Operational research is the scientific study of operations aimed at improving decision-making. It originated from military planning in World War II and has since expanded to various industries. In public health, operational research uses analytical methods to identify health program problems, potential solutions, and test solutions to inform evidence-based decisions around programs. It involves interdisciplinary teams that study issues like disease screening, outbreak response, and health behavior programs. Societies like IFORS and journals promote the field. Overall, operational research integrates data analysis into program management to enhance monitoring and evaluation.
This ppt will explain you the Defintion ,detailed explanation of phases with necessory diagrams, Applications ,Limitations and scope of Operations Research
This ppt will explain you the Defintion ,detailed explanation of phases with necessory diagrams, Applications ,Limitations and scope of Operations Research
this ppt is helpful for BBA/B.tech//MBA/M.tech students.
the ppt is on simulation topic...its covers -
Meaning
Advantages & Disadvantages
Uses
Process
Monte Carlo SImulation
Advantages & Disadvantages
Its example
The assignment problem is a special case of transportation problem in which the objective is to assign ‘m’ jobs or workers to ‘n’ machines such that the cost incurred is minimized.
The transportation problem is a special type of linear programming problem where the objective is to minimize the cost of distributing a product from a number of sources or origins to a number of destinations.
Because of its special structure, the usual simplex method is not suitable for solving transportation problems. These problems require a special method of solution.
Introduction to Operations Research with basic concepts along with Models in Operation Research also addressed.
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
OPERATIONS RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND ITS’ APPLICATION IN HEALTHCARE SERVICE DEL...IAEME Publication
Operations Research & its applications have made noticeable contribution in the
field of healthcare since 1960. It has been used in complex decision making under
uncertainty. The prime objective of this article is to the aim of this article is to identify
the chronological development of the application of OR tools, techniques and various
models in healthcare sector. Usage of different OR tools, techniques and its trend for
optimization, planning, and decision-making are studied through a descriptive
literature review of scientific papers published between 1952 and 2016. A rising pattern
in the usage of operational models is observed with the predominance of resource
optimization approaches and strategic decision-making for healthcare sector.
this ppt is helpful for BBA/B.tech//MBA/M.tech students.
the ppt is on simulation topic...its covers -
Meaning
Advantages & Disadvantages
Uses
Process
Monte Carlo SImulation
Advantages & Disadvantages
Its example
The assignment problem is a special case of transportation problem in which the objective is to assign ‘m’ jobs or workers to ‘n’ machines such that the cost incurred is minimized.
The transportation problem is a special type of linear programming problem where the objective is to minimize the cost of distributing a product from a number of sources or origins to a number of destinations.
Because of its special structure, the usual simplex method is not suitable for solving transportation problems. These problems require a special method of solution.
Introduction to Operations Research with basic concepts along with Models in Operation Research also addressed.
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
OPERATIONS RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND ITS’ APPLICATION IN HEALTHCARE SERVICE DEL...IAEME Publication
Operations Research & its applications have made noticeable contribution in the
field of healthcare since 1960. It has been used in complex decision making under
uncertainty. The prime objective of this article is to the aim of this article is to identify
the chronological development of the application of OR tools, techniques and various
models in healthcare sector. Usage of different OR tools, techniques and its trend for
optimization, planning, and decision-making are studied through a descriptive
literature review of scientific papers published between 1952 and 2016. A rising pattern
in the usage of operational models is observed with the predominance of resource
optimization approaches and strategic decision-making for healthcare sector.
Operational research is becoming important in real world setting of health care as it always tried to find out challenges or gaps in any health related issues or in program. For health program improvement, OR should be conducting frequently. Program manager and doctors should be involve in OR and encourage to do so.
UCSF CTSI Implementation Science Training and Support: Activities and Impacts UCLA CTSI
Dr. Margaret Handley (UCSF) provides the learning goals for this webinar, which are the following: 1) Understand Background ideas that informs the UCSF Implementation Science Training Program, 2) identify components of the conceptual model for Implementation science have been applied to course development, and 3) understand variations of learner experience, ranging from curriculum and examples of completed work.
For more information and to see other dissemination and implementation content, please visit: http://ctsi.ucla.edu/patients-community/pages/dissemination_implementation_improvement
'Demystifying Knowledge Transfer- an introduction to Implementation Science M...NEQOS
Powerpoint presentation from 'Demystifying Knowledge Transfer: an introduction to Implementation Science' - 28th May 2014.
Facilitated by Professor Jeremy Grimshaw and Dr Justin Presseau
Clinical research and clinical data management - Ikya Globalikya global
Data management functions in clinical trials—extensive data cleaning, full query management, protocol deviation management, batch processing, as examples—have traditionally been served by stand-alone clinical data management systems (CDMS), whose input is from paper forms or from separate electronic data capture systems. Distinct electronic data capture and data management systems require data integration, with resulting timing and reconciliation issues.
Operational research- main techniques PERT and CPMvckg1987
this presentation mainly deals with operational research giving more focus on pERT and CPM techniques. this two methods are very useful and very confusing while reading but the examples in this presentation makes it very easy to understand this methods and for more study the end slide is provided with references.
Roles and Responsibilities in Clinical Trials of Investigator, Study Coordinator, Sponsor, Monitor, a Contract research organization.
The clinical trial, definition, description, Different types of clinical trials, phases of clinical trial.
The clinical trial study team.
Requirements of the clinical trial study team.
Clinical research team role.
GCP- Good clinical practices.
EVB-Evidence Based Practice- principles,purposes,valuechristenashantaram
This brief out the principles,purposes,value involved in EVB-Evidence Based Practice and helps health, scoial care practisioner to know more about the EVB-Evidence Based Practicein health and scocial care international base.
Chapter 7. The Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice Implem.docxspoonerneddy
Chapter 7. The Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice
Implementation
Marita G. Titler
Background
Overview of Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-based health care practices are available for a number of conditions such as asthma,
heart failure, and diabetes. However, these practices are not always implemented in care
delivery, and variation in practices abound.1–4 Traditionally, patient safety research has focused
on data analyses to identify patient safety issues and to demonstrate that a new practice will lead
to improved quality and patient safety.5 Much less research attention has been paid to how to
implement practices. Yet, only by putting into practice what is learned from research will care be
made safer.5 Implementing evidence-based safety practices are difficult and need strategies that
address the complexity of systems of care, individual practitioners, senior leadership, and—
ultimately—changing health care cultures to be evidence-based safety practice environments.5
Nursing has a rich history of using research in practice, pioneered by Florence Nightingale.6–
9 Although during the early and mid-1900s, few nurses contributed to this foundation initiated
by Nightingale,10 the nursing profession has more recently provided major leadership for
improving care through application of research findings in practice.11
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the conscientious and judicious use of current best
evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health care
decisions.12–15 Best evidence includes empirical evidence from randomized controlled trials;
evidence from other scientific methods such as descriptive and qualitative research; as well as
use of information from case reports, scientific principles, and expert opinion. When enough
research evidence is available, the practice should be guided by research evidence in conjunction
with clinical expertise and patient values. In some cases, however, a sufficient research base may
not be available, and health care decisionmaking is derived principally from nonresearch
evidence sources such as expert opinion and scientific principles.16 As more research is done in a
specific area, the research evidence must be incorporated into the EBP.15
Models of Evidence-Based Practice
Multiple models of EBP are available and have been used in a variety of clinical settings.16–36
Although review of these models is beyond the scope of this chapter, common elements of these
models are selecting a practice topic (e.g., discharge instructions for individuals with heart
failure), critique and syntheses of evidence, implementation, evaluation of the impact on patient
care and provider performance, and consideration of the context/setting in which the practice is
implemented.15, 17 The learning that occurs during the process of translating research into
practice is valuable information to capture and feed back into the process, so that.
1. Department of Community Medicine
Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences , Bilaspur (C.G.).
OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
2. CONTENTS
1. Overview.
2. History.
3. Definitions.
4. Objectives of Operational Research.
5. Scope of Operational Research.
6. Methods of Operational Research.
7. Operational Research process.
8. Operational Research in Public Health.
9. Societies and Journals of Operational Research.
10. Conclusions.
5. Overview
It is a discipline that deals with application
of advanced analytical methods to
facilitate better decisions .
It represents the study of optimal resource
allocation.
7. Overview
Modern synonyms for Operational Research are
Management Science or Decision Science.
It is often considered to be a sub-field of
mathematics.
8. But now a days the principles and
techniques of Operational Research
are being applied in every field of
human research and development
including Health Care Sciences.
10. History
Operational Research has been existed as a
science since 1930‘s.
But as a formal discipline
Operational Research originated
by the efforts of military planner
during World War II .
11. History
The analytical study of military
problems was undertaken to
provide scientific basis for
decisions to improve military
operations.
12. History
In the decade after World War-II the
techniques began to be applied more
widely in problems of business,
industries and societies.
13. History
Since the time Operational Research
has expanded into a field widely used
in industries ranging from petro-
chemical to airlines, finances, logistics
and government.
Now it has become an area of active
academic and industrial research.
14. History
The techniques of Operational Research have
been applied and proven in many industries
under different names.
For instance :-
- ‘Lean’ in manufacturing.
- ‘Supply Chain’ in logistics and
- ‘Yield Management’ in airlines.
15. Origin of Operational Research
in Medicine and Public Heath
Operational Research has been
studied in Health Care settings
since 1952.
16. In England , Norman Bailey published
“Operational Research in Medicine” in the
June issue in Operational Research Quarterly.
(Bailey June 1952).
In the same year “Journal of the Operations
Research Society” was launched in America.
17. Many Operational Research papers on health care
subjects have been published in Operational
Research and Health Care Journals.
Including –
American Journal of Public Health.(1952)
Operational Research in Medicine.
(1952 by Norman Bailey , England).
Journals of Operational Research Society.
British Medical Journal.
Heath Care Management Science.
18.
19. Despite the proliferation of papers in
the academic literature there are still
major issues around getting
Operational Research models widely
accepted as part of mainstream
decision making by health managers,
policy makers and clinicians.
22. Definition by WHO (2003)
“The use of systematic research techniques
for program decision making to achieve a
specific outcome.”
23. A working meeting in Geneva on -
“Framework for Operation and Implementation Research in Health and
Diseases Control Program”
All participant were agreed on -
“Any research producing practically
usable knowledge ( evidence , finding ,
information) which can improve program
implementation (effectiveness , efficiency ,
quality , access , scale-up, sustainability)
regardless the type of research (design,
method, approach) falls within the
boundaries of Operational Research.”
25. Objectives
Decision making and improve its quality.
Identify optimum solution.
Integrating the systems.
Improve the objectivity of analysis.
Minimize the cost and maximize the profit.
Improve the productivity.
Success in competition and market
leadership.
26. Objectives
The intent of Operational Research is
to learn about management and
administration of socio-cultural behavior and
economic factors that exist as bottleneck to
effective implementation and
to develop more effective approaches to the
programming.
28. Scope of Operational Research
1. National plans and budget.
2. Health care services and National Health Programs.
3. Government development and public sector unit.
4. Industrial establishment and private sector unit.
5. National defense services.
6. Research and development in engineering.
7. Public works department.
8. Business management.
9. Agriculture and irrigation projects.
10. Education and training.
11. Transport and communication.
30. Methods
Despite the number of technical labels like-
- multi-criteria decision analysis,
- linear and non linear programming,
- discrete-event simulation,
- queuing and stochastic process modeling,
- conjoint analysis or
- neural networking.
31. METHODS
Most projects of Operational Research apply
one of three broad groups of methods :-
1.Simulation methods.
2.Optimization methods.
3.Data-analysis methods.
32. 1.Simulation method
It gives ability to conduct sensitive
study to -
(a). search for improvements and
(b). test the improvement ideas
that are being made.
33. 2.Optimization methods
Here goal is to enable the decision
makers to identify and locate the
very best choice, where innumerable
feasible choices are available and
comparing them is difficult.
34. 3.Data-analysis methods
The goal is to aid the decision-maker in
detecting actual patterns and inter-
connections in the data set and
Use of this analysis for making solutions.
This method is very useful in Public Health.
36. Process
1. Identification of program problem.
2. Identification of possible reasons and
solutions .
3. Testing of potential solution.
4. Results utilization.
5. Results dissemination.
37. 1.Identification of the program problem
Most critical step in the process.
Unless problem is clearly defined it is
impossible to develop good solutions.
38. 2.Identification of possible
reasons and solutions
Once the problem has been identified , it is
the job of the program implementer and
researcher to determine the reasons for the
problem and generate possible solutions.
39. 3.Testing of potential solution
A good solution must be measurable, easy to
implement and sustainable.
To determine effectiveness of proposed
solution two designs are used-
(a) quasi-experimental design.
- comparison of situations before and after the
solution.
(b) true experiment.
- comparison of outcome between experimental and
control groups.
40. 4.Result utilization
It is necessary to decide how its results are
meant to be used.
This determine to some extent that what
information should be collected.
44. “The mission of public health
is to assure the conditions in
which people can be healthy.”
45. This mission is accomplished
by the application of
Public Health Science in
operations of Public Health
Services.
46. Operational Research ( management
principles and techniques) can be applied in
both of these areas of the Public Health.
1. Public Health Science.
2. Public Heath Services.
47. Composition of O. R. team in Public
Health
1. A Public Health Administrator.
2. An epidemiologist.
3. A mathematician.
4. A statistical scientist and
5. A social scientist.
48. Process of O.R. in Public Health
1. Formulation of the problem,
2. Collection of data,
3. Analysis and hypothesis formulation,
4. Deriving solutions from the models,
5. Choosing the optimal solution and
forecasting results,
6. Test the results and
7. Recommending implementation.
49. Uses in Public Health
1. Identify and solve the problems of program
in timely manner.
2. Helps policy maker and program manager to
make evidence based program decisions.
3. Improve program quality and performance
by using scientifically valid methods.
50. Public Health Operations
1. Disease screening and surveillance.(e.g. HIV,
Influenza)
2. Outbreak investigations.( e.g. SARS)
3. Vaccination.
4. Quarantine and isolation.(e.g. T.B.)
5. Behavioral modification program.(e.g. STDs)
6. Inspection and standard enforcement at public
establishment.( e.g. restaurants )
7. Environmental monitoring.(e.g. bacterial level
at public swimming areas)
8. Vector control.(e.g. mosquito, ticks etc.)
52. IFORS
International Federation of Operational Research Society
IFORS is an umbrella organization for
Operational Research societies world-wide .
It represents 50 national societies including
those in US, UK , France , Germany, Canada ,
Australia , New Zealand, Philippines , India ,
Japan and South-Africa.
53. ORSI
Operational Research Society of India
founded in 1957.
the society is affiliated to the IFORS.
Head quarter of ORSI is located in Kolkata
at 39, Mahanirvan Road , Kolkata 700029.
The society publishes a quarterly journal
OPSEARCH.
55. INFORMS
Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
US–based organization.
INFORMS started an initiative to market the
Operations Research profession better.
website : ” The Science of Better”.
This initiative has been adopted by Operational
Research Society in UK.
website : “Learn about OR” .
56. INFORMS publishes twelve Scholarly journals
about Operational Research.
Including-
1. Decision Analysis.
2. Information System Research.
3. INFORMS journal on computing.
4. Interfaces: An International Journal of the Institute for
Operations Research and the Management Sciences.
5. Management Science: A Journal of the Institute for
Operations Research.
57. C.O.R.T.
Center for Operations Research and Training
CORT established in 1991 is one of the
leading research and training organization in
India.
Its headquarter is in Varodara ,Gujarat.
Broadly it covers area of health , demography
and social and development issues.
58. CORT
CORT is responsible for running State
Training and Resource Center (STRC) in the
state of Gujarat.
CORT is actively involved in building research
capacity of NGOs by organizing training
workshops
61. Conclusions
Operational Research needs to be integrated
as an essential part of monitoring and
evaluation efforts in Public Heath.
Thus concept of M’OR’E could become a new
paradigm for enhancing the practice of
integrated monitoring and evaluation
dimensions as one common component into
program management system.