Optical torsion meter
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•764 views
An optical torsion meter measures torque on a shaft by using optical means to detect the angular twist between ends of the shaft. It has a shaft with castings at each end connected by a tension strip. Mirrors on the castings reflect a light beam through an optical system onto a calibrated scale. When torque is applied, the castings twist relative to each other, changing the mirror angles and deflecting the light beam. The amount of light beam deflection indicates the shaft's angle of twist and thereby the amount of torque. Optical torsion meters are used to measure torque in steam turbines and internal combustion engines.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Screw thread measurement
This document defines screw thread terminology and describes methods for measuring screw thread features. It discusses thread elements such as major diameter, minor diameter, pitch diameter. It also explains different thread types and gauging methods used to check threads, including plug gauges, ring gauges, and micrometers. Measurement of pitch, form, and angle is described along with causes and measurement of pitch errors. Tolerances for screw threads based on ISO standards are also provided.
Hydraulic and pneumatic load cells
Hydraulic and pneumatic load cells measure force by detecting changes in liquid pressure or air pressure. A hydraulic load cell works by applying a force to liquid in a confined space, increasing the pressure in a way that is proportional to the applied force. It can measure loads up to 2.5*10^5 kgf with an accuracy of 0.1 percent. A pneumatic load cell uses a diaphragm, where the pressure needed to balance out a force on one side is proportional to the force. It can measure loads up to 2.5*10^3 kgf with an accuracy of 0.5 percent of the full scale. Both are sensitive instruments used to precisely detect forces.
Measurement of torque
This document discusses different types of torsion meters used to measure torque. It defines torque as a twisting force that tends to cause rotation, with the unit being Newton meters. Torque can be computed by measuring the force F at a known radius r, using the formula T = Fr. Common torsion meters mentioned include:
1. Mechanical torsion meters, which measure torque by varying a known mass or distance to equal the torque value to be measured.
2. Optical and electrical torsion meters, which measure shaft twist using optical sensors or strain gauges attached to the shaft to compute torque based on the twist angle.
3. Electrical torsion meters provide two measurements - shaft speed from a count
Unit IV
1. The document discusses various form measurement principles and methods including straightness, flatness, thread measurement, gear measurement, surface finish measurement, and roundness measurement.
2. Thread measurement involves measuring various thread elements like major diameter, minor diameter, pitch, and form using methods such as thread plug gauges, thread wires, and thread micrometers.
3. Gear measurement includes measuring parameters like pitch, lead, backlash, tooth thickness, and errors using equipment such as involute measuring machines, gear tooth vernier calipers, and gear testers.
4. Surface finish is measured using various instruments that analyze surface texture parameters like average roughness, peak-valley height, and form factor.
Troubleshooting and Applications
Trouble Shooting and Remedies in Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems,Design of hydraulic circuits for Drilling, Planning, Shaping, Surface grinding, Press and Forklift applications
Mechanical Comparators
The document discusses different types of comparators used to measure small variations in dimensions. Comparators magnify small differences between a workpiece and a standard to indicate how much the workpiece varies on a scale. Mechanical comparators use levers or gears to magnify movements, while optical comparators further magnify the measurement using lenses. Pneumatic comparators use pressurized air and have few moving parts, providing accurate measurements without physical contact. Common types of comparators include dial indicators, Johansson Mikrokators, reed types, and optical models like the Zeiss ultra optimeter. Each type has advantages like accuracy, range or portability that make it suitable for various inspection applications.
Comparators: mechanical
Presentation gives idea about comparators, types of comparators and explains various mechanical comparators.
Force measurement
1. Force can be measured using several principles including balancing against gravitational force, translating to fluid pressure, applying to an elastic member, or applying to a known mass and measuring acceleration.
2. Scales and balances measure force by balancing the unknown force against a known gravitational force on a standard mass. Multi-lever scales use a system of levers and counterweights to indirectly measure the applied force.
3. Elastic force meters like proving rings, beams, and springs measure the deflection or strain caused by an applied force. The deflection or strain is then related to the magnitude of the applied force.
Recommended
Screw thread measurement
This document defines screw thread terminology and describes methods for measuring screw thread features. It discusses thread elements such as major diameter, minor diameter, pitch diameter. It also explains different thread types and gauging methods used to check threads, including plug gauges, ring gauges, and micrometers. Measurement of pitch, form, and angle is described along with causes and measurement of pitch errors. Tolerances for screw threads based on ISO standards are also provided.
Hydraulic and pneumatic load cells
Hydraulic and pneumatic load cells measure force by detecting changes in liquid pressure or air pressure. A hydraulic load cell works by applying a force to liquid in a confined space, increasing the pressure in a way that is proportional to the applied force. It can measure loads up to 2.5*10^5 kgf with an accuracy of 0.1 percent. A pneumatic load cell uses a diaphragm, where the pressure needed to balance out a force on one side is proportional to the force. It can measure loads up to 2.5*10^3 kgf with an accuracy of 0.5 percent of the full scale. Both are sensitive instruments used to precisely detect forces.
Measurement of torque
This document discusses different types of torsion meters used to measure torque. It defines torque as a twisting force that tends to cause rotation, with the unit being Newton meters. Torque can be computed by measuring the force F at a known radius r, using the formula T = Fr. Common torsion meters mentioned include:
1. Mechanical torsion meters, which measure torque by varying a known mass or distance to equal the torque value to be measured.
2. Optical and electrical torsion meters, which measure shaft twist using optical sensors or strain gauges attached to the shaft to compute torque based on the twist angle.
3. Electrical torsion meters provide two measurements - shaft speed from a count
Unit IV
1. The document discusses various form measurement principles and methods including straightness, flatness, thread measurement, gear measurement, surface finish measurement, and roundness measurement.
2. Thread measurement involves measuring various thread elements like major diameter, minor diameter, pitch, and form using methods such as thread plug gauges, thread wires, and thread micrometers.
3. Gear measurement includes measuring parameters like pitch, lead, backlash, tooth thickness, and errors using equipment such as involute measuring machines, gear tooth vernier calipers, and gear testers.
4. Surface finish is measured using various instruments that analyze surface texture parameters like average roughness, peak-valley height, and form factor.
Troubleshooting and Applications
Trouble Shooting and Remedies in Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems,Design of hydraulic circuits for Drilling, Planning, Shaping, Surface grinding, Press and Forklift applications
Mechanical Comparators
The document discusses different types of comparators used to measure small variations in dimensions. Comparators magnify small differences between a workpiece and a standard to indicate how much the workpiece varies on a scale. Mechanical comparators use levers or gears to magnify movements, while optical comparators further magnify the measurement using lenses. Pneumatic comparators use pressurized air and have few moving parts, providing accurate measurements without physical contact. Common types of comparators include dial indicators, Johansson Mikrokators, reed types, and optical models like the Zeiss ultra optimeter. Each type has advantages like accuracy, range or portability that make it suitable for various inspection applications.
Comparators: mechanical
Presentation gives idea about comparators, types of comparators and explains various mechanical comparators.
Force measurement
1. Force can be measured using several principles including balancing against gravitational force, translating to fluid pressure, applying to an elastic member, or applying to a known mass and measuring acceleration.
2. Scales and balances measure force by balancing the unknown force against a known gravitational force on a standard mass. Multi-lever scales use a system of levers and counterweights to indirectly measure the applied force.
3. Elastic force meters like proving rings, beams, and springs measure the deflection or strain caused by an applied force. The deflection or strain is then related to the magnitude of the applied force.
Hydraulic actuators and control components
ME8694 Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Hydraulic actuators and Control components
kamaraj college of engineering and Technology
Virudhunagar
Height gauge
A height gauge is a measuring device used to determine the height of objects or mark repetitive heights. It has a vertical column with a sliding unit that can move up and down. An arm extends from the gauge to contact the object being measured. Height gauges can be vernier, dial, or digital/electronic. Vernier height gauges rely on user skill while digital gauges provide precise electronic measurements. Height gauges are used to mark lines, check hole depths, and mark locations on machine parts.
Comparators
The document discusses mechanical measurements and metrology. It describes various types of comparators used for measurement including mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, and optical comparators. Mechanical comparators discussed include dial indicators, Johnson Mikrokators, and Sigma comparators. Electrical comparators include LVDTs, while pneumatic comparators include back pressure and Solex gauges. Optical comparators discussed include Zeiss Ultra-optimeters.
Tool maker microscope
The tool maker's microscope is a versatile measuring instrument used to precisely measure small parts without applying pressure. It consists of a moveable head, measuring stage, projection screen, and other components. Light from the source is reflected through the objective lens onto the screen, projecting a magnified shadow image of the workpiece. Measurements of features like thread pitch and tooth angles can then be made by comparing the image to the scale on the screen. The tool maker's microscope allows for accurate linear, angular, and comparative measurements down to 1 micrometer and 1 minute, making it useful for inspection and quality control applications.
Linear measuring instrument
This document discusses linear measuring devices and comparators. It describes non-precision instruments like steel rules, calipers, dividers, and telescopic gauges that measure to visible graduations. Precision instruments like micrometers, vernier calipers, and height gauges are also covered. Vernier calipers provide accuracy of 0.1 to 0.01 mm by comparing main and vernier scales. Micrometers measure external dimensions like diameters to an accuracy of 0.01 mm using a graduated barrel that moves a spindle towards an anvil. A variety of electrical devices like strain gauges and LVDTs also transform displacements into measurable parameters.
Tool makers microscope
The document discusses various types of measuring tools used in tool making and manufacturing, including a tool maker's microscope, straight edge, surface plate, profile projector, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope. It provides details on the measuring principles, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each tool.
Measurement of force, torque and strain
This document discusses force and strain measurement techniques. It begins by defining force and describing Newton's second law of motion. Common force measurement methods include balancing against gravitational force, measuring deflection of an elastic member, translating to a fluid pressure, and measuring acceleration. Devices for force measurement include load cells, proving rings, and dynamometers. The document also discusses strain, strain gauges, and methods of measuring strain including resistance strain gauges, rosette gauges, mechanical strain gauges, and electrical strain gauges.
Hydraulic ciruits
Control of a single-acting and double-acting cylinder, regeneration, motor braking, speed control, synchronisation, fail safe, two handed, application of counterbalance, sequence, unloading, pressure reducing, pilot operated check valve
Comparators
The document provides an overview of comparators, including their basic principle, uses, characteristics, and classifications. Comparators are precision instruments used to compare the dimensions of a component to a standard. They work by initially adjusting to zero on a standard part, then taking readings on the workpiece to determine any dimensional differences. Main types include mechanical, mechanical-optical, electrical, and pneumatic comparators. Mechanical comparators have no external power needs but limited range, while mechanical-optical versions offer higher magnification but require a light source. Electrical comparators use a Wheatstone bridge circuit and galvanometer, and pneumatic comparators displace fluid to measure deviations.
Ch-3: Measurement of screw thread and gear
The document discusses measurement of screw thread elements. It begins by defining key screw thread terminology such as external thread, internal thread, pitch, lead, etc. It then describes various methods for measuring the major diameter, minor diameter, effective diameter (pitch diameter), and pitch of external screw threads. Methods discussed include using a micrometer, V-pieces, taper parallels, and wires/rods. The goal is to measure the critical geometric aspects that ensure interchangeability of threaded fasteners.
Metrology unit-v (7-10-2015)
This document provides information on various methods for measuring force, torque, power, flow and temperature. It discusses direct and indirect methods for measuring force, including using spring balances, accelerometers, hydraulic load cells, pneumatic load cells and strain gauge load cells. It also describes techniques for measuring torque using rope brakes, hydraulic dynamometers and strain gauge transducers. Flow measurement is discussed for devices like venturi meters, orifice meters and rotameters. Temperature measurement techniques include bimetallic strips, thermocouples and resistance thermometers.
UNIT II LINEAR AND ANGULAR MEASUREMENT 9
Definition of metrology-Linear measuring instruments: Vernier, micrometer, interval measurement, Slip gauges and classification, interferometery, optical flats, limit gauges- Comparators: Mechanical, pneumatic and electrical types, applications.
Angular measurements: -Sine bar, optical bevel protractor, angle Decker – Taper measurements.
Force and torque measurement
This document discusses different methods for measuring force, including scales and balances, elastic force meters, load cells, proving rings, and dynamometers. It provides details on the principles and workings of various force measurement devices:
- Scales and balances measure force by balancing an unknown force against a known gravitational force using standard masses. Unequal arm beam balances relate the length of the beam to the measured force.
- Elastic force meters measure the deflection of an elastic member like a spring when an unknown force is applied and relate it to the measured force.
- Load cells translate an applied force into a fluid pressure that is then measured, allowing highly accurate force measurement. Hydraulic and pneumatic load cells work on
Line and end standard
Line standards and end standards are two categories of instruments used to directly measure linear dimensions.
A line standard measures the distance between the centers of two engraved lines, such as a ruler. It allows for quick measurements over a wide range but lacks precision due to line thickness and susceptibility to parallax errors.
An end standard measures the distance between two parallel flat surfaces, such as slip gauges or a micrometer anvil. It provides highly accurate measurements of close tolerances but is more time-consuming and the faces can wear over time. End standards have a built-in datum for alignment and are not subject to parallax.
Interferometry
This document discusses different types of interferometers used for measurement. It describes the principles of interference that occur when two light waves meet, including conditions for constructive and destructive interference. It then explains several specific interferometers - Michelson, Fabry-Perot, fringe counting, NPL flatness, Pitter-NPL, and laser - detailing how each works and what types of measurements each can perform. The NPL flatness interferometer and Pitter-NPL gauge interferometer are explained in more depth with diagrams of their components and working principles.
Chapter 7 measurement of surface finish
The document discusses surface finish and roughness measurement. It defines terms like surface texture, roughness, waviness, and provides explanations of different measurement methods and parameters like Ra, Rz, and Rmax. Measurement methods covered include comparison methods, profilometers, and instruments like the Taylor-Hobson Talysurf that can numerically analyze surface roughness.
Comparators
Precision instrument used for comparing the dimensions of a workpiece with a working standard or master setting which represents the basic size.
FORM MEASUREMENTS
This document discusses various form measurement principles and methods, including straightness, flatness, thread, gear, and surface finish measurement. It describes key concepts like straightness, flatness, and parallelism. Methods for measuring straightness include spirit levels, straight edges, and laser systems. Flatness can be measured using beam comparators, interferometry, and electromechanical gauges. Thread measurement involves assessing elements like major diameter, minor diameter, pitch, and form using tools like micrometers, thread gauges, and microscopes. Surface roughness is analyzed using methods like peak-to-valley, average roughness, and RMS. Gear measurement techniques include using vernier calipers, the base tangent method, and invol
Angular measurements
This document discusses various instruments used to measure angles:
- Protractors, bevel protractors, vernier bevel protractors, and optical bevel protractors are used to measure angles between two faces. Vernier bevel protractors provide more precise readings through a vernier scale.
- Sine bars and sine centers are used with slip gauges to measure angles through trigonometric functions. Sine bars become inaccurate for angles over 45 degrees.
- Angle gauges precisely measure angles through calibrated blocks that can be added or subtracted.
- Spirit levels and clinometers measure angles of incline relative to horizontal, with clinometers providing a scale to measure the exact
Measurement of force, torque and strain (2)
1. The document discusses various methods for measuring force, torque, and strain. It describes load cells, cantilever beams, proving rings, and differential transformers that can be used to measure force.
2. Methods for measuring torque and power are also presented, including absorption dynamometers, prony brake dynamometers, hydraulic dynamometers, and eddy current dynamometers.
3. The concept of strain and strain gauges for measuring strain are briefly covered at the end.
Tool makers (tmm)
A toolmakers microscope is used to measure objects up to 1/100th of a millimeter. It works on the principle of a screw gauge but with additional features to improve ease of use. The toolmakers microscope has a robust base and column with a track to carry the lens and illuminating source. An object is placed on a glass table with scales to measure movement in the X, Y, and rotational directions. Differences in the micrometer readings after positioning the object indicate the length and breadth which allows for precise measurements of tools and threaded components.
Tool makers microscope
The toolmaker's microscope is an optical measuring device that can measure lengths, profiles, angles, and threads up to 1/100th of a millimeter. It works on the principle of projecting a shadow image of the workpiece through an optical system onto a screen with cross lines, allowing measurements to be taken. Key components include a base, measuring head with light source and lenses, and a glass table with scales for measuring movement in the X, Y, and rotational directions. It can be used to accurately measure various mechanical components and perform tasks like thread measurement and angle measurement of tools.
More Related Content
What's hot
Hydraulic actuators and control components
ME8694 Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Hydraulic actuators and Control components
kamaraj college of engineering and Technology
Virudhunagar
Height gauge
A height gauge is a measuring device used to determine the height of objects or mark repetitive heights. It has a vertical column with a sliding unit that can move up and down. An arm extends from the gauge to contact the object being measured. Height gauges can be vernier, dial, or digital/electronic. Vernier height gauges rely on user skill while digital gauges provide precise electronic measurements. Height gauges are used to mark lines, check hole depths, and mark locations on machine parts.
Comparators
The document discusses mechanical measurements and metrology. It describes various types of comparators used for measurement including mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, and optical comparators. Mechanical comparators discussed include dial indicators, Johnson Mikrokators, and Sigma comparators. Electrical comparators include LVDTs, while pneumatic comparators include back pressure and Solex gauges. Optical comparators discussed include Zeiss Ultra-optimeters.
Tool maker microscope
The tool maker's microscope is a versatile measuring instrument used to precisely measure small parts without applying pressure. It consists of a moveable head, measuring stage, projection screen, and other components. Light from the source is reflected through the objective lens onto the screen, projecting a magnified shadow image of the workpiece. Measurements of features like thread pitch and tooth angles can then be made by comparing the image to the scale on the screen. The tool maker's microscope allows for accurate linear, angular, and comparative measurements down to 1 micrometer and 1 minute, making it useful for inspection and quality control applications.
Linear measuring instrument
This document discusses linear measuring devices and comparators. It describes non-precision instruments like steel rules, calipers, dividers, and telescopic gauges that measure to visible graduations. Precision instruments like micrometers, vernier calipers, and height gauges are also covered. Vernier calipers provide accuracy of 0.1 to 0.01 mm by comparing main and vernier scales. Micrometers measure external dimensions like diameters to an accuracy of 0.01 mm using a graduated barrel that moves a spindle towards an anvil. A variety of electrical devices like strain gauges and LVDTs also transform displacements into measurable parameters.
Tool makers microscope
The document discusses various types of measuring tools used in tool making and manufacturing, including a tool maker's microscope, straight edge, surface plate, profile projector, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope. It provides details on the measuring principles, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each tool.
Measurement of force, torque and strain
This document discusses force and strain measurement techniques. It begins by defining force and describing Newton's second law of motion. Common force measurement methods include balancing against gravitational force, measuring deflection of an elastic member, translating to a fluid pressure, and measuring acceleration. Devices for force measurement include load cells, proving rings, and dynamometers. The document also discusses strain, strain gauges, and methods of measuring strain including resistance strain gauges, rosette gauges, mechanical strain gauges, and electrical strain gauges.
Hydraulic ciruits
Control of a single-acting and double-acting cylinder, regeneration, motor braking, speed control, synchronisation, fail safe, two handed, application of counterbalance, sequence, unloading, pressure reducing, pilot operated check valve
Comparators
The document provides an overview of comparators, including their basic principle, uses, characteristics, and classifications. Comparators are precision instruments used to compare the dimensions of a component to a standard. They work by initially adjusting to zero on a standard part, then taking readings on the workpiece to determine any dimensional differences. Main types include mechanical, mechanical-optical, electrical, and pneumatic comparators. Mechanical comparators have no external power needs but limited range, while mechanical-optical versions offer higher magnification but require a light source. Electrical comparators use a Wheatstone bridge circuit and galvanometer, and pneumatic comparators displace fluid to measure deviations.
Ch-3: Measurement of screw thread and gear
The document discusses measurement of screw thread elements. It begins by defining key screw thread terminology such as external thread, internal thread, pitch, lead, etc. It then describes various methods for measuring the major diameter, minor diameter, effective diameter (pitch diameter), and pitch of external screw threads. Methods discussed include using a micrometer, V-pieces, taper parallels, and wires/rods. The goal is to measure the critical geometric aspects that ensure interchangeability of threaded fasteners.
Metrology unit-v (7-10-2015)
This document provides information on various methods for measuring force, torque, power, flow and temperature. It discusses direct and indirect methods for measuring force, including using spring balances, accelerometers, hydraulic load cells, pneumatic load cells and strain gauge load cells. It also describes techniques for measuring torque using rope brakes, hydraulic dynamometers and strain gauge transducers. Flow measurement is discussed for devices like venturi meters, orifice meters and rotameters. Temperature measurement techniques include bimetallic strips, thermocouples and resistance thermometers.
UNIT II LINEAR AND ANGULAR MEASUREMENT 9
Definition of metrology-Linear measuring instruments: Vernier, micrometer, interval measurement, Slip gauges and classification, interferometery, optical flats, limit gauges- Comparators: Mechanical, pneumatic and electrical types, applications.
Angular measurements: -Sine bar, optical bevel protractor, angle Decker – Taper measurements.
Force and torque measurement
This document discusses different methods for measuring force, including scales and balances, elastic force meters, load cells, proving rings, and dynamometers. It provides details on the principles and workings of various force measurement devices:
- Scales and balances measure force by balancing an unknown force against a known gravitational force using standard masses. Unequal arm beam balances relate the length of the beam to the measured force.
- Elastic force meters measure the deflection of an elastic member like a spring when an unknown force is applied and relate it to the measured force.
- Load cells translate an applied force into a fluid pressure that is then measured, allowing highly accurate force measurement. Hydraulic and pneumatic load cells work on
Line and end standard
Line standards and end standards are two categories of instruments used to directly measure linear dimensions.
A line standard measures the distance between the centers of two engraved lines, such as a ruler. It allows for quick measurements over a wide range but lacks precision due to line thickness and susceptibility to parallax errors.
An end standard measures the distance between two parallel flat surfaces, such as slip gauges or a micrometer anvil. It provides highly accurate measurements of close tolerances but is more time-consuming and the faces can wear over time. End standards have a built-in datum for alignment and are not subject to parallax.
Interferometry
This document discusses different types of interferometers used for measurement. It describes the principles of interference that occur when two light waves meet, including conditions for constructive and destructive interference. It then explains several specific interferometers - Michelson, Fabry-Perot, fringe counting, NPL flatness, Pitter-NPL, and laser - detailing how each works and what types of measurements each can perform. The NPL flatness interferometer and Pitter-NPL gauge interferometer are explained in more depth with diagrams of their components and working principles.
Chapter 7 measurement of surface finish
The document discusses surface finish and roughness measurement. It defines terms like surface texture, roughness, waviness, and provides explanations of different measurement methods and parameters like Ra, Rz, and Rmax. Measurement methods covered include comparison methods, profilometers, and instruments like the Taylor-Hobson Talysurf that can numerically analyze surface roughness.
Comparators
Precision instrument used for comparing the dimensions of a workpiece with a working standard or master setting which represents the basic size.
FORM MEASUREMENTS
This document discusses various form measurement principles and methods, including straightness, flatness, thread, gear, and surface finish measurement. It describes key concepts like straightness, flatness, and parallelism. Methods for measuring straightness include spirit levels, straight edges, and laser systems. Flatness can be measured using beam comparators, interferometry, and electromechanical gauges. Thread measurement involves assessing elements like major diameter, minor diameter, pitch, and form using tools like micrometers, thread gauges, and microscopes. Surface roughness is analyzed using methods like peak-to-valley, average roughness, and RMS. Gear measurement techniques include using vernier calipers, the base tangent method, and invol
Angular measurements
This document discusses various instruments used to measure angles:
- Protractors, bevel protractors, vernier bevel protractors, and optical bevel protractors are used to measure angles between two faces. Vernier bevel protractors provide more precise readings through a vernier scale.
- Sine bars and sine centers are used with slip gauges to measure angles through trigonometric functions. Sine bars become inaccurate for angles over 45 degrees.
- Angle gauges precisely measure angles through calibrated blocks that can be added or subtracted.
- Spirit levels and clinometers measure angles of incline relative to horizontal, with clinometers providing a scale to measure the exact
Measurement of force, torque and strain (2)
1. The document discusses various methods for measuring force, torque, and strain. It describes load cells, cantilever beams, proving rings, and differential transformers that can be used to measure force.
2. Methods for measuring torque and power are also presented, including absorption dynamometers, prony brake dynamometers, hydraulic dynamometers, and eddy current dynamometers.
3. The concept of strain and strain gauges for measuring strain are briefly covered at the end.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Optical torsion meter
Tool makers (tmm)
A toolmakers microscope is used to measure objects up to 1/100th of a millimeter. It works on the principle of a screw gauge but with additional features to improve ease of use. The toolmakers microscope has a robust base and column with a track to carry the lens and illuminating source. An object is placed on a glass table with scales to measure movement in the X, Y, and rotational directions. Differences in the micrometer readings after positioning the object indicate the length and breadth which allows for precise measurements of tools and threaded components.
Tool makers microscope
The toolmaker's microscope is an optical measuring device that can measure lengths, profiles, angles, and threads up to 1/100th of a millimeter. It works on the principle of projecting a shadow image of the workpiece through an optical system onto a screen with cross lines, allowing measurements to be taken. Key components include a base, measuring head with light source and lenses, and a glass table with scales for measuring movement in the X, Y, and rotational directions. It can be used to accurately measure various mechanical components and perform tasks like thread measurement and angle measurement of tools.
Auto-collimator
An auto-collimator is an optical instrument that uses a collimator and telescope combined to measure small angular differences very sensitively and accurately. It works by projecting parallel light using a collimator and measuring the linear displacement of the reflected light when the reflector is tilted, which corresponds to twice the angle of tilt. The auto-collimator responds only to tilts of the reflector, and its focal length and aperture determine its measurement range and sensitivity. It can be used to measure straightness, flatness, angles, squareness, and parallelism.
Optical measuring instruments
The document discusses various optical measuring instruments. It describes the engineering microscope, which provides an enlarged view of small objects to measure dimensions. It also describes the toolmakers microscope in detail. The toolmakers microscope uses optics and has a base, worktable, optical head, and ground glass screen to project and measure contours, diameters, distances between holes, and other geometric features of parts. Interference patterns created using an optical flat allow for measuring the flatness and parallelism of surfaces. Other optical measuring instruments discussed include the optical projector, interferometers like the Michelson interferometer, and sources of light used for optical measurements.
Michelson interferometer
The Michelson interferometer splits a beam of monochromatic light into two beams using a beam splitter. One beam reflects off a stationary mirror while the other reflects off a movable mirror before recombining at the beam splitter. As the movable mirror is adjusted, the interference pattern of light and dark projected changes, allowing the number of alterations between constructive and destructive interference to be counted. By tracking this change over a known distance, the wavelength of the light can be calculated.
99995204.pdf
This document discusses various instruments used for angular measurement including protractors, sine bars, angle gauges, spirit levels, autocollimators, and angle dekkors. It provides details on their construction, principles of operation, types, accuracy, and applications. For example, it explains that a universal bevel protractor can measure angles with an accuracy up to 5 minutes and has a vernier scale to improve readability while a sine bar is used to accurately measure and set angles but is limited to less than 45 degrees.
Unit 3
This document provides information on advances in metrology using laser technology. It discusses the principles and working of lasers, including spontaneous and stimulated emission. It describes applications of lasers such as laser interferometers, laser scanning gauges, and laser telemetric systems. It also covers coordinate measuring machines, the different types of CMMs, and probes used in CMMs like trigger probes and measuring probes. The document presents information concisely on various laser-based measurement techniques.
DispensingBSc (6).pptx
A lensmeter is an instrument used to measure the optical power of lenses. It works by projecting illuminated lines through a test lens and measuring the lens's back focal length. There are manual and automatic lensmeters. A manual lensmeter consists of an illuminated target, fixed lens, telescope, and adjustable eyepiece. To measure a lens, the user adjusts the eyepiece for clear focus, centers the lens, and turns the power drum until the projected lines come into focus, reading the lens power. Spherical lenses focus both single and triple lines at the same power. Cylindrical lenses require adjusting both the power and axis drums to bring each line type into focus separately.
LENSOMETER---7.pptx
this gives an elaboration on the principle, different types of lensometers, their uses and places where these are useful.
measurements.pptx
This document discusses different types of measuring instruments classified based on their working principles. It describes moving iron instruments which operate using the principles of attraction or repulsion of a soft iron piece in a magnetic field. It also describes moving coil instruments which have either a permanent magnet or another fixed coil producing the operating magnetic field. Key details about the construction, working, deflecting torque, and advantages/disadvantages of each type are provided. The document also includes sections on oscilloscopes, describing how analog and digital oscilloscopes work to display electrical waveforms.
Electrical instruments ppt
This document provides an overview of electrical measurement and measuring instruments. It discusses the essential requirements of indicating instruments, which are deflecting torque, controlling torque, and damping torque. Controlling torque methods include spring control and gravity control. Damping torque is achieved through air friction or eddy current damping. Moving iron, permanent magnet moving coil, and electrodynamic instruments are described in terms of their construction and working principles. DC ammeters and voltmeters are also briefly discussed.
Auto collimator angle dekkor
1. Measuring the angle of a component.
2. Checking the sloping angle of a vee-block.
3. Measuring the angle of a cone or taper gauges.
4. Precise angular settings for machining operations.
Compass surveying
Compass surveying involves measuring the direction of survey lines using a magnetic compass. It is used when the survey area is large, undulating, and crowded with details, making chain surveying difficult. In compass surveying, the directions of connected survey lines are measured with a compass, while the lengths are measured with a tape. The magnetic bearing of each line is recorded. Prismatic and surveyor's compasses are used to measure bearings in whole circle bearing or quadrantal bearing systems. Bearings are designated as fore, back, included, or exterior angles based on survey direction and line intersections. Compass surveying is not suitable for areas with magnetic interference.
Electrodynamometer
The document describes two types of wattmeters:
(1) Dynamometer type wattmeter which measures power using a moving coil placed in a magnetic field produced by a fixed coil. Deflection of the moving coil is proportional to the square of the current.
(2) Induction type energy meter which uses a rotating magnetic field produced by current and potential coils cutting a metallic disc to induce eddy currents and rotate the disc. The number of disc revolutions is registered to indicate energy consumed. It is used on AC systems only.
Electrical measurements
This document discusses different types of electrical measuring instruments and their operating principles. It describes three key components of indicating instruments: the deflecting torque, controlling torque, and damping torque. It then covers various instrument types including moving iron instruments, permanent magnet moving coil instruments, and electrodynamic instruments. The controlling torque methods of spring control and gravity control are explained. Common damping methods like air friction and eddy current damping are also summarized.
Robot Sensing System - 2
Tachogenerators and optical encoders are used to measure rotational movement. Tachogenerators use the principle that a voltage is induced when there is relative motion between a magnetic field and conductor. Optical encoders have a light source and sensor that detect patterns on a rotating disk to provide a digital output proportional to angular position. There are two main types: absolute encoders uniquely represent a given position, while incremental encoders count lines to determine position but not uniquely.
Lensometers
Detailed instumentaion and use of manual Lensometer and just a outline of automated lensometer.
I have used the picture of manual lensometer with out the parts describtion because i have explained orally by showing the picture..
Hope u all like it and may help you in learning better. :)
Polarimetry
Polarimetry is a technique used to measure the optical activity of chiral molecules. It works by measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light as it passes through a sample. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and rotate plane-polarized light in equal but opposite directions. A polarimeter device is used to measure the angle of rotation, from which specific rotation can be calculated. Optical activity arises because plane-polarized light undergoes a net rotation when passed through a chiral substance due to a lack of cancellation between its interactions with left- and right-handed forms. Polarimetry has applications in pharmaceuticals, chemicals and food industries for analysis, quality control
3.Lensometery.pptx
1. The document describes various types of corrective lenses and how their power is measured using trial lenses, a lensometer, or focimeter.
2. A lensometer or focimeter uses targets, power dials, and axis dials to separately measure the sphere, cylinder, and axis of a lens.
3. Key steps involve focusing the instrument, centering the lens, and adjusting dials until target lines are clear, taking note of the power and axis readings.
COMPARATORS total PPT.pptx
Comparators are instruments used to compare the dimensions of a component to a standard. They have three essential parts: a fixed surface for measurements, a sensitive indicator to show movement, and a means of adjusting the curved anvil face. Comparators function by magnifying small displacements, which are displayed on a dial or recorder. Common types include mechanical, optical, electrical, and pneumatic comparators. Mechanical comparators use gear and lever mechanisms to magnify movements, while optical comparators provide further magnification using projected images.
Similar to Optical torsion meter (20)
More from DominicHendry
Rdt
An RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) is a device used to measure temperature by correlating its electrical resistance with temperature. RTDs are made of metal such as platinum, copper, or nickel that change resistance predictably with temperature. They provide a very accurate means of temperature measurement and are commonly used in industrial processes and scientific applications.
Pic microcontroller architecture
The PIC microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memories. It has a CPU with an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. The memory includes program memory to store instructions, data memory including registers for temporary data storage, and EEPROM for storing variables. It has advantages like a small instruction set, low cost, and built-in interfaces like I2C, SPI, and analog components.
Part family
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Key board interfacing with 8051
A 4x4 matrix keypad can be interfaced with an 8051 microcontroller to detect key presses. The rows of the keypad are connected to output port pins on the microcontroller, which are set high or low to scan each row. The columns are connected to input port pins, which the microcontroller reads to detect a low value, indicating a key press. By scanning each row and detecting the low column, the microcontroller can identify the specific key pressed. The document provides a circuit diagram and pin assignments for interfacing a 4x4 keypad with an 8051 development board to allow scanning and detecting keys.
Fms
Conventional manufacturing consisted of either job shops capable of variety but high cost, or transfer lines for high volume but limited to 1-2 parts. A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) integrates multiple machines via automated material handling controlled by a computer to manufacture various products. A manufacturing cell typically consists of 2-3 CNC machines plus a handling system. An FMS provides flexibility in machine functions, production, product mixing, routing, volumes and expansion through computer control of workstations, material storage and movement, and production monitoring. Reasons to implement FMS include increased efficiency and responsiveness compared to conventional systems. Careful planning is required to implement FMS successfully.
Coding
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
8051 timer and counter 1
The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. Microprocessors have separate CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, and timers, while microcontrollers have these components integrated onto a single chip. Microcontrollers are cheaper and use less power and space than microprocessors, making them better suited for applications where these factors are important. The document also describes different timer modes for microcontrollers, including 13-bit, 16-bit, auto-reload, and non-interrupt modes.
8051 block diagram
Microcontrollers are small computers that integrate RAM, ROM, I/O ports and other components onto a single chip. They are used in applications where cost, power and space are critical. The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, noting that microcontrollers have all components on one chip while microprocessors have separate chips. It then describes the typical internal blocks of a microcontroller, including the CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers and serial ports. Block diagrams show the connections between these internal components.
Rotameter
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Pmmc instruments
The document describes the parts, construction, and working of a permanent magnet moving coil instrument. The key components are a permanent magnet, rectangular coil mounted on an aluminum former, hairsprings for control, and an aluminum cylindrical core. The coil moves in the magnetic field and an imbalance in flux density exerts a force on the coil. Advantages include low power consumption, high accuracy, and efficient damping. Disadvantages include only working with DC and higher cost compared to moving iron instruments.
Pic microcontroller architecture
The PIC microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memories. It has a CPU with an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. The memory includes program memory to store instructions, data memory including registers for temporary data storage, and EEPROM for storing variables. It has advantages like a small instruction set, low cost, and built-in interfaces like I2C, SPI, and analog components.
op amp
The document discusses operation amplifiers (op-amps) and their uses in different circuit configurations. It describes op-amps being used as:
1) Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, where the inverting amplifier inverts the input signal and the non-inverting amplifier does not invert it.
2) A summing amplifier, which sums multiple input signals.
3) An integrator, which integrates the input signal over time by using a feedback capacitor instead of resistor.
4) A differentiator, which differentiates the input signal by using an input capacitor instead of resistor.
Ic 555 timer as astable
This document summarizes the operation of an astable multivibrator circuit using a 555 timer integrated circuit. The circuit consists of two comparators, three 5k ohm resistors, and a 0.01uF capacitor. It generates a square wave output without needing an external trigger, with the high and low times determined by the resistor and capacitor values. The duty cycle of the output wave is calculated as the charge time divided by the total period. Key advantages are its simple operation, low external component count, and perfect square wave output, though the duty cycle is limited to above 50%.
Hydraulics circuits
A counterbalance valve is used to prevent uncontrolled downward motion of a heavy platen in a press. It works by creating an opposing hydraulic force when pressure drops below a set point. Using a counterbalance valve also prevents cavitation in the pump by limiting the speed of the platen. Sequence valves are used in another circuit to control the sequential operation of two cylinders when a directional control valve is shifted.
Friction
This document defines friction and its types, including static and dynamic friction. It discusses limiting friction force, normal reaction force, and coefficient of friction. It provides the laws of static and dynamic friction. Key concepts covered are that friction opposes motion, static friction is when bodies are at rest while dynamic friction occurs when in motion, and coefficient of friction is the ratio of limiting friction force to normal reaction force.
Basic principles of pneumatics
1. Boyle's law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. It can be expressed as pv = constant, where p is pressure, v is volume, and the constant depends on temperature and amount of gas.
2. Charles's law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is kept constant. It can be expressed as V/T = constant, where V is volume and T is temperature in Kelvin.
3. Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when volume is kept constant. It can be expressed as P/T = constant, where P is pressure and
More from DominicHendry (19)
Recently uploaded
How Do Love Spells Really Work? The Secret to Get Your Ex Back Fast, Powerful...
How Do Love Spells Really Work? The Secret to Get Your Ex Back Fast, Powerful...Traditional Healer, Love Spells Caster and Money Spells That Work Fast
If you want a spell that is solely about getting your lover back in your arms, this spell has significant energy just to do that for your love life. This spell has the ability to influence your lover to come home no matter what forces are keeping them away. Using my magical native lost love spells, I can bring back your ex-husband or ex-wife to you, if you still love them and want them back.
Even if they have remarried my lost love spells will bring them back and they will love you once again. By requesting this spell; the lost love of your life could be back on their way to you now. This spell does not force love between partners. It works when there is genuine love between the two but for some unforeseen circumstance, you are now apart.
I cast these advanced spells to bring back lost love where I use the supernatural power and forces to reconnect you with one specific person you want back in your existence. Bring back your ex-lover & make them commit to a relationship with you again using bring back lost love spells that will help ex lost lovers forgive each other.
Losing your loved one sometimes can be inevitable but the process of getting your ex love back to you can be extremely very hard. However, that doesn’t mean that you cannot win your ex back any faster. Getting people to understand each other and create the unbreakable bond is the true work of love spells.
Love spells are magically cast with the divine power to make the faded love to re-germinate with the intensive love power to overcome all the challenges.
My effective bring back lost love spells are powerful within 24 hours. Dropping someone you adore is like breaking your heart in two pieces, especially when you are deeply in love with that character. Love is a vital emotion and has power to do the entirety glad and quality, however there comes a time whilst humans are deserted via their loved ones and are deceived, lied, wronged and blamed. Bring back your ex-girlfriend & make them commit to a relationship with you again using bring back lost love spells to make fall back in love with you.
Make your ex-husband to get back with you using bring back lost love spells to make your ex-husband to fall back in love with you & commit to marriage & with you again.
Bring back lost love spells to help ex-lover resolve past difference & forgive each other for past mistakes. Capture his heart & make him yours using love spells.
His powerful lost lover spell works in an effective and fastest way. By using a lover spell by Prof. Balaj, the individuals can bring back lost love. Its essential fascinating powers can bring back lost love, attract new love, or improve an existing relationship. With the right spell and a little faith, individuals can create the lasting and fulfilling relationship everyone has always desired.
Visit https://www.profbalaj.com/love-spells-loves-spells-that-work/ for more info or
Call/WhatsApp +27836633417 NOW FOR GUARANTEED RESULTSTop 10 Challenges That Every Web Designer Face on A Daily Basis.pptx
In today’s fast-moving digital world, building websites is super important for how well a business does online. But, because things keep changing with technology and what people expect, teams who make websites often run into big problems. These problems can slow down their work and stop them from making really good websites. Let us see what the best website designers in Delhi have to say –
https://www.edtech.in/services/website-designing-development-company-delhi.htm
antivirus and security software | basics
Webroot antivirus helps with online security. Use reliable security software to protect your devices from attacks, providing online security and quiet mind when using technology for business or work.
Discover How Long Do Aluminum Gutters Last?
Many people wonder how long aluminum gutters last. In this ppt, we will cover the lifetime of aluminum gutters, appropriate maintenance procedures, and the advantages of using this material for gutter installation.
Enhance Your Home with Professional Painting Services
By refining the layout and replacing furnishings, people can more effectively enjoy themselves in their home environment. If you want to enhance the visual appeal of your home, then residential painting services are at your service. We take responsibility for transforming your dull spaces into vibrant ones. This PPT unveils the difference that professional painters make in elevating the look of your home.
Best Web Development Frameworks in 2024
Best Web Development Frameworks: In 2024, the landscape of web development frameworks is diverse, with different frameworks excelling in various aspects such as 1. React, 2. Jquery, 3. MySQL, and 4. ASP.NET. With a strategic blend of manual testing and cutting-edge automated tools, we guarantee a flawless user experience. Partner with Growth Grids and elevate your software quality to new heights.
Contact Us :-
Email: [business@growthgrids.com]
Phone: [+91-9773356002]
Website : https://growthgrids.com
Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental...
Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental...Summerland Environmental
Welcome to the presentation on Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental. We will explore innovative methods and technologies for eco-friendly waste management.
Emmanuel Katto Uganda - A Philanthropist
Emmanuel Katto is a well-known businessman from Uganda who is improving his town via his charitable work and commercial endeavors. The Emka Foundation is a non-profit organization that focuses on empowering adolescents through education, business, and skill development. He is the founder and CEO of this organization. His philanthropic journey is deeply personal, driven by a calling to make a positive difference in his home country. Check out the slides to more about his social work.
Copy Trading Forex Brokers 2024 ptx
Forex Copy trading is the mode of trading offering great opportunities to the traders lacking time or in-depth market knowledge, yet willing to use currency trading as a form of investment and to increase their initial funds.
Expert Tips for Pruning Your Plants.pdf.
Pruning enhances your garden's visual appeal by keeping plants neat and well-formed. Whether you prefer a formal, structured look or a more natural, free-flowing design, regular pruning helps you achieve and maintain your desired garden style. A well-pruned garden looks cared for and can significantly improve the overall beauty of your outdoor space.
The Fraud Examiner’s Report – What the Certified Fraud Examiner Should Know
The Fraud Examiner’s Report – What the Certified Fraud Examiner Should KnowGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
The Fraud Examiner’s Report –
What the Certified Fraud Examiner Should Know
Being a Virtual Training Paper presented at the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Port Harcourt Chapter Anti-Fraud Training on July 29, 2023.
Electrical Testing Lab Services in Dubai.pdf
An electrical testing lab in Dubai plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of electrical systems across various industries. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology and staffed by experienced professionals, these labs conduct comprehensive tests on electrical components, systems, and installations.
x ray baggage scanner manufacturers in India
Gujar Industries India Pvt. Ltd is a leading manufacturer of X-ray baggage scanners in India. With a strong focus on innovation and quality, the company has established itself as a trusted provider of security solutions for various industries. Their X-ray baggage scanners are designed to meet the highest standards of safety and efficiency, making them ideal for use in airports, government buildings, and other high-security environments. Gujar Industries India Pvt. Ltd is committed to providing cutting-edge technology and reliable products to ensure the safety and security of their customers.
Bridging the Language Gap The Power of Simultaneous Interpretation in Rwanda
Rwanda is a nation on the rise, fostering international partnerships and economic growth. With this progress comes a growing need for seamless communication across languages. Simultaneous interpretation emerges as a vital tool in this ever-evolving landscape. When seeking the best simultaneous interpretation in Rwanda, Kasuku Translation stands out as a premier choice.
Biomass Briquettes A Sustainable Solution for Energy and Waste Management..pptx
Biomass Briquettes A Sustainable Solution for Energy and Waste Management..pptxECOSTAN Biofuel Pvt Ltd
Biomass briquettes are an innovative and environmentally beneficial alternative to traditional fossil fuels, providing a long-term solution for energy production and waste management. These compact, high-energy density briquettes are made from organic materials such as agricultural wastes, wood chips, and other biomass waste, and are intended to reduce environmental effect while satisfying energy demands efficiently. Top Challenges Faced by High-Risk Merchants and How to Overcome Them.pptx
Top Challenges Faced by High-Risk Merchants and How to Overcome Them.pptxMerchantech - Payment Processing Services
Merchants from high-risk industries face significant challenges due to their industry reputation, chargeback, and refund rates. These industries include sectors like gambling, adult entertainment, and CBD products, which often struggle to secure merchant accounts due to increased risks of chargebacks and fraud.
To overcome these difficulties, it is necessary to improve credit scores, reduce chargeback rates, and provide detailed business information to high-risk merchant account providers to enhance credibility.
Regarding security, implementing robust security measures such as secure payment gateways, two-factor authentication, and fraud detection software that utilizes machine learning systems is crucial.
Best Immigration Consultants in Amritsar- SAGA Studies
Want to fulfill your study abroad dream? Searching for the best Immigration Consultants?
SAGA Studies is the best immigration consultants in Amritsar, provides student admissions, study visa, spouse and dependent visas, tourist visas, PTE exam assistance,and many more.
Understanding Love Compatibility or Synastry: Why It Matters
Love compatibility, often referred to as synastry in astrological terms, is the study of how two individuals’ astrological charts interact with each other.
WORK PERMIT IN NORWAY | WORK VISA SERVICE
Job Vacancies in Norway 🇳🇴
Warehouse Workers for Clothing
2year WORKPERMIT 👍
Salary: €3900-4300 per month (Paid twice a month).
Requirements:
* Duties include quality control of products, order picking, packing goods, and applying stickers and labels.
* Work schedule: 8-10 hours per day, 5 days a week.
Documents 📄
*Adhar
Pan
Photo
Education documents
Basic English**o
Education documents
Basic English**
Photo
Education documents
Basic English**
Recently uploaded (20)
Greeting powerpoint slide for kids( 4-6 years old)
Greeting powerpoint slide for kids( 4-6 years old)
How Do Love Spells Really Work? The Secret to Get Your Ex Back Fast, Powerful...
How Do Love Spells Really Work? The Secret to Get Your Ex Back Fast, Powerful...
Top 10 Challenges That Every Web Designer Face on A Daily Basis.pptx
Top 10 Challenges That Every Web Designer Face on A Daily Basis.pptx
Enhance Your Home with Professional Painting Services
Enhance Your Home with Professional Painting Services
Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental...
Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental...
The Fraud Examiner’s Report – What the Certified Fraud Examiner Should Know
The Fraud Examiner’s Report – What the Certified Fraud Examiner Should Know
Bridging the Language Gap The Power of Simultaneous Interpretation in Rwanda
Bridging the Language Gap The Power of Simultaneous Interpretation in Rwanda
Biomass Briquettes A Sustainable Solution for Energy and Waste Management..pptx
Biomass Briquettes A Sustainable Solution for Energy and Waste Management..pptx
Top Challenges Faced by High-Risk Merchants and How to Overcome Them.pptx
Top Challenges Faced by High-Risk Merchants and How to Overcome Them.pptx
Best Immigration Consultants in Amritsar- SAGA Studies
Best Immigration Consultants in Amritsar- SAGA Studies
Understanding Love Compatibility or Synastry: Why It Matters
Understanding Love Compatibility or Synastry: Why It Matters
Optical torsion meter
- 2. Optical Torsion meter • Basic Principle Due to torque, an angular twist (angular displacement) occurs on the shaft between its ends. This angle of twist is measured by using optical means where in angular deflection of light rays is proportional to twist and hence the torque.
- 3. Construction of optical torsion meter The main parts of an optical torsion meter as follows: • A shaft is used on which two casting M and N are connected at a known distance. • A tension strip linking the two castings. • Two mirrors which are fitted and aligned on the castings. • A light beam falling on the mirrors, an optical system and a torque calibrated scale.
- 4. Operation of optical torsion meter • When the shaft is transmitting torque, a relative movement occurs between castings M and N, and due to this, the mirrors will change position ( partial inclination between the two mirrors) since they are attached to the castings. • As the mirrors are constantly made to reflect a light beam on the torque calibrated scale, due to the changed position of the mirrors, there will be an angular deflection of the light rays which is measured from the calibrated scale. • This angular deflection of the light rays is proportional to the twist on the shaft (relative movement of casting M and N) and hence the torque of the shaft.
- 5. Applications of optical torsion meter • It is used in steam turbines and I.C engines