, double line-
The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
Power Quality Improvement of Grid Interconnection of renewable Energy Based D...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a grid interfacing inverter which compensates power quality problems and also interface Renewable Energy Sources with the help of electric grid. Renewable Energy Sources are being increasingly connected in distribution system utilizing power electronic converters. Grid interfacing inverter can be used: 1) To improve the transfer of active power harvested from RES; 2) To meet load reactive power demand support ; 3) To reduce current harmonics by incorporating the current harmonic compensator at point of common coupling(PCC) ; 4) current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. The fuzzy logic can be used in many applications especially, when the process/models are complex to analyse by using classical methods. Mainly fuzzy logic controller is used to control DC capacitor voltage. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the performance of the controller. The output shows the controller has fast dynamic response high accuracy of tracking DC voltage reference and robust to load parameters variations.
Mitigation of the Harmonics under Reactive Power Compensation by SHPF-TCR Usi...IJERA Editor
In this paper, a combined system of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter
(SHPF)has been designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK approach for harmonic and reactive power compensation.
The quality of the power is effected by many factors like harmonic contamination, due to the increment of nonlinear
loads, sag and swell due to the switching of the loads etc. Also control schemes based on PI and Fuzzy
logic controllers have been proposed to mitigate the harmonics and neutral current . The proposed methodology
not only reduces the complexity but also offers simplicity to implement and increases reliability of the system.
These control strategies also help in achieving a low cost highly effective control. The performance is also
observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics, flicker and spikes with Non-Linear and
Reactive Loads with different control strategies.
https://jst.org.in/index.html
Our journal has envision the collaborative future we're creating—one where engineering, management, science, and mathematics harmonize to shape a world defined by innovation and progress. Numbers tell stories, and in the world of research and development, mathematics is the universal language.
Harmonic enhancement in microgrid with applications on sensitive loadsIJECEIAES
Power quality issues are an important and growing problem in microgrid. There are two reasons; the more active consumer is participating in the power sector, the use of renewable energy which having a great impact on voltage variation. This paper discusses power quality disturbance and especially harmonic distortion issues in microgrid, and suggests a solution to maintain the operation of the distribution system within power quality standard. To protect sensitive loads from harmonics produced by the grid and by renewable energy sources, passive harmonic filter has been proposed in this paper. The electrical system of a nuclear research reactor as sensitive loads is designed by using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software. The results show these technical issues are presented with their influence on electrical voltage and harmonic specter.
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes and simulates a hybrid power generation system using renewable energy sources like solar and wind along with an active power filter to improve power quality. The system uses a four-leg voltage source inverter with both a conventional DC link controller and a fuzzy logic controller to regulate the DC link voltage and compensate for current harmonics from nonlinear loads. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed control scheme and active power filter configuration can effectively improve power quality by reducing total harmonic distortion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Improvement in Faulty Conditions using Tuned Harmonic FiltersIOSR Journals
This document presents a study on improving power quality in faulty electrical power systems using tuned harmonic filters. It proposes using single tuned and double tuned harmonic filters to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) during different types of faults, including line-to-ground, line-to-line, double line-to-ground, three phase, and three phase with ground faults. A four bus power system model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Results show that a double tuned filter is more effective at reducing THD during faults, with THD reductions of up to 70%, compared to 30-50% for a single tuned filter. The double tuned filter improves power quality the most during line-to-ground, double line-
The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
Power Quality Improvement of Grid Interconnection of renewable Energy Based D...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a grid interfacing inverter which compensates power quality problems and also interface Renewable Energy Sources with the help of electric grid. Renewable Energy Sources are being increasingly connected in distribution system utilizing power electronic converters. Grid interfacing inverter can be used: 1) To improve the transfer of active power harvested from RES; 2) To meet load reactive power demand support ; 3) To reduce current harmonics by incorporating the current harmonic compensator at point of common coupling(PCC) ; 4) current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. The fuzzy logic can be used in many applications especially, when the process/models are complex to analyse by using classical methods. Mainly fuzzy logic controller is used to control DC capacitor voltage. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the performance of the controller. The output shows the controller has fast dynamic response high accuracy of tracking DC voltage reference and robust to load parameters variations.
Mitigation of the Harmonics under Reactive Power Compensation by SHPF-TCR Usi...IJERA Editor
In this paper, a combined system of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter
(SHPF)has been designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK approach for harmonic and reactive power compensation.
The quality of the power is effected by many factors like harmonic contamination, due to the increment of nonlinear
loads, sag and swell due to the switching of the loads etc. Also control schemes based on PI and Fuzzy
logic controllers have been proposed to mitigate the harmonics and neutral current . The proposed methodology
not only reduces the complexity but also offers simplicity to implement and increases reliability of the system.
These control strategies also help in achieving a low cost highly effective control. The performance is also
observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics, flicker and spikes with Non-Linear and
Reactive Loads with different control strategies.
https://jst.org.in/index.html
Our journal has envision the collaborative future we're creating—one where engineering, management, science, and mathematics harmonize to shape a world defined by innovation and progress. Numbers tell stories, and in the world of research and development, mathematics is the universal language.
Two identical wound rotor induction machines are connected in a cascaded configuration to transfer power between two asynchronous grids. The stators of each machine are connected to different frequency grids, while the rotors are coupled mechanically and electrically. This allows the rotor fields to rotate at the same frequency, enabling power transfer. Mathematical equations are presented to model the steady-state power flow between the machines based on their electrical characteristics. Simulation results are shown for two identical machines demonstrating this approach can interconnect grids without restrictions on frequency differences.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Harmonic Voltage Distortions in Power Systems Due to Non Linear LoadsIJAPEJOURNAL
This document summarizes research on harmonic voltage distortions in power systems due to non-linear loads. It describes how non-linear loads can generate harmonics and discusses their effects. It also examines harmonic reduction methods like passive filters. The research uses MiPower software to model a sample IEEE 5-bus power system and analyze harmonic distortions with and without filters. Installation of single and dual passive filters at different buses is shown to significantly reduce total harmonic distortion throughout the system. The document concludes that accurate harmonic analysis of power systems can be achieved using such simulation tools.
IRJET- A Review on Distribution System with Harmonic ReductionIRJET Journal
This document reviews techniques for reducing harmonics in power distribution systems. It begins with an abstract summarizing that power quality is important and harmonics must be considered and regulated throughout power systems. It then reviews literature on various harmonic reduction methods, including using passive filters, active power filters, and hybrid active-passive filters. The focus is on distribution-level generation to address changes from distributed energy resources. Key standards governing harmonic limits are also discussed. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes that harmonic distortion is an important power quality issue and several techniques exist to reduce it.
A CONTROL APPROACH FOR GRID INTERFACING INVERTER IN 3 PHASE 4 WIRE DISTRIBUT...IJMER
With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic
Converters/Inverters. Nowadays, 3-phase 4-wire distribution power system has been widely used in
residential and office buildings, manufacturing facilities, schools etc This paper presents a novel
control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from the grid-interfacing inverters when installed in
3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject
power to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink
simulation studies
Third harmonic current minimization using third harmonic blocking transformernooriasukmaningtyas
Zero sequence blocking transformers (ZSBTs) are used to suppress third harmonic currents in 3-phase systems. Three-phase systems where singlephase loading is present, there is every chance that the load is not balanced. If there is zero-sequence current due to unequal load current, then the ZSBT will impose high impedance and the supply voltage at the load end will be varied which is not desired. This paper presents Third harmonic blocking transformer (THBT) which suppresses only higher harmonic zero sequences. The constructional features using all windings in single-core and construction using three single-phase transformers explained. The paper discusses the constructional features, full details of circuit usage, design considerations, and simulation results for different supply and load conditions. A comparison of THBT with ZSBT is made with simulation results by considering four different cases
Simulation of Shunt Active Power Filter Based on p q Theoryijtsrd
This paper introduces design and simulation of a low cost shunt active power filter, which allows dynamic power factor correction and harmonic compensation for a nonlinear load. One of the most important features of the shunt active filter system proposed is its versatility over a variety of different conditions. The active filter controller is based on the Instantaneous power theory p q theory , which monitors the load current and injects equal amplitude and opposite phase compensation currents to neutralise load current harmonics. The application of the positive sequence voltage detector from within the active filter controller is the key component of the system. The positive sequence voltage detector gives incredible versatility to the application of the active filter, because it can be installed and compensate for load current harmonics even when the input voltage is highly distorted and unbalanced. The controller algorithm is carried out using MATLAB Simulink. Dr. G. Madasamy "Simulation of Shunt Active Power Filter Based on p-q Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52791.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/52791/simulation-of-shunt-active-power-filter-based-on-pq-theory/dr-g-madasamy
IRJET- Enhancement of Power Flow Capability in Power System using UPFC- A RevieWIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to enhance power flow capability in power systems. The UPFC is a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device that can control both real and reactive power flows on a transmission line. It consists of two voltage source converters connected by a DC link: a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The STATCOM controls reactive power and the DC link voltage, while the SSSC injects a controlled AC voltage in series with the transmission line to vary the transmission line impedance and power flow. Simulation results show that a UPFC installed on the IEEE 5 bus test system can control power flows and
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
1. The document discusses issues related to bulk power transmission and the need for Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers to enhance system controllability and power transfer capacity. It covers topics such as analysis of uncompensated transmission lines, passive reactive power compensation, and voltage control using static var compensators.
2. It provides an overview of various FACTS controllers and their benefits in improving power flow control capability, transient stability, and steady-state voltage stability of power systems. Specific controllers discussed include thyristor controlled series capacitors, static var compensators, and phase shifting transformers.
3. The document presents models and equations for analyzing power flow in AC transmission lines and explains how FACTS controllers can
The document is a report on high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems submitted for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses the history and development of HVDC transmission, the basic principles of AC/DC conversion using converter stations, harmonic filtering, HVDC control methods, different types of HVDC links, economic considerations, applications of HVDC systems, and advantages of HVDC over AC transmission for long distance bulk power transmission.
Single core configurations of saturated core fault current limiter performanc...IJECEIAES
Economic growth with industrialization and urbanization lead to an extensive increase in power demand. It forced the utilities to add power generating facilities to cause the necessary demand-generation balance. The bulk power generating stations, mostly interconnected, with the penetration of distributed generation result in an enormous rise in the fault level of power networks. It necessitates for electrical utilities to control the fault current so that the existing switchgear can continue its services without upgradation or replacement for reliable supply. The deployment of fault current limiter (FCL) at the distribution and transmission networks has been under investigation as a potential solution to the problem. A saturated core fault current limiter (SCFCL) technology is a smart, scalable, efficient, reliable, and commercially viable option to manage fault levels in existing and future MV/HV supply systems. This paper presents the comparative performance analysis of two single-core SCFCL topologies impressed with different core saturations. It has demonstrated that the single AC winding configuration needs more bias power for affecting the same current limiting performance with an acceptable steady-state voltage drop contribution. The fault state impedance has a transient nature, and the optimum bias selection is a critical design parameter in realizing the SCFCL applications.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
report of Improvement of the Electric Power Quality Using Series Active and S...Vikram Rawani
The increase of nonlinear loads due to the proliferation of electronic equipment causes power quality in the power system to deteriorate. Harmonic current drawn from a supply by the nonlinear load results in the distortion of the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) due to the source impedance. Both distorted current and voltage may cause end-user equipment to malfunction, conductors to overheat and may reduce the efficiency and life expectancy of the equipment connected at the PCC.
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a fuzzy logic controller-based maximum power point tracking system for an integrated generator-rectifier system used in offshore wind turbines. The system combines a permanent magnet synchronous generator with active and passive rectifiers. A fuzzy logic controller analyzes the d-axis current of the active rectifier to achieve maximum power point tracking and improve the efficiency of the wind energy conversion system. The proposed method is assessed using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. It is suggested that the integrated system using a fuzzy logic controller can help reduce the levelized cost of energy for offshore wind power applications.
This document provides a review of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), a type of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. It discusses the basic components and operating principles of the UPFC, which combines the functions of a STATCOM and SSSC to control active and reactive power flow. The UPFC consists of two voltage source converters connected back-to-back via a DC link. One converter injects a voltage in series with the transmission line to control power flow while the other exchanges reactive power with the line to regulate the DC link voltage. Control schemes for both converters are described. The document also presents Simulink models of the UPFC and concludes it is effective for improving power system stability
This document discusses various power system technologies and concepts, including:
- HVDC transmission as a solution for asynchronous power grids or when exchanging power between different frequency networks.
- Bottlenecks in transmission systems that occur when power transfer limits are reached due to thermal, voltage, or stability constraints.
- Other power quality issues like flicker, harmonics, interruptions, and their impacts on power systems.
- Special considerations for long transmission lines and cables like reactive power compensation and intermediate substations.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
INSTANTANEOUS POWER AND CURRENT STRATEGIES FOR CURRENT HARMONICS CANCELLATION...ijiert bestjournal
In our day-to-day life, every load creates harmonics. The prevalent difficulties with harmonics are voltage
and current waveform distortions. In addition, electronic equipment like computers, battery chargers,
electronic ballasts, variable frequency drives and switched mode power supply generate large amount of
harmonics. Issues related to harmonics are of a greater concern because they can overheat the building
wiring, cause nuisance tripping, overheat transformer units, and cause random end-user equipment failures.
Thus power quality is becoming more and more serious with each passing day. As a result, active power
filters (APFs) have gained a lot of attention due to their excellent harmonic compensation.
The main objective of this paper is to analyse shunt active filters with fuzzy logic and PI controllers.
To carry out this analysis active and reactive power(P-Q) and instantaneous active and reactive current (IdIq)control
strategies are considered. Extensive simulations will be carried out with PI and fuzzy controller
for both active and reactive power (P-Q) and instantaneous active and reactive current(Id-Iq)control
strategies under different voltage conditions such as balanced, unbalanced and non-sinusoidal conditions.
Using instantaneous active and reactive current (Id-Iq) control method with fuzzy logic controllers gives an
outstanding performance under any voltage conditions.
An Overview of Harmonic Sources in Power SystemIOSR Journals
This document discusses the various sources of harmonics in power systems. It defines harmonics as multiples of the fundamental power system frequency that distort voltages and currents. The main sources described include transformers, rotating machines, power converters such as large and medium power converters and variable frequency drives, fluorescent lamps, and arcing devices like electric arc furnaces. Power converters are identified as the most widespread source due to their use of electronic switching to rectify and vary AC power frequencies and voltages. The impacts of increasing non-linear loads on power quality are also noted.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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Two identical wound rotor induction machines are connected in a cascaded configuration to transfer power between two asynchronous grids. The stators of each machine are connected to different frequency grids, while the rotors are coupled mechanically and electrically. This allows the rotor fields to rotate at the same frequency, enabling power transfer. Mathematical equations are presented to model the steady-state power flow between the machines based on their electrical characteristics. Simulation results are shown for two identical machines demonstrating this approach can interconnect grids without restrictions on frequency differences.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Harmonic Voltage Distortions in Power Systems Due to Non Linear LoadsIJAPEJOURNAL
This document summarizes research on harmonic voltage distortions in power systems due to non-linear loads. It describes how non-linear loads can generate harmonics and discusses their effects. It also examines harmonic reduction methods like passive filters. The research uses MiPower software to model a sample IEEE 5-bus power system and analyze harmonic distortions with and without filters. Installation of single and dual passive filters at different buses is shown to significantly reduce total harmonic distortion throughout the system. The document concludes that accurate harmonic analysis of power systems can be achieved using such simulation tools.
IRJET- A Review on Distribution System with Harmonic ReductionIRJET Journal
This document reviews techniques for reducing harmonics in power distribution systems. It begins with an abstract summarizing that power quality is important and harmonics must be considered and regulated throughout power systems. It then reviews literature on various harmonic reduction methods, including using passive filters, active power filters, and hybrid active-passive filters. The focus is on distribution-level generation to address changes from distributed energy resources. Key standards governing harmonic limits are also discussed. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes that harmonic distortion is an important power quality issue and several techniques exist to reduce it.
A CONTROL APPROACH FOR GRID INTERFACING INVERTER IN 3 PHASE 4 WIRE DISTRIBUT...IJMER
With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic
Converters/Inverters. Nowadays, 3-phase 4-wire distribution power system has been widely used in
residential and office buildings, manufacturing facilities, schools etc This paper presents a novel
control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from the grid-interfacing inverters when installed in
3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject
power to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink
simulation studies
Third harmonic current minimization using third harmonic blocking transformernooriasukmaningtyas
Zero sequence blocking transformers (ZSBTs) are used to suppress third harmonic currents in 3-phase systems. Three-phase systems where singlephase loading is present, there is every chance that the load is not balanced. If there is zero-sequence current due to unequal load current, then the ZSBT will impose high impedance and the supply voltage at the load end will be varied which is not desired. This paper presents Third harmonic blocking transformer (THBT) which suppresses only higher harmonic zero sequences. The constructional features using all windings in single-core and construction using three single-phase transformers explained. The paper discusses the constructional features, full details of circuit usage, design considerations, and simulation results for different supply and load conditions. A comparison of THBT with ZSBT is made with simulation results by considering four different cases
Simulation of Shunt Active Power Filter Based on p q Theoryijtsrd
This paper introduces design and simulation of a low cost shunt active power filter, which allows dynamic power factor correction and harmonic compensation for a nonlinear load. One of the most important features of the shunt active filter system proposed is its versatility over a variety of different conditions. The active filter controller is based on the Instantaneous power theory p q theory , which monitors the load current and injects equal amplitude and opposite phase compensation currents to neutralise load current harmonics. The application of the positive sequence voltage detector from within the active filter controller is the key component of the system. The positive sequence voltage detector gives incredible versatility to the application of the active filter, because it can be installed and compensate for load current harmonics even when the input voltage is highly distorted and unbalanced. The controller algorithm is carried out using MATLAB Simulink. Dr. G. Madasamy "Simulation of Shunt Active Power Filter Based on p-q Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52791.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/52791/simulation-of-shunt-active-power-filter-based-on-pq-theory/dr-g-madasamy
IRJET- Enhancement of Power Flow Capability in Power System using UPFC- A RevieWIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to enhance power flow capability in power systems. The UPFC is a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device that can control both real and reactive power flows on a transmission line. It consists of two voltage source converters connected by a DC link: a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The STATCOM controls reactive power and the DC link voltage, while the SSSC injects a controlled AC voltage in series with the transmission line to vary the transmission line impedance and power flow. Simulation results show that a UPFC installed on the IEEE 5 bus test system can control power flows and
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
1. The document discusses issues related to bulk power transmission and the need for Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers to enhance system controllability and power transfer capacity. It covers topics such as analysis of uncompensated transmission lines, passive reactive power compensation, and voltage control using static var compensators.
2. It provides an overview of various FACTS controllers and their benefits in improving power flow control capability, transient stability, and steady-state voltage stability of power systems. Specific controllers discussed include thyristor controlled series capacitors, static var compensators, and phase shifting transformers.
3. The document presents models and equations for analyzing power flow in AC transmission lines and explains how FACTS controllers can
The document is a report on high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems submitted for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses the history and development of HVDC transmission, the basic principles of AC/DC conversion using converter stations, harmonic filtering, HVDC control methods, different types of HVDC links, economic considerations, applications of HVDC systems, and advantages of HVDC over AC transmission for long distance bulk power transmission.
Single core configurations of saturated core fault current limiter performanc...IJECEIAES
Economic growth with industrialization and urbanization lead to an extensive increase in power demand. It forced the utilities to add power generating facilities to cause the necessary demand-generation balance. The bulk power generating stations, mostly interconnected, with the penetration of distributed generation result in an enormous rise in the fault level of power networks. It necessitates for electrical utilities to control the fault current so that the existing switchgear can continue its services without upgradation or replacement for reliable supply. The deployment of fault current limiter (FCL) at the distribution and transmission networks has been under investigation as a potential solution to the problem. A saturated core fault current limiter (SCFCL) technology is a smart, scalable, efficient, reliable, and commercially viable option to manage fault levels in existing and future MV/HV supply systems. This paper presents the comparative performance analysis of two single-core SCFCL topologies impressed with different core saturations. It has demonstrated that the single AC winding configuration needs more bias power for affecting the same current limiting performance with an acceptable steady-state voltage drop contribution. The fault state impedance has a transient nature, and the optimum bias selection is a critical design parameter in realizing the SCFCL applications.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
report of Improvement of the Electric Power Quality Using Series Active and S...Vikram Rawani
The increase of nonlinear loads due to the proliferation of electronic equipment causes power quality in the power system to deteriorate. Harmonic current drawn from a supply by the nonlinear load results in the distortion of the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) due to the source impedance. Both distorted current and voltage may cause end-user equipment to malfunction, conductors to overheat and may reduce the efficiency and life expectancy of the equipment connected at the PCC.
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a fuzzy logic controller-based maximum power point tracking system for an integrated generator-rectifier system used in offshore wind turbines. The system combines a permanent magnet synchronous generator with active and passive rectifiers. A fuzzy logic controller analyzes the d-axis current of the active rectifier to achieve maximum power point tracking and improve the efficiency of the wind energy conversion system. The proposed method is assessed using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. It is suggested that the integrated system using a fuzzy logic controller can help reduce the levelized cost of energy for offshore wind power applications.
This document provides a review of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), a type of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. It discusses the basic components and operating principles of the UPFC, which combines the functions of a STATCOM and SSSC to control active and reactive power flow. The UPFC consists of two voltage source converters connected back-to-back via a DC link. One converter injects a voltage in series with the transmission line to control power flow while the other exchanges reactive power with the line to regulate the DC link voltage. Control schemes for both converters are described. The document also presents Simulink models of the UPFC and concludes it is effective for improving power system stability
This document discusses various power system technologies and concepts, including:
- HVDC transmission as a solution for asynchronous power grids or when exchanging power between different frequency networks.
- Bottlenecks in transmission systems that occur when power transfer limits are reached due to thermal, voltage, or stability constraints.
- Other power quality issues like flicker, harmonics, interruptions, and their impacts on power systems.
- Special considerations for long transmission lines and cables like reactive power compensation and intermediate substations.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
INSTANTANEOUS POWER AND CURRENT STRATEGIES FOR CURRENT HARMONICS CANCELLATION...ijiert bestjournal
In our day-to-day life, every load creates harmonics. The prevalent difficulties with harmonics are voltage
and current waveform distortions. In addition, electronic equipment like computers, battery chargers,
electronic ballasts, variable frequency drives and switched mode power supply generate large amount of
harmonics. Issues related to harmonics are of a greater concern because they can overheat the building
wiring, cause nuisance tripping, overheat transformer units, and cause random end-user equipment failures.
Thus power quality is becoming more and more serious with each passing day. As a result, active power
filters (APFs) have gained a lot of attention due to their excellent harmonic compensation.
The main objective of this paper is to analyse shunt active filters with fuzzy logic and PI controllers.
To carry out this analysis active and reactive power(P-Q) and instantaneous active and reactive current (IdIq)control
strategies are considered. Extensive simulations will be carried out with PI and fuzzy controller
for both active and reactive power (P-Q) and instantaneous active and reactive current(Id-Iq)control
strategies under different voltage conditions such as balanced, unbalanced and non-sinusoidal conditions.
Using instantaneous active and reactive current (Id-Iq) control method with fuzzy logic controllers gives an
outstanding performance under any voltage conditions.
An Overview of Harmonic Sources in Power SystemIOSR Journals
This document discusses the various sources of harmonics in power systems. It defines harmonics as multiples of the fundamental power system frequency that distort voltages and currents. The main sources described include transformers, rotating machines, power converters such as large and medium power converters and variable frequency drives, fluorescent lamps, and arcing devices like electric arc furnaces. Power converters are identified as the most widespread source due to their use of electronic switching to rectify and vary AC power frequencies and voltages. The impacts of increasing non-linear loads on power quality are also noted.
Similar to Optimization of the structure of filter-compensating devices in networks with powerful non-linear power consumers based on fuzzy logic (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
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Optimization of the structure of filter-compensating devices in networks with powerful non-linear power consumers based on fuzzy logic
1. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 12, No. 6, December 2022, pp. 5730~5737
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp5730-5737 5730
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com
Optimization of the structure of filter-compensating devices in
networks with powerful non-linear power consumers based on
fuzzy logic
Evgeniy Vitalievich Zhilin, Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Prasol, Nikita Yurievich Savvin
Department of Electric Power and Automation, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Sep 25, 2021
Revised Aug 1, 2022
Accepted Aug 15, 2022
The article presents a solution to the problem of optimizing the structure of
filter-compensating devices (FCD) when installed in high-voltage mine
networks with powerful nonlinear electrical receivers. The urgency of the
problem of choosing a rational structure of the FCD. The problem of
choosing the design and installation location of the FCD is presented. The
main technical means of compensation of higher harmonics of currents and
voltages in high-voltage networks with powerful nonlinear electrical
receivers are considered. Analysis of different types of passive filters (PF)
and their frequency properties showed that the choice of specific types of PF
refers to the multi-criteria optimization problem. The main methods of
optimization of FCD design are considered. The variant of FCD construction
based on the solution of multi-criteria optimization problem with the use of
fuzzy sets is proposed and justified. To this end, the calculation of PF
parameters and frequency characteristics of equivalent systems of the "filter-
external network" type for four possible combinations of PF is performed.
The optimal is a FCD with two resonant PF tuned to the 11th
and 13th
harmonics, and a second-order broadband PF tuned to compensate
harmonics starting from the 23rd
and above. The analysis of simulation
results showed effective compensation of higher harmonic currents and
voltages.
Keywords:
Fuzzy logic methods
Higher harmonic components
of currents and voltages
High-voltage mine network
Passive harmonic filters
Powerful non-linear electrical
receivers
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Prasol
Department of Electric Power Engineering and Automation, Belgorod State Technological University
named after V.G. Shukhov
46 Kostyukova Str., Belgorod, 308012, Russia
Email: dapras@mail.ru
1. INTRODUCTION
At modern operating industrial enterprises for the extraction of iron ore by the underground method,
powerful lifting units (PLI) are used for lifting the mined rock to the surface, lowering and lifting personnel,
mining equipment and materials along vertical shafts. As a rule, such enterprises use skip and cage PLI with
powerful regulated direct current (DC) electric drives, made according to the system thyristor converter-
motor of independent excitation (TC-M). Therefore, the main feature of high-voltage mining networks is the
presence of powerful and power consuming non-linear electrical receivers.
The use of powerful converting equipment, such as thyristor converters or controlled rectifiers, leads
to the generation of higher harmonic (HH) components of currents and voltages into the high-voltage supply
network. A number of works describe the negative influence of the HH components of currents and voltages
on the elements of general-purpose power supply systems, [1]–[5] in general and of mines with a powerful
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Optimization of the structure of filter-compensating devices in networks … (Evgeniy Vitalievich Zhilin)
5731
nonlinear load in particular [6]–[10]. The main negative consequences of the action of higher harmonics
include: i) the deterioration of indicators of the quality of electrical energy [1]–[5], [7], [9]; ii) additional
losses of active power and electricity in the elements of power supply systems, such as supply lines, reactors,
power and matching transformers [3], [5], [6]; iii) the influence of non-sinusoidal voltage on industrial
electrical equipment is expressed in a reduction in its service life due to accelerated aging of insulation [5],
[10]; iv) high probability of disruption of the normal performance of electrical equipment and its failure with
low quality of electricity [5], [7], [8], [10]; v) impact on the operating modes of the entire system, as well as
on consumers of electrical energy in particular [1], [2], [4], [5].
2. RESEARCH METHOD
At the same time, the results of experimental studies, simulation modeling and analytical
calculations confirm that in high-voltage mine networks with powerful thyristor DC drives, the most
pronounced are the canonical 11th
, 13th
, 23rd
, 25th
, 35th
and 37th
harmonics of currents and voltages [6],
[11]–[14]. The magnitude of non-canonical harmonics and interharmonics is much lower than the level of
canonical harmonics, starting from the 11th
. In 6-10 kV networks with isolated neutral, there are no physical
prerequisites for generating the 3rd
harmonic into the network due to the high requirements for phase
symmetry. The low level of the 5th
and 7th
harmonics is ensured by their compensation in the valve windings
of the matching transformers. The significant negative influence of higher harmonics caused by the operation
of powerful nonlinear electrical receivers, especially in high-voltage mining networks, makes the problem of
their compensation especially urgent.
To compensate for HH currents and voltages in high-voltage mine networks with powerful non-
linear loads, various types of technical means can be used such as passive filters (PF), active filters (AF), and
hybrid filters [12]–[22]. One of the most widespread, convenient and practically applicable technical means
of compensation of HH components of currents and voltages in high-voltage mining networks are passive
filters, which, despite the appearance of active filters, remain in demand [15]–[19]. It is one of the most
affordable, cheap and effective means of compensating for higher harmonics and improving the quality of
electricity.
Passive filters have low cost, economy, rather simple design, do not require regular maintenance,
simultaneously perform functions of attenuation of higher harmonics and compensation of reactive power,
and differ in a variety of configurations and implemented frequency characteristics. They are static devices,
but can be installed as part of an automated control system as separate stages, tuned to the corresponding
harmonics under dynamically changing load. In this case, the efficiency of the PF application will be much
higher with an approximately constant harmonic composition of currents and voltages, as well as with a
"rigid" structure of the supply network. The disadvantage of using the PF is the possibility of resonance in
the parallel oscillatory circuit formed by the filter and the inductance and capacity of the supply network, at
frequencies close to the frequencies of higher harmonics. It must be taken into account when choosing
specific PF structures by analyzing the frequency characteristics of the filter-external network systems.
Based on the foregoing, to compensate for HH currents and voltages, to ensure electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) in high-voltage mine networks with powerful non-linear consumers, it is advisable to
use three-phase three-wire passive filters of various orders, mainly with parallel connection, tuned to one or
more frequencies of higher harmonics. Also, the use of passive harmonic filters is based on the analysis of
technical and economic indicators of the efficiency of compensation of HH currents and voltages in high-
voltage mine networks in the presence of powerful nonlinear consumers [12]–[14].
Passive filters as part of filter compensating devices (FCD) are usually installed directly near non-
linear loads to compensate for the HH components of currents and voltages. But at most of the operating
facilities there is no technical possibility of installing a FCD directly in front of a non-linear load, for
example, in front of thyristor converters. In this regard, FCDs are installed in a high-voltage network-in
switchgears 6-10 kV on the HV side of the matching transformer in Figure 1.
In power supply systems to compensate for HH currents and voltages, the following types of PFs are
used: first, second, third order and C-type filters [15]–[19], [23]. The suppression of several harmonics can be
provided by structures formed by the parallel connection of several sections. Each section is an oscillatory
circuit tuned to the frequency of one of the harmonics. Installing such filters near a non-linear load also
provides a ground fault for higher harmonic currents through the corresponding oscillating circuit.
The composite filter contains a resonant branch that suppresses the lowest order harmonics. It will
eliminate the possibility of amplifying this harmonic due to parallel resonance. Almost all of the considered
types of passive filters are used to compensate for HH in power supply systems, but the choice of specific
types of filters as part of the FCD, their parameters are determined by the nature of the nonlinear load, the
power supply system, frequency properties and other parameters.
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 6, December 2022: 5730-5737
5732
Analysis of various types of PFs, their combinations in the composition of the FCD, the frequency
characteristics of the filter-external network systems showed that to compensate for the most pronounced
harmonics at frequencies up to the 20th
order, it is rational to use resonant PFs, PFs of double tuning and
C-type filters. To compensate for harmonics, starting from the 20th
, it is more efficient to use wideband filters
of the second and third orders. Combined filters FCD, containing resonant and wideband PFs, provide deep
compensation for harmonics at low and medium frequencies (up to the 20th
) and a significant reduction in the
level of harmonics at high frequencies (starting from the 20th
).
Thus, the choice of specific types of PFs to create the most optimal structure of the FCD requires
solving a multicriteria optimization problem, which means choosing the best option simultaneously
according to many criteria. At the same time, solving optimization problems using classical objective
functions and minimizing them due to 2–3 parameters may not give the best solution, turn out to be too
difficult to solve, not cover all criteria and constraints, or may not have solutions at all. Therefore, in recent
years, the theory of fuzzy sets has been widely used to optimize the modes of electric power systems
[24]–[26]. From a mathematical point of view, solving a multicriteria optimization problem allows you to
choose the best option with criteria of equal and different importance.
Figure 1. Scheme of FCD installation in a high-voltage mine power supply system
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
On the basis of the analysis carried out to compensate for HH currents and voltages in a mine high-
voltage network with powerful nonlinear electrical receivers, several equivalent combinations of PFs can be
proposed as FCD:
− Resonant PF, tuned to the 11th
and 13th
harmonics, and a second-order PTI, tuned to compensate for the
HH, starting from the 23rd
–F1;
− PF of double tuning to the 11th
and 13th
harmonics and the second order PTI, tuned to compensate for the
HH, starting from the 23rd
–F2;
− PF of C-type, tuned to the 11th
and 13th
harmonics, and the second order PTI, tuned to compensate for
VH, starting from the 23rd
–F3;
− Resonant PF, tuned to 11th
, 13th
, 23rd
, 25th
, 35th
and 37th
harmonics–F4.
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Optimization of the structure of filter-compensating devices in networks … (Evgeniy Vitalievich Zhilin)
5733
The existing methods of compensation of HH currents and voltages, the choice of the size and
location of FCD in power supply systems are based on minimizing active power losses and reduced costs
[12], [27], [28]. The proposed solutions have a number of disadvantages such as failure to take into account
the properties of the frequency characteristics of the "filter-external network"; power losses in the FCD. The
calculations have the deterministic values of the parameters of power supply systems and empirical formulas
to take into account the change in the network resistance depending on the HH numbers. The use of methods
based on fuzzy sets allows making decisions by formalizing the human ability to reason.
From a mathematical point of view, with the same importance of criteria, the problem of choosing
the optimal option can be presented in the following form. For example there is a set of k alternatives A={a1,
a2,…, ak}. Then, for the criterion (requirement) T, a fuzzy set can be considered:
Т = {= {µТ
(𝑎1)/𝑎1, µТ
(𝑎2)/𝑎2, … , µТ
(𝑎𝑘)/𝑎𝑘}, (1)
where: μT (ai) [0, 1] is the assessment of the alternative ai according to the criterion (requirement) T, which
characterizes the degree of compliance of the alternative with the concept determined by the criterion
(requirement) T.
If there are n criteria (requirements): T1, T2, ..., Tn, then the best alternative is considered to satisfy
both the criterion (requirement) T1, and T2, and …, and Tn. Then the rule for choosing the best alternative can
be written as the intersection of the corresponding fuzzy sets:
𝐷 = Т1 ∩ Т2 ∩ . .. ∩ Т𝑛. (2)
The operation of intersection of fuzzy sets corresponds to the operation of minimization performed on their
membership functions. The alternative a* with the largest value of the membership function is chosen as the
best.
In our case, it is required to select the FCD so that they meet the following requirements: T1 - capital
costs, taking into account the installation and mounting of the FCD and operating costs; T2 - properties of
frequency characteristics "filter-external network" from the point of view of compensation of canonical
harmonics and amplification of interharmonics and subharmonics; T3 - power losses in the FCD elements;
and T4 - the ability to compensate for reactive power at the fundamental harmonic.
The assessments of alternatives according to the presented criteria are presented as values of expert
assessments in Table 1. Expert assessments were obtained based on the analysis of publications and the
experience of leading scientists, taking into account experimental data, analytical calculations and the results
of simulation. The quantitative values of the parameters are given on the basis of statistical processing of the
graphs of loads by currents of the fundamental frequency and currents of the HH.
Table 1. Evaluation of alternatives in accordance with the presented criteria
Alternative Assessments of alternatives (expert assessments)
µ1 µ2 µ3 µ4
Criterion (requirement) Т1
Ф1 0,6 0.8 0.9 0.95
Ф2 0.5 0.6 0.65 0.7
Ф3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8
Ф4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Iи, А 0–5 5–10 10–20 20–50
Criterion (requirement) Т2
Ф1 1 0.9 0.85 0.7
Ф2 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65
Ф3 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.7
Ф4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
Iи, А 0–5 5–10 10–20 20–50
Criterion (requirement) Т3
Ф1 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.7
Ф2 0.9 0.8 0.75 0.6
Ф3 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9
Ф4 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.6
Iи, А 0–5 5–10 10–20 20–50
Criterion (requirement) Т4
Ф1 0.85 0.8 0.7 0.6
Ф2 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
Ф3 0.8 0.85 0.9 1
Ф4 0.85 0.7 0.6 0.5
Iи, А 0–5 5–10 10–20 20–50
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 6, December 2022: 5730-5737
5734
The Table 1 shows the assessment of alternatives with the same importance of criteria
(requirements) in Figure 2(a), from which the degree of influence of each criterion on the choice of the
optimal FCD version is clearly visible. As a result, the following data were obtained characterizing the
degree of belonging of the DIA to the specified requirements:
𝑇1 = {0.9/𝐹1; 0.65/𝐹2; 0.6/𝐹3; 0.8/𝐹4};
𝑇2 = {0.85/𝐹1; 0.7/𝐹2; 0.75/𝐹3; 0.7/𝐹4};
𝑇3 = {0.8/𝐹1; 0.75/𝐹2; 0.85/𝐹3; 0.7/𝐹4};
𝑇4 = {0.7/𝐹1; 0.8/𝐹2; 0.9/𝐹3; 0.6/𝐹4}. , (3)
There are several rules for choosing solutions. In accordance with one of them, the corresponding minimum
values are first found, from which the maximum is then selected, it indicates the result:
𝐷 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 {
𝑚𝑖𝑛(0.9; 0.85; 0.8; 0.7/𝐹1) ; 𝑚𝑖𝑛(0.65; 0.7; 0.75; 0.8/𝐹2) ;
𝑚𝑖𝑛(0.6; 0.75; 0.75; 0.8/𝐹3) ; 𝑚𝑖𝑛(0.8; 0.7; 0.7; 0.6/𝐹4) ;
} =
= 𝑚𝑎𝑥{0.7/𝐹1; 0.65/𝐹2; 0.6/𝐹3; 0.6/𝐹4}. (4)
Thus, the most optimal option for using a PF as a FCD is the first alternative option F1 - resonant PFs tuned
to the 11th
and 13th
harmonics, and a second-order PTI tuned to compensate for the HH, starting from the
23rd
: F1={0.9; 0.85; 0.8; 0.7}.
In practice, Ti requirements can be of varying importance. It depends on the configuration of power
supply systems, the nature of the loads, the ratio of the short failure power from the side of the system and
the converter. The requirements Тi have different importance, then each of them is assigned a degree of
importance 𝛼𝑖 ≥ 0 (the more important the criterion, the more 𝛼𝑖), and the selection rule takes the form:
𝐷 = Т1
𝛼1
∩ Т2
𝛼2
∩ . . .∩ Т𝑛
𝛼𝑛
, (5)
where: 𝛼𝑖 > 0; 𝑖 = 1 … 𝑛;
The coefficients of relative importance are determined based on the procedure of paired comparison
of criteria. First, a matrix of paired comparisons M is formed, the elements of which are found from a scale
of relative importance and satisfy the following conditions: mii=1; mij=1/mij:
𝑀 = (𝑚𝑖𝑗) = (
𝑚11 𝑚12 ⋯ 𝑚1𝑛
𝑚21 𝑚22 ⋯ 𝑚2𝑛
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯
𝑚𝑛1 𝑚𝑛2 ⋯ 𝑚𝑛𝑛
) (6)
For the purposes of expert assessment, a 9-point scale was adopted in accordance with the Saaty hierarchy
analysis method. The scale of relative importance also contains all inverse numbers 1/9, 1/7, 1/5, 1/3, as well
as intermediate values 1/8, 1/6, 1/4, 1/2. Then the parameter w is determined - the eigenvector of the matrix
M, corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue Zmax.
The target values of the coefficients αi are obtained by multiplying the elements w by n to satisfy the
condition:
𝛼𝑖 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑤𝑖. (7)
In accordance with the scale of relative importance, a matrix of paired comparisons of the above
requirements for FCD was formed:
𝑀 = (𝑚𝑖𝑗) = (
1 1 3 2
1 1 5 3
0.33 0.2 1 1
0.5 0.33 1 1
)
Equal importance of T1 and T2 requirements (capital costs and frequency response properties "filter-external
network") is accepted; moderate superiority of the T1 requirement over the T3 and T4 requirements (the
superiority of capital costs over power losses in the FCD elements and the ability to compensate for reactive
power at the fundamental harmonic); more significant superiority of the requirement T2 over the requirements
of T3 and T4 (significant superiority of the property of frequency characteristics over the power losses in the
6. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Optimization of the structure of filter-compensating devices in networks … (Evgeniy Vitalievich Zhilin)
5735
FCD elements and the ability to compensate for reactive power at the fundamental harmonic); as well as the
equal importance of the requirements T3 and T4 (power losses in the elements of the FCD and the ability to
compensate for reactive power at the fundamental harmonic)
Eigenvector of pairwise comparison matrix and the coefficients of the relative importance of the
requirements:
𝑤 = (
0.591
0.745
0.192
0.241
)
𝛼1 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑤1 = 4 ⋅ 0.591 = 2.364;
𝛼2 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑤2 = 4 ⋅ 0.745 = 2.98;
𝛼3 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑤3 = 4 ⋅ 0.192 = 0.768;
𝛼4 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑤4 = 4 ⋅ 0.241 = 0.964.
Modification of sets of requirements:
𝑇1
𝛼1
= 𝑇1
2.364
= {0. 92.364
/𝐹1; 0.652.364
/𝐹2; 0. 62.364
/𝐹3; 0. 82.364
/𝐹4}
= {0.78/𝐹1; 0.361/𝐹2; 0.299/𝐹3; 0.59/𝐹4};
𝑇2
𝛼2
= 𝑇2
2.98
= {0.852.98
/𝐹1; 0. 72.98
/𝐹2; 0.752.98
/𝐹3; 0. 72.98
/𝐹4}
= {0.616/𝐹1; 0.345/𝐹2; 0.424/𝐹3; 0.345/𝐹4};
𝑇3
𝛼3
= 𝑇3
0.768
= {0. 80.768
/𝐹1; 0.750.768
/𝐹2; 0.850.768
/𝐹3; 0. 70.768
/𝐹4}
= {0.843/𝐹1; 0.802/𝐹2; 0.883/𝐹3; 0.76/𝐹4};
𝑇4
𝛼4
= 𝑇4
0.964
= {0. 70.964
/𝐹1; 0. 80.964
/𝐹2; 0. 90.964
/𝐹3; 0. 60.964
/𝐹4}
= {0.709/𝐹1; 0.806/𝐹2; 0.903/𝐹3; 0.611/𝐹4}.
Figure 2(b) shows the assessment of alternatives with different importance of the requirements Тi,
from which the degree of influence of each criterion on the choice of the optimal variant of the FCD is
clearly visible. The set containing the minimum values F1, F2, F3, F4: D={0.616/F1; 0.345/F2; 0.299/F3;
0.345/F4}. The maximum membership value has the alternative F1 - FCD, consisting of resonant PFs tuned to
the 11th
and 13th
harmonics, and a second-order PTI tuned to compensate for the HH, starting from the 23rd
:
F1={0.78; 0.616; 0.843; 0.709}.
(a) (b)
Figure 2. Assessment of alternatives with the same (a) and different (b) importance of criteria (requirements)
Т1
Т2
Т3
Т4
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1
2
3
4
µc(Fi)
Alternative Fi
Т1
Т2
Т3
Т4
Т1
Т2
Т3
Т4
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1
2
3
4
µc(Fi)
Alternative Fi
Т1
Т2
Т3
Т4
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 12, No. 6, December 2022: 5730-5737
5736
4. CONCLUSION
The solutions to the problems of choosing the optimal variant of using a PF as a FCD with the same
and different importance of the criteria (requirements) showed that the most optimal version of the FCD is
the use of resonant PFs tuned to the 11th
and 13th
harmonics, and a second-order PTI tuned to compensation
HH, starting from the 23rd
. The installation of the FCD of the obtained structure allows ensuring
electromagnetic compatibility and improving the quality of electricity in the high-voltage mine network by
compensating for HH currents and voltages. At the same time, the total coefficients of harmonic components
of current and voltage decreased significantly and amounted to: KI=3.72%, KU=0.61% for the high-voltage
network of the skip PLI; KI=2.66%, KU=1.2% for the cage network. At the same time, additional total power
losses caused by the action of higher harmonics, when installing the FCD, decreased by more than 90% and
amounted to ΔP=0.51 kW.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Evgeniy Vitalievich Zhilin candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor.
Scientific activity is devoted to the development of methods to reduce losses and improve the
quality of power supply in electric power systems through the use of energy storage facilities
and renewable energy sources. According to the results of scientific research, 43 scientific works
were published, including 7 in Russian publications included in the list of leading peer-reviewed
publications, 7 in indexed in the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, 24 in indexed in the
RSCI, one monograph, two educational and educational teaching aids, three certificate of state
registration of a computer program. He can be contacted at email: zhilinevg@mail.ru.
Dmitry Alexandrovich Prasol was born on May 15, 1982 in the city of Belgorod,
Russia. In 2004, he graduated with honors from the Belgorod State Technological University
named after V.G. Shukhov, specialty Automation of technological processes and production. In
2015 he graduated from the magistracy in the direction of "Electrical power and electrical
engineering" at the BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. In 2018 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on
"Electromagnetic compatibility in high-voltage mining networks with powerful thyristor DC
drives" in the specialty "Power plants and power systems". Currently works as an associate
professor of the Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Automation at BSTU named
after V.G. Shukhov. He can be contacted at email: dapras@mail.ru.
Nikita Yuryevich Savvin was born on March 8, 1994 in the city of Belgorod,
Russia. In 2017, he graduated from the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.
G. Shukhov with a degree in Electric Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering and
received a master's degree. In 2019, he entered graduate school. Currently, he works as a senior
lecturer of the department "Electric Power Engineering and Automation" of the V. G. Shukhov
BSTU. He can be contacted at email: n-savvin@mail.ru.