The operating system manages hardware and software, allowing devices to function normally. It controls components like memory, processors, and input/output devices. Device drivers translate operating system data into hardware-specific instructions. Operating systems support single-user single-tasking, single-user multi-tasking, and multi-user multi-tasking environments. They manage memory, storage, user interfaces, and ensure applications and processes receive processor time.
A simple research paper on Graphical User Interface or GUI (gooey). It is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons. For example: Microsoft Word, Windows,Linux (GNOME SHELL, KDE Plasma),Mac. etc.Designing the visual composition and temporal behavior of a GUI is an important part of software application programming in the area of human–computer interaction. Xerox Star was the first computer to use GUI.GUIs were a hot topic in the early 1980.
A simple research paper on Graphical User Interface or GUI (gooey). It is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons. For example: Microsoft Word, Windows,Linux (GNOME SHELL, KDE Plasma),Mac. etc.Designing the visual composition and temporal behavior of a GUI is an important part of software application programming in the area of human–computer interaction. Xerox Star was the first computer to use GUI.GUIs were a hot topic in the early 1980.
Introduction to OS, Operating system functions, evaluation of O.S., Different types of O.S.,
Batch multi programmed, Time-sharing, Real-time, Distributed, Parallel.
System is a collection of programs which control the overall functions of which control the overall functions of computer.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a efficient manner. Operating system also acts as a platform on which various application programs such as word processor and excel are executed.
La navidad es una de las festividades más importantes en el mundo, en cada país se tienen diferentes costumbres y tradiciones que sería importante conocer
Introduction to OS, Operating system functions, evaluation of O.S., Different types of O.S.,
Batch multi programmed, Time-sharing, Real-time, Distributed, Parallel.
System is a collection of programs which control the overall functions of which control the overall functions of computer.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a efficient manner. Operating system also acts as a platform on which various application programs such as word processor and excel are executed.
La navidad es una de las festividades más importantes en el mundo, en cada país se tienen diferentes costumbres y tradiciones que sería importante conocer
system software and application softwareTallat Satti
Software is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. (The term hardware describes the physical aspects of computers and related devices.)
Perform more specialized tasks (word processing, spreadsheets, email, photo editing, bookkeeping)
Installed onto your computer with disk or downloaded
Can be web based, with no need to download program onto computer
system software
operating System
• Microsoft windows
• Disk Operating System (DOS)
• Linux
• Unix
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)
TASKS PERFORMED BY AN OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Managing communications between software and hardware.
2. Allocation of computer memory.
3. Allocation of CPU time.
4. Run and Manage program
5. Managing files
6. Configure Software and Devices
7. Configure Network
8. Coordinating Tasks
9. Performance Management
TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1) Single user/personal computer operating system
2) Multiuser/network operating system
3) Embedded operating system
NOVELL’s NETWARE:
Types of embedded OS are here under:
• Windows Embedded CE
• Windows mobile
• Palm operating system
• I phone OS
• Black berry Operating System
PROGRAMING LANGUAGES
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
1. Low Level Language
2. High Level Language
MACHINE LANGUAGE
ASSAMBLY LANGUAge
HIGH LEVEL LANGUGES
PROCEDURAL LANGUGES
NON PROCEDURAL LANGUGES
TYPES OF HIGH LEVEL LANGUGES
OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUGES
LANGUAGE PROCESSOr
• Compiler
• Interpreter
• Assembler
Operating System
types of operating system
functions of operating
memory management
file and folder management
desktop and its composition
mouse and keyboard operations
tools and softwares
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. WHAT AN OPERATING SYSTEM IS…
An operating system is the first thing to be loaded on to your computer. You will
not always personally load it up yourself as the it will have already been
pre-loaded on to your computer, without the operating system your computer
would be useless.
Operating systems have now started to be built into small computers and games
consoles such as netbooks, XBOX 360, PlayStation, laptops and even mobile
phones.
The purpose of operating systems is to manage the hardware and software
which then allows the device that it is in to act in an ordinary fashion. In PC's the
operating system controls many things such as the memory, the processor and
the keyboard/keypad.
3. DEVICE DRIVERS
The driver is a program which makes a
pathway for pretty much all of a
computers hardware that is not
connected to the motherboard. The
main function of the Driver is to
translate data sent from the operating
system into data that the different
types of hardware are able
to understand, but due to the amount
of different types of hardware there are
differences in which the driver runs.
The driver allows higher level
computer programmes to connect to
the hardware.
4. DEVICE DRIVERS
The reason for the driver being
separate from the operating system
is because it allows you to add new
functions to it. The device driver can
be made into logical or physical
layers. The logical layers process
the data for a group of devices like
Ethernet cables or disk drives.
Whereas the physical layers
The driver normally communicates
with other devices via buses or by
the computers subsystem in which
the device is connected to.
5. OPERATING SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
Single user, single application operating
system: this is an operating system which is only
used by one person at a time and is only
capable of running one application at a time.
Most of the devices which use this
application are standard mobile phones.
Single user multi-tasking, this is the sort of
operating system which is built into your ordinary
personal computer. Although designed with the
single user in mind you can run lots of different
applications at the same time. This is better than
the single user, single application operating
system because it is able to run lots of different
apps at the same time whereas the single user,
single application operating system can only run
one app at a time.
6. OPERATING SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
Multi-user, multi-tasking operating
system: This is the sort of operating
system used on mainframes and
supercomputers. They are designed to
be able to cope with lots of different
people on lots of different applications at
the same time.
With this the operating system needs to
make sure that the requirements of every
user on the server is balanced, and that
each program that is being used on the
server has enough and separate
resources so that if there is a problem
with one user it doesn't affect the entire
server.
7. MEMORY MANAGEMENT Input / output management
The Operating system needs to make
sure that the applications are able to When data and applications are not being used they
run with the amount of RAM on the are stored onto thing like the hard disk, optical drives
computer available and also that the and magnetic tape. Input/output management on the
memory on the applications does not operating system allows control of access to
interfere with one another. programmes to resources via the driver.
There are two different places where
the operating system manages the
memory. The logic address- this is
powered by the CPU and is also known
as the virtual address. The physical
address- this is the address which is
seen by the memory unit.
8. USER INTERFACE
The three main user interfaces used today are windows, Linux, The user interface is said to
and Macintosh. The user interface brings the structure and be one of the most important
communication between the user and the computer. User parts of any computer
interfaces are a set of commands or menus which allows the program because it
user to interact with the different programmes on their
determines how easy a user
computer. There is a command driven interface which can only
is able to make a program be
be run by commands, there is also a menu driven user
interface which is run by commands from the user selecting
able to do what you want it
from a number of choices from the menus which are displayed to.
on your screen.
9. Storage management
GUI
This is the term commonly used when talking
about the tools, processes and policies that
GUI the acronym for graphical user interface is are used when your computer is storing
an interface that takes advantage of your networks and storage services like
computers graphical capabilities and then virtualization and replication. When
makes programs easier to use. The more applications are loaded onto the memory the
advanced and well designed GUI’s save the
operating system loads them into block sizes.
users learning complicated command
If the block size is 4KB then every process
languages. But people who already know the
command languages prefer to use the
which is then loaded will be given a chunk of
command driven interfaces rather than the memory which is a multiple of 4. Applications
GUI. are then loaded in the fixed block sizes. This
helps to ensure that applications wont be
loaded up on top of each other memory space.
10. PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT
The main reasons for processor management are: to ensure that each and every process and
application is given enough time from the processor to be able to run properly, to use as many
processor cycles as possible for real work.
There are a number of different processes that run without giving you any clue that they are
even there. The application you can see such as, word processor or spread sheet are both
processors but could cause up to several different processes to begin, for some tasks like
communication with other devices or computers.