The document discusses operating systems and their functions. An operating system manages computer hardware resources and enables communication between hardware and software. Early systems used command line interfaces while modern systems use graphical user interfaces (GUIs) with icons that are easier to use. Operating systems perform basic tasks like memory allocation, task prioritization, input/output control, networking, file management, and error detection. Key features of operating systems include multitasking, allowing multiple programs to run simultaneously; multi-user support to allow multiple users; and multithreading to allow parts of a program to run concurrently.

1. OPERATING SYSTEM

2. Operating system
■ An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer.
■ An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer
hardware resources.
■ An operating system or OS is a software program that enables the computer
hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
■ Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would
be useless.

4. WHEN COMPUTERS WERE FIRST INTRODUCED, THE USER
INTERACTED WITH THEM USING A COMMAND LINE INTERFACE,
WHICH REQUIRED COMMANDS.
TODAY, ALMOST EVERY COMPUTER IS USING A GRAPHICAL
USER INTERFACE (GUI) OPERATING SYSTEM THAT IS MUCH
EASIER TO USE AND OPERATE.
GUI - SHORT FOR GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE, A GUI
OPERATING SYSTEM CONTAINS GRAPHICS AND ICONS AND IS
COMMONLY NAVIGATED BY USING A COMPUTER MOUSE.

5. GUI operating system
Command line interface

6. WHAT OPERATING SYSTEMS DOES
■ An operating system performs basic tasks such as,
• controlling and allocating memory
• prioritizing system requests
• controlling input and output devices
• facilitating networking
• managing file systems.
• Error Detection, Resource Allocation and Security.

7. FEATURES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Multi-tasking
• Multi-programming
• Embedded System
• Multi-user
• Multithreading

8. MULTI-TASKING
MULTI-TASKING handle 2 or more programs at the same time from a single user’s perception
– CPU can only perform one task at a time, however, it runs so fast that 2 or more jobs seem
to execute at the same time.
Multi-user
■ A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the
same time and different times.
Multitasking
An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the
same time.

9. Multiprocessing
■ An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer
processor.
Multithreading
■ Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently
Embedded System:
■ The operating systems designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less
autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources.

10. THANKS