The document discusses operating systems and their functions. An operating system manages all other programs and hardware on a computer. It performs basic tasks like input/output processing and memory management. There are different types of operating systems based on the environment they are used in, such as single-user or multi-user systems. Popular operating systems include Windows and MacOS which use a graphical user interface to allow users to interact with programs and resources through elements like icons, windows, menus and pointers.
The document discusses various aspects of operating systems and software. It describes the Windows operating system and how it uses mouse and keyboard as input devices. It then discusses in detail how to use the mouse functions like clicking, double clicking, right clicking, and dragging. It also discusses keyboard shortcuts and functions. The document then covers the different types of operating systems like single-program OS, multi-programming OS, time-sharing OS, real-time OS, and interactive OS. It also defines system software and application software and provides examples. Finally, it discusses the various services provided by operating systems.
This document provides information about operating systems and their functions. It discusses the different types of operating systems like single program OS, multiprogramming OS, time sharing OS, and real time OS. It also describes the key functions of an operating system like process management, storage management, and information management. Process management involves scheduling processes and allocating CPU time between multiple running programs. The document discusses different process scheduling techniques like FCFS, SJN, and deadline scheduling. It also explains the difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling approaches.
The document discusses operating systems and Windows. It defines an operating system as the most important program that manages other programs and hardware on a computer. It describes the functions of operating systems like recognizing input/output, tracking files, and controlling devices. It outlines the four main types of operating systems and discusses features of Windows like the desktop, start menu, windows, icons, and pointers used to interact with programs through a graphical user interface.
An operating system coordinates activities between computer hardware, provides means for users to communicate with the computer and software, and manages computer resources. There are multi-user operating systems that allow multiple users to access a computer at once and single-user systems that allow one user but multiple programs. Operating systems features include time sharing to allocate portions of time to jobs, multiprocessing to run programs simultaneously, distributed systems to share jobs across networked computers, and real-time systems to perform tasks within time constraints. Common operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, and the goals of operating systems are efficient hardware use and easy resource access.
A computer is an electronic device that can perform different operations according to instructions called programs. It shows output in soft copy and hard copy forms. The CPU controls the operation of the computer's hardware and software. The CPU is divided into five basic units - input, storage, processing, output, and controlling. Common computer components include the CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, and software. RAM is volatile memory that is used for temporary storage while a computer is on, and ROM is non-volatile memory that retains data even when a computer is turned off. Common types of RAM include DRAM and SRAM, while common types of ROM include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
The document discusses six main types of operating systems: single-user systems, which support either a single task or multi-tasking for one user; multi-user systems that allow multiple users to access a system simultaneously; multi-tasking systems that can run multiple programs concurrently by rapidly switching between them; multi-processing systems that use more than one CPU to enable several programs to run in parallel; embedded systems designed for devices like PDAs, cameras and cars with limited resources; and real-time systems intended for applications that require fast and predictable responses to inputs like industrial machinery.
The operating system manages hardware and software, allowing devices to function normally. It controls components like memory, processors, and input/output devices. Device drivers translate operating system data into hardware-specific instructions. Operating systems support single-user single-tasking, single-user multi-tasking, and multi-user multi-tasking environments. They manage memory, storage, user interfaces, and ensure applications and processes receive processor time.
This chapter discusses common computer input devices like the keyboard and mouse. It describes the standard QWERTY keyboard layout and the purpose of different types of keys. Mice can be mechanical or optical, and variants include trackballs and touchpads. Proper ergonomics are important to prevent repetitive strain injuries when using input devices extensively. The keyboard and mouse allow users to interact with computers by entering text, numbers, commands and selecting options.
The document discusses various aspects of operating systems and software. It describes the Windows operating system and how it uses mouse and keyboard as input devices. It then discusses in detail how to use the mouse functions like clicking, double clicking, right clicking, and dragging. It also discusses keyboard shortcuts and functions. The document then covers the different types of operating systems like single-program OS, multi-programming OS, time-sharing OS, real-time OS, and interactive OS. It also defines system software and application software and provides examples. Finally, it discusses the various services provided by operating systems.
This document provides information about operating systems and their functions. It discusses the different types of operating systems like single program OS, multiprogramming OS, time sharing OS, and real time OS. It also describes the key functions of an operating system like process management, storage management, and information management. Process management involves scheduling processes and allocating CPU time between multiple running programs. The document discusses different process scheduling techniques like FCFS, SJN, and deadline scheduling. It also explains the difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling approaches.
The document discusses operating systems and Windows. It defines an operating system as the most important program that manages other programs and hardware on a computer. It describes the functions of operating systems like recognizing input/output, tracking files, and controlling devices. It outlines the four main types of operating systems and discusses features of Windows like the desktop, start menu, windows, icons, and pointers used to interact with programs through a graphical user interface.
An operating system coordinates activities between computer hardware, provides means for users to communicate with the computer and software, and manages computer resources. There are multi-user operating systems that allow multiple users to access a computer at once and single-user systems that allow one user but multiple programs. Operating systems features include time sharing to allocate portions of time to jobs, multiprocessing to run programs simultaneously, distributed systems to share jobs across networked computers, and real-time systems to perform tasks within time constraints. Common operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, and the goals of operating systems are efficient hardware use and easy resource access.
A computer is an electronic device that can perform different operations according to instructions called programs. It shows output in soft copy and hard copy forms. The CPU controls the operation of the computer's hardware and software. The CPU is divided into five basic units - input, storage, processing, output, and controlling. Common computer components include the CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, and software. RAM is volatile memory that is used for temporary storage while a computer is on, and ROM is non-volatile memory that retains data even when a computer is turned off. Common types of RAM include DRAM and SRAM, while common types of ROM include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
The document discusses six main types of operating systems: single-user systems, which support either a single task or multi-tasking for one user; multi-user systems that allow multiple users to access a system simultaneously; multi-tasking systems that can run multiple programs concurrently by rapidly switching between them; multi-processing systems that use more than one CPU to enable several programs to run in parallel; embedded systems designed for devices like PDAs, cameras and cars with limited resources; and real-time systems intended for applications that require fast and predictable responses to inputs like industrial machinery.
The operating system manages hardware and software, allowing devices to function normally. It controls components like memory, processors, and input/output devices. Device drivers translate operating system data into hardware-specific instructions. Operating systems support single-user single-tasking, single-user multi-tasking, and multi-user multi-tasking environments. They manage memory, storage, user interfaces, and ensure applications and processes receive processor time.
This chapter discusses common computer input devices like the keyboard and mouse. It describes the standard QWERTY keyboard layout and the purpose of different types of keys. Mice can be mechanical or optical, and variants include trackballs and touchpads. Proper ergonomics are important to prevent repetitive strain injuries when using input devices extensively. The keyboard and mouse allow users to interact with computers by entering text, numbers, commands and selecting options.
This document discusses different types of computers based on their mode of use. It describes notebook computers, personal computers, workstations, mainframe systems, supercomputers, client and server computers, and handheld computers. For each type, it provides details on their key features such as size, processing power, memory capacity, operating systems, popular usage, and examples of major manufacturers. It compares the characteristics of different computer types to classify them.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
The document discusses an introduction to operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources. It describes the evolution of operating systems from batch processing to time-sharing systems. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like managing memory, controlling I/O devices, and facilitating file storage. It also differentiates between single-user and multi-user operating systems.
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that allows computer hardware and software to communicate and function. It then describes GUI operating systems as using graphics and icons navigated by a mouse. It also covers multi-user systems that allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously or at different times, as well as multiprocessing systems that support more than one processor, and multitasking and multithreading systems that run multiple processes concurrently. Finally, it mentions embedded systems designed for devices like PDAs with limited resources.
The document discusses different types of application software including spreadsheets, graphic presentations, and database management systems. It provides examples of common programs for each type like Microsoft Excel for spreadsheets and Microsoft Access for databases. It also covers operating systems, describing their functions such as allocating memory and controlling input/output devices. The evolution of operating systems is summarized from batch processing to timesharing and distributed systems. Key aspects of batch processing, multiprogramming, and timesharing systems are highlighted.
The document discusses the main components of a computer system. It describes hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also discusses software components like operating systems, application software for specific tasks, and system software that enables hardware. The core components of a computer system are described as the input and output devices, secondary storage, and the processor and internal memory devices like the CPU, RAM, ROM and internal hard drive. The operating system is software that enables users to communicate with and control the computer system.
This document provides an overview of operating systems and utility programs. It discusses the types and functions of operating systems, including how they help start up computers, manage memory and programs, connect to networks, and more. It also describes various standalone operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and UNIX. Network operating systems and embedded operating systems are explored as well. Finally, common utility programs are summarized, such as file managers, antivirus software, and firewalls.
The document defines operating systems and describes their basic components and functions. It discusses how operating systems provide an interface between hardware and software, manage system resources, and allow for the execution of user programs. The goals of an operating system are to provide convenience for users and efficient operation of the computer system. An operating system is a type of system software that coordinates hardware and software and controls and allocates resources.
This document discusses different types of software categories. It describes operating systems software, which manages computer hardware and allows other programs to function. Application software is used to perform tasks like word processing, games, or data analysis. Common operating systems for personal computers are Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The operating system boots the computer, runs self-tests, loads peripheral devices, and loads the operating system. Modern operating systems use graphical user interfaces with icons, menus, and windows rather than text-based command lines.
Operating systems have evolved significantly over time:
- Early operating systems in the 1950s supported batch processing and standardized I/O routines.
- In the 1960s, time-sharing systems were developed that allowed multiple users to access a computer simultaneously.
- Modern operating systems support various types of usage including batch processing, time-sharing, real-time applications, distributed systems, and parallel processing across networked computers. They provide interfaces, manage memory, processors, devices, files and perform other functions to enable efficient use of computer hardware and software resources.
This document provides an overview of getting started with Windows 7, including how to start Windows 7, what is on the desktop, how to use the taskbar, arrange icons and windows, use the Start menu and search, learn about basic Windows controls, check your Windows version, understand updates, access help, and shut down Windows 7. The document contains information on these topics in the form of descriptive text and screenshots.
The operating system controls the computer hardware, organizes files, and manages errors. It has three main functions: coordinating hardware, organizing files, and managing hardware errors and data loss.
Mac OS X 10.3 "Panther" was the fourth major release of Apple's desktop operating system, featuring updates to the Finder, Exposé, Safari browser, and including new applications like Font Book and improved security and productivity features. Panther added support for newer PowerPC processors and required a New World ROM for certain older machines. The operating system also included updates to existing applications, improved developer tools, support for newer file systems and network protocols, and a revamped Activity Monitor and Disk Utility applications.
The document discusses different types of computer software including system software like operating systems and utility programs, as well as application software. It describes the functions of operating systems such as starting up and shutting down computers, providing user interfaces, managing memory and programs, and more. The document also covers different types of operating systems including standalone, server, embedded, and discusses examples of various utility programs.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as the software that manages hardware resources and allows other programs to run. It describes how operating systems perform basic tasks like input/output and resource management. It outlines four main types of operating systems: single-user single-task; multi-user multi-task; real-time; and single-user multi-tasking. It discusses how operating systems manage memory, applications, and boot the computer on startup. The document provides an overview of the key roles and components of common operating systems.
Bca i-fundamental of computer-u-2- application and system softwareRai University
This document provides information on different types of software and software development models. It discusses:
1) The differences between system software (e.g. operating systems, compilers) which manage hardware, and application software (e.g. word processors, spreadsheets) which perform tasks for users.
2) Common software development models including the waterfall model, V-shaped model, and evolutionary prototyping model. The waterfall model follows sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, and testing. The V-shaped model adds parallel testing phases. Prototyping allows iterative user feedback.
3) Descriptions of various system software including operating systems, compilers, linkers, loaders, and interpreters and
The document discusses operating systems and includes the following information:
1. It provides a list of students with their roll numbers and defines what an operating system is as a set of computer programs that controls hardware and acts as an interface between software and hardware.
2. It discusses why operating systems are studied and some of their key components and functions such as processor management, memory management, and file system management.
3. It provides examples of different types of operating systems like real-time operating systems, single-user operating systems, and multi-user operating systems and gives prices for some common operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
This document provides an overview of different types of operating systems, including Windows OS, Mac OS, Linux, DOS, and Unix. It discusses the history and key features of each operating system, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The document focuses on explaining the user interface, applications, and versions of different operating systems like Windows, highlighting Windows XP, Vista, and 10. It also summarizes the origins and uses of Linux, Mac OS, DOS, and Unix operating systems.
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. It acts as an interface between the computer and user, managing resources and coordinating activities. There are multi-user systems which allow multiple, concurrent users and single-user systems for one user at a time. Operating systems' main functions include resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication between the user and computer. User interfaces allow interaction and include command line interfaces using only keyboard input and graphical user interfaces using keyboards and pointing devices. Popular operating systems include MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Solaris, and Android.
Operating Systems and windows for studentspsaramago1
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It describes how operating systems manage hardware resources, run applications, and provide interfaces for users. It focuses on Windows operating systems and their graphical user interfaces. Key points covered include how operating systems load and boot up computers, utilize memory, allow multi-tasking, and provide visual elements like windows, icons, menus and pointers to interact with users.
The document discusses operating systems and Windows. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs a computer and manages other programs. The document outlines four main types of operating systems and provides examples of Windows and MacOS. It describes the basic functions of an operating system like managing memory, running applications, and allowing user input through devices. The document also summarizes the key parts of the Windows desktop like the taskbar, start button, icons, windows and menus.
This document discusses different types of computers based on their mode of use. It describes notebook computers, personal computers, workstations, mainframe systems, supercomputers, client and server computers, and handheld computers. For each type, it provides details on their key features such as size, processing power, memory capacity, operating systems, popular usage, and examples of major manufacturers. It compares the characteristics of different computer types to classify them.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
The document discusses an introduction to operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources. It describes the evolution of operating systems from batch processing to time-sharing systems. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like managing memory, controlling I/O devices, and facilitating file storage. It also differentiates between single-user and multi-user operating systems.
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that allows computer hardware and software to communicate and function. It then describes GUI operating systems as using graphics and icons navigated by a mouse. It also covers multi-user systems that allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously or at different times, as well as multiprocessing systems that support more than one processor, and multitasking and multithreading systems that run multiple processes concurrently. Finally, it mentions embedded systems designed for devices like PDAs with limited resources.
The document discusses different types of application software including spreadsheets, graphic presentations, and database management systems. It provides examples of common programs for each type like Microsoft Excel for spreadsheets and Microsoft Access for databases. It also covers operating systems, describing their functions such as allocating memory and controlling input/output devices. The evolution of operating systems is summarized from batch processing to timesharing and distributed systems. Key aspects of batch processing, multiprogramming, and timesharing systems are highlighted.
The document discusses the main components of a computer system. It describes hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also discusses software components like operating systems, application software for specific tasks, and system software that enables hardware. The core components of a computer system are described as the input and output devices, secondary storage, and the processor and internal memory devices like the CPU, RAM, ROM and internal hard drive. The operating system is software that enables users to communicate with and control the computer system.
This document provides an overview of operating systems and utility programs. It discusses the types and functions of operating systems, including how they help start up computers, manage memory and programs, connect to networks, and more. It also describes various standalone operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and UNIX. Network operating systems and embedded operating systems are explored as well. Finally, common utility programs are summarized, such as file managers, antivirus software, and firewalls.
The document defines operating systems and describes their basic components and functions. It discusses how operating systems provide an interface between hardware and software, manage system resources, and allow for the execution of user programs. The goals of an operating system are to provide convenience for users and efficient operation of the computer system. An operating system is a type of system software that coordinates hardware and software and controls and allocates resources.
This document discusses different types of software categories. It describes operating systems software, which manages computer hardware and allows other programs to function. Application software is used to perform tasks like word processing, games, or data analysis. Common operating systems for personal computers are Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The operating system boots the computer, runs self-tests, loads peripheral devices, and loads the operating system. Modern operating systems use graphical user interfaces with icons, menus, and windows rather than text-based command lines.
Operating systems have evolved significantly over time:
- Early operating systems in the 1950s supported batch processing and standardized I/O routines.
- In the 1960s, time-sharing systems were developed that allowed multiple users to access a computer simultaneously.
- Modern operating systems support various types of usage including batch processing, time-sharing, real-time applications, distributed systems, and parallel processing across networked computers. They provide interfaces, manage memory, processors, devices, files and perform other functions to enable efficient use of computer hardware and software resources.
This document provides an overview of getting started with Windows 7, including how to start Windows 7, what is on the desktop, how to use the taskbar, arrange icons and windows, use the Start menu and search, learn about basic Windows controls, check your Windows version, understand updates, access help, and shut down Windows 7. The document contains information on these topics in the form of descriptive text and screenshots.
The operating system controls the computer hardware, organizes files, and manages errors. It has three main functions: coordinating hardware, organizing files, and managing hardware errors and data loss.
Mac OS X 10.3 "Panther" was the fourth major release of Apple's desktop operating system, featuring updates to the Finder, Exposé, Safari browser, and including new applications like Font Book and improved security and productivity features. Panther added support for newer PowerPC processors and required a New World ROM for certain older machines. The operating system also included updates to existing applications, improved developer tools, support for newer file systems and network protocols, and a revamped Activity Monitor and Disk Utility applications.
The document discusses different types of computer software including system software like operating systems and utility programs, as well as application software. It describes the functions of operating systems such as starting up and shutting down computers, providing user interfaces, managing memory and programs, and more. The document also covers different types of operating systems including standalone, server, embedded, and discusses examples of various utility programs.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as the software that manages hardware resources and allows other programs to run. It describes how operating systems perform basic tasks like input/output and resource management. It outlines four main types of operating systems: single-user single-task; multi-user multi-task; real-time; and single-user multi-tasking. It discusses how operating systems manage memory, applications, and boot the computer on startup. The document provides an overview of the key roles and components of common operating systems.
Bca i-fundamental of computer-u-2- application and system softwareRai University
This document provides information on different types of software and software development models. It discusses:
1) The differences between system software (e.g. operating systems, compilers) which manage hardware, and application software (e.g. word processors, spreadsheets) which perform tasks for users.
2) Common software development models including the waterfall model, V-shaped model, and evolutionary prototyping model. The waterfall model follows sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, and testing. The V-shaped model adds parallel testing phases. Prototyping allows iterative user feedback.
3) Descriptions of various system software including operating systems, compilers, linkers, loaders, and interpreters and
The document discusses operating systems and includes the following information:
1. It provides a list of students with their roll numbers and defines what an operating system is as a set of computer programs that controls hardware and acts as an interface between software and hardware.
2. It discusses why operating systems are studied and some of their key components and functions such as processor management, memory management, and file system management.
3. It provides examples of different types of operating systems like real-time operating systems, single-user operating systems, and multi-user operating systems and gives prices for some common operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
This document provides an overview of different types of operating systems, including Windows OS, Mac OS, Linux, DOS, and Unix. It discusses the history and key features of each operating system, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The document focuses on explaining the user interface, applications, and versions of different operating systems like Windows, highlighting Windows XP, Vista, and 10. It also summarizes the origins and uses of Linux, Mac OS, DOS, and Unix operating systems.
The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. It acts as an interface between the computer and user, managing resources and coordinating activities. There are multi-user systems which allow multiple, concurrent users and single-user systems for one user at a time. Operating systems' main functions include resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication between the user and computer. User interfaces allow interaction and include command line interfaces using only keyboard input and graphical user interfaces using keyboards and pointing devices. Popular operating systems include MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Solaris, and Android.
Operating Systems and windows for studentspsaramago1
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It describes how operating systems manage hardware resources, run applications, and provide interfaces for users. It focuses on Windows operating systems and their graphical user interfaces. Key points covered include how operating systems load and boot up computers, utilize memory, allow multi-tasking, and provide visual elements like windows, icons, menus and pointers to interact with users.
The document discusses operating systems and Windows. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs a computer and manages other programs. The document outlines four main types of operating systems and provides examples of Windows and MacOS. It describes the basic functions of an operating system like managing memory, running applications, and allowing user input through devices. The document also summarizes the key parts of the Windows desktop like the taskbar, start button, icons, windows and menus.
The document discusses operating systems and Windows. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs a computer and manages other programs. The document outlines four main types of operating systems and notes that Windows and MacOS are examples of single-user, multi-tasking operating systems. It describes the basic functions of an operating system, including managing memory, hardware, and software resources. Finally, it provides an overview of the typical parts of a graphical user interface (GUI) like Windows, including icons, windows, menus, and common interface elements in windows like title bars, scroll bars, and menu bars.
The document discusses operating systems and Windows. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs a computer and manages other programs. The document outlines four main types of operating systems and provides examples of Windows and MacOS. It describes the basic functions of an operating system like managing memory, running applications, and allowing user input through devices. The document also summarizes the key parts of the Windows desktop like the taskbar, start button, icons, windows and menus.
The document discusses operating systems and Windows. It defines an operating system as the most important program that runs a computer and manages other programs. It describes operating system functions like recognizing input/output, tracking files, and controlling devices. It outlines four main types of operating systems and provides examples like Windows and MacOS. It explains how operating systems provide platforms for applications and manage memory, hardware, and resources. It provides details on the boot process, graphical user interfaces, desktop components like the taskbar and windows, and basic window features.
Operating systems basics (Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) GUI Tools Applic...Maryam Fida
Operating systems basics
This lesson includes the following sections:
The User Interface
Running Programs
Managing Files
Managing Hardware
Utility Software
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
GUI Tools
Applications and the Interface
Menus
Dialog Boxes
Command-Line InterfacesIcons are pictures that represent computer resources, such as printers, documents, and programs.
You double-click an icon to choose (activate) it, for instance, to launch a program.
The Windows operating system offers two unique tools, called the taskbar and Start button. These help you run and manage programs.
Applications designed to run under one operating system use similar interface elements.
Under an OS such as Windows, you see a familiar interface no matter what programs you use.
In a GUI, each program opens and runs in a separate window—a frame that presents the program and its documents.
In a GUI, you can run multiple programs at once, each in a separate window. The application in use is said to be the active window.
A computer is an electronic machine that can process data, store information, and produce output. It consists of both hardware and software. The hardware includes the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and other peripherals. The software includes operating systems and application programs. When a computer is powered on, it goes through the booting process to start up. Users can then log in, navigate the desktop interface, open programs and files, and perform tasks. Computers come in different types but most common are digital computers that use binary digits for calculations.
The document discusses operating systems and utility programs. It defines an operating system as a set of programs that coordinate computer hardware resources. Operating systems provide functions like starting up and shutting down computers, managing memory, configuring devices, and establishing network connections. There are different types of operating systems including stand-alone operating systems designed for personal computers, server operating systems that manage networks, and embedded operating systems used in mobile devices. The document also briefly describes some common operating systems and their uses.
The document defines and describes different types of software. It discusses systems software, which includes operating systems, utilities programs, device drivers, and language translators that help applications run. It also covers application software, dividing it into general purpose, specialized, customized, and custom-written categories. Finally, it provides examples of different operating systems like real-time, single-user single-task, single-user multi-tasking, and multi-user operating systems.
This lesson is theoretical and practical. At the end of the lesson readers will be able to switch on, log on and access programs on a computer. Additionally they will learn new concepts.
An operating system manages all other programs and applications on a computer. It performs basic tasks like recognizing input/output, tracking files, and controlling devices. There are four main types of operating systems: single-user single-task, multi-user multi-task, real-time operating systems for machinery, and single-user multi-task which allows one user to run multiple programs at once, like Windows and MacOS.
The document provides an introduction to basic computer hardware and software components. It explains that a computer contains hardware components like a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and central processing unit that can be touched, as well as software programs and operating systems that cannot be touched but make the computer function. The document then discusses specific hardware components, types of software including operating systems and applications, and how to use basic features in Windows like the desktop, icons, start menu, programs list, windows, and taskbar. It provides instructions on starting and shutting down a computer as well as opening, closing and moving programs.
An operating system manages computer hardware resources and allows the use of applications. Popular operating systems include Linux, Android, iOS, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Operating systems can be found on devices like computers, phones, game consoles, and servers. There are different types of operating systems including graphical user interface, multi-user, multi-processing, multi-tasking, distributed, and embedded operating systems.
ICT Presentation operating system and types.pptxShehlafaiz1
This document provides information about system software and operating systems. It defines system software as instructions that control and maintain computer programs and devices. It identifies two main types of system software as operating systems and utility programs. It then describes key functions and examples of operating systems, including stand-alone, network, and embedded operating systems. It also discusses some common standalone utility programs.
The document discusses the Windows operating system. It defines an operating system and explains its key roles in managing hardware, software resources, and providing a consistent user interface. The Windows desktop contains icons that represent files and programs. The desktop has areas like the start button, taskbar, and quick launch. A Microsoft window allows the user to view and interact with the computer's contents through a customizable rectangular frame, similar to a home window. Parts of a window include the title bar, menu bar, address bar, buttons, and status bar.
system software and application softwareTallat Satti
Software is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. (The term hardware describes the physical aspects of computers and related devices.)
Perform more specialized tasks (word processing, spreadsheets, email, photo editing, bookkeeping)
Installed onto your computer with disk or downloaded
Can be web based, with no need to download program onto computer
An operating system manages computer hardware resources and allows the use of applications. Popular operating systems include Linux, Android, iOS, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Operating systems can be found on devices like computers, phones, game consoles, and servers. There are different types of operating systems including graphical user interface, multi-user, multi-processing, multi-tasking, distributed, and embedded operating systems.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2. What is an Operating System?
•The most important
program that runs on your
computer. It manages all
other programs on the
machine.
•Every PC has to have one to
run other applications or
programs. It’s the first thing
“loaded”.
3. Operating System
•It performs basic tasks,
such as:
•Recognizing input from the
keyboard or mouse,
•Sending output to the
monitor,
4. Operating System
•Keeping track of
files and directories
on the disk, and
•Controlling
peripheral devices
such as disk drives
and printers.
5. Is There More Than One Type of OS?
•Generally, there are four types,
based on the type of computer
they control and the sort of
applications they support.
1.
1.Single-user, single
Single-user, single
task
task
This type manages the
computer so that one user
can effectively do one
thing at a time.
6. Types of Operating Systems
2. Multi-user, multi-task
2. Multi-user, multi-task
Allows two or more users to run
programs at the same time. Some
operating systems permit hundreds or
even thousands of concurrent users.
7. Types of Operating Systems
3. Real Time Operating
3. Real Time Operating Systems
Systems
RTOS are used to control machinery,
scientific instruments, and industrial
systems.
There is typically very little user-
interface capability.
Resources are managed so that a
particular operation executes
precisely the same every time.
8. Types of Operating Systems
4.
4. Single-user, Multi-tasking
Single-user, Multi-tasking
This is the type of operating system most
desktops and laptops use today.
Microsoft’s Windows and Apple’s MacOS are
both examples of operating systems that will
let a single user have several programs in
operation at the same time.
9. OS’s Manage Applications
•Operating systems provide
a software platform on top
of which other “application”
programs can run.
•The application programs
must be written to run on a
particular operating system.
•So, your choice of operating
system determines what
application software you can
run.
10. Operating System Functions
•Besides managing
hardware and software
resources on the system,
the OS must manage
resources and memory.
•There are two broad
tasks to be accomplished.
11. OS - Memory Storage and Management
1. Each process must have
enough memory in which
to execute, and
It can neither run into the
memory space of another
process,
Nor be run into by another
process.
12. OS - Memory Storage and Management
1. The different types of memory
in the system must be used
properly so that each process
can run most effectively.
13. Cache Memory
•Cache - A section of a
computer's memory
which temporarily
retains recently
accessed data in order
to speed up repeated
access to the same data.
• It provides rapid
access without having
to wait for systems to
load.
14. RAM Memory
•Random access
memory (RAM) is the
best known form of
computer memory.
• RAM is considered
"random access" because
you can access any memory
cell directly if you know the
row and column that
intersect at that cell.
15. RAM Memory
• The more RAM your computer has,
the faster programs can function.
The two main types are called
DRAM and SRAM. SRAM is faster
than DRAM, but, more expensive.
Remember, that if the power is turned off,
then all data left in RAM, that has not been
saved to the hard drive, is lost.
16. Virtual Memory
•Virtual Memory – a method of using
hard disk space to provide extra
memory. It simulates additional RAM.
•In Windows, the
amount of virtual
memory available,
equals the amount of
free RAM plus the
amount of disk space
allocated to the swap
file.
17. Virtual Memory – Swap File
A swap file is an area of your hard disk that is
set aside for virtual memory. Swap files can be
either temporary or permanent.
19. OS - Wake up call
•When you turn on the power to
a PC, the first program that runs
is a set of instructions kept in
the computer's read-only
memory (ROM).
20. OS - Wake up Call
•It checks the CPU, memory,
and basic input-output
systems (BIOS) for errors.
•It checks to make sure
everything is functioning
properly.
21. OS – Wake up Call
•Once successful, the
software will begin to
activate the computer's
disk drives.
•It then finds the first piece
of the operating system:
the bootstrap loader.
22. OS - Booting the PC
•The bootstrap loader is a
small program that has a
single function: It loads the
operating system into
memory and allows it to
begin operation.
23. OS - Booting the PC
•The bootstrap loader sets up the
small driver programs that
interface with and control the
various hardware.
•It sets up the divisions of
• memory
• user information, and
• applications.
24. OS - Booting the PC
•It establishes the data
structures needed to
communicate within
and between the
subsystems and
applications of the
computer.
•Then it turns control of
the computer over to
the operating system.
27. How Do I Tell The OS What I Want To Do?
•You must continue to give
the operating system
commands that are accepted
and executed.
•The first command was
pushing the “ON” button which
started the “boot” process.
28. Enter Commands
•Commands can be
entered several ways:
•Through a keyboard.
•Pointing or clicking on
an object with a mouse.
(Graphical User Interface or GUI)
•Sending a command
from another program.
29. Windows and Mac are GUI’s
•Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh
operating systems are “graphical user
interfaces” or GUI’s.
GUI is defined as: A picture used in place of
a word or words to issue commands.
30. GUI – Standards
• GUI interfaces have standards that
are usually the same or similar in all
systems and applications.
• Standards apply to:
• Pointers and pointing devices
• Icons, desktops, windows and menus
31. Windows - GUI Pointers
•A pointer or mouse pointer is a
small arrow or other symbol that
moves on the screen as you move
a mouse.
• An I-Beam pointer is used by many
desktop publishing systems and word
processors to mark blocks of text and
move the insertion point.
•GUI uses pictures, symbols, or icons rather
than words to represent some object or
function. For example:
32. GUI – Cursors / Pointers
•The term
“cursor” typically
is used to show
where your typing
will appear.
Otherwise, the
term “pointer” is
the better choice.
33. Windows - GUI Icons
• Icon - A small picture that represents a
command, object, file, or window.
•Point and click with a mouse to execute a
command or convert the icon into a window.
•Icons are moveable around the display
screen, just like moving things around on
your desk.
34. Object Icons & Shortcut Icons
•One type of
icon is an
object icon.
It allows
you to open
applications
and
documents
on your PC.
•You can create
and use a
shortcut icon to
open any
application
quickly. You
don’t have to
use the Start
Menu to access
a program or
document.
35. Windows - GUI Windows & Desktop
• You can divide the screen into
different areas.
• In each window, you can run a
different program or display a
different file.
• You can move windows around the
display screen, and change their
shape and size at will.
36. Windows - GUI Menus
•Menu - is an on-screen list
of options for using a
program. It can also be a
list of categories with many
other menu options under
it. Menus can "pop up" or
"pull down."
37. GUI – Share Data
•Because the formats are well-defined,
different programs that run under a common
GUI can share data. This makes it possible,
for example, to copy a graph created by a
spreadsheet program into a document
created by a word processor.
39. Windows - Taskbar
•Taskbar – shows you the windows
or programs that are currently open
on the desktop. You can switch
between windows by clicking on the
applicable button.
40. Windows – System Tray
•System Tray – shows you running
programs that were started
automatically by the operating
system, like anti-virus programs, the
clock and volume controls. These
programs are running in the
background.
41. Windows - Quick Launch Toolbar
•Quick Launch Toolbar – contains
one-click buttons, or shortcuts,
which open programs. You can
customize this toolbar however you
like.
42. Start Button
•The start button allows you to easily
access your computer programs or
configure Windows. By default the
start button is located at the bottom
left side of the screen.
44. Title Bar
•At the top edge of the window, inside
its border, is the title bar which extends
across the width of the window. It
contains the title of the application or
document.
•A small icon in the far left corner of
the title bar represents the object being
viewed in the window.
45. Minimize, Maximize and Resize Windows
•The title bar contains three little
buttons in the upper right-corner of the
window and are used to manage the
window size or close it altogether.
46. Minimize - Maximize
•The first button is the minimize
button and it will hide the window.
The window can be opened again
by clicking its button on the
taskbar.
•The second button is maximize,
which makes the window take
up all the screen space. Clicking
again turns the window back to
the size it was. The double-box
image is known as the restore
button.
47. Close Window
•The last button will
close a window. If it is
the last window of a
certain type of
program, it will exit or
quit that program.
48. Move a Window
•You can move a window to any
location on the desktop by “clicking
and dragging” the title bar with your
mouse.
•This is also referred to as
“drag and drop”.
•You can also
drag and drop
icons to move
the location of
files or shortcuts.
49. Menu Bar
•Menu bar - The horizontal bar near the
top of a window that displays the
names of menus from which you can
access features and perform tasks for
the current application.
50. Types of Menu Items
• Arrow: another menu
will cascade from it.
• Three dots: a dialog
box will open,
containing choices
for you to make.
51. Types of Menu Items
•Checkmark:
clicking this item
will toggle the
feature on or off.
•If a keyboard
shortcut is shown in
the menu, you can
use those keys to
run the command
without having to
open the menu.
52. Scroll Bar
•Scroll bar - the narrow
rectangular bar at the far
right of windows.
•Clicking on the up or down
arrow enables you to move
up and down through a
document.
• A movable square
indicates your location in
the document.
53. Windows Frame & Resizing
•You can also resize a
window by a click and
drag move.
Put the mouse cursor on the
edge of a window (that is not
maximized) and when the
pointer changes to a double
arrow, click and drag for the
new size. Some windows
have a handle on them for
resizing.
54. Status Bar
•Status bar – is located at the
bottom of a window and contains
information about formatting
options, errors, prompts,
messages, or the status of an
application.
55. Dialog Boxes
1. List box
2. Spin control box
3. Slide
4. Drop-down list
5. Radio button
6. Checkbox
7. Text box
56. Windows – Start Menu
• Start Menu – gives you access to all
programs and functions on your PC,
including “help” files and “search”
capabilities.
60. Windows System Programs
•Windows has a number of internal
programs as part of the operating system
that help keep you organized and your
PC healthy.
•Here are a few:
61. Windows - My Computer
•My Computer – inside this icon you can find every
folder and file that your PC has access to.
Also known as
the Windows
Explorer
62.
63. Windows – Recycle Bin
•Recycle Bin – Deleted files and folders go here
first, where they wait to be permanently deleted
by you, or by rules that you set up. This is a
temporary storage area on your hard drive.
64. Windows – My Docs
•My Documents – a place to store
the documents and files you
create. Clicking on this opens an
explorer window displaying the
detail.
•It’s wise to keep the files you
create separate from the program
files, so when you backup your
data, it’s all located in one
location. You can then backup
just this area of your storage.
66. Windows – Network Neighborhood
•Network Neighborhood –
serves as a window into the
network resources you have
on your PC.
•If you are connected to a
network you will see all
the other PC’s linked to
your network and you can
share files, printers or
other hardware.
68. Logoff
•If your have multiple users on a PC
with separate “profiles” or user
logons, use the logoff process to
close out of your profile or to
switch users.
69. Shutdown Windows
•There is a “graceful” way of
shutting down your PC that will
save your program settings and
files.
•This shutdown process basically puts
the operating system to bed.
70. Which Explorer?
•Windows Explorer is the
program that lets you explore
things "inside" your own
computer.
•Internet Explorer lets you
explore things "outside" your
computer -- namely things on the
Internet.
•Tip: Don't confuse Windows Explorer
with Internet Explorer.