contents
Protocol
Types of protocol
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
internet protocol (IP)
Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP)
Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
File transfer protocol (FTP)
Layers
protocol:-A protocol is a set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and computer or between two computers. Think of protocol as a sort of recommunication agreement about the form in which a message or data is to be sent and receipt is to be acknowledge.
transmission control protocol(TCP):-This protocol ensures the delivery of information packets across network.
internet protocol (IP):-This important protocol is responsible for providing logical addressing called IP address to route information between networks.
hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP):- This protocol is used to access, send and receive Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the Internet.
simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP):-This protocol is used for transferring email between computers.
file transfer protocol(FTP):-FTP is responsible for allowing file to be copied between devices.
layers:-In computer programming, layering is the organization of programming into separate functional components that interact in some sequential and hierarchical way, with each layer usually having an interface only to the layer above it and the layer below it.
thankyou.
This is a brief introductory lecture I conducted on von Neumann Architecture. Von Neumann is a fundamental computer hardware architecture based on the store program concept, designed by John von Neumann.
Basic definition of computer Network which will brief about types of networks, topology and difference between OSI and TCP/IP.It also elaborate to guided and Unguided media.
contents
Protocol
Types of protocol
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
internet protocol (IP)
Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP)
Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
File transfer protocol (FTP)
Layers
protocol:-A protocol is a set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and computer or between two computers. Think of protocol as a sort of recommunication agreement about the form in which a message or data is to be sent and receipt is to be acknowledge.
transmission control protocol(TCP):-This protocol ensures the delivery of information packets across network.
internet protocol (IP):-This important protocol is responsible for providing logical addressing called IP address to route information between networks.
hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP):- This protocol is used to access, send and receive Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the Internet.
simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP):-This protocol is used for transferring email between computers.
file transfer protocol(FTP):-FTP is responsible for allowing file to be copied between devices.
layers:-In computer programming, layering is the organization of programming into separate functional components that interact in some sequential and hierarchical way, with each layer usually having an interface only to the layer above it and the layer below it.
thankyou.
This is a brief introductory lecture I conducted on von Neumann Architecture. Von Neumann is a fundamental computer hardware architecture based on the store program concept, designed by John von Neumann.
Basic definition of computer Network which will brief about types of networks, topology and difference between OSI and TCP/IP.It also elaborate to guided and Unguided media.
Computer Science & Information Systems
First attempt to offer a broad view of CS & IS field by comparing and relate its disciplines
Luis Borges Gouveia
November 2013
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Operating system basics provides new comers in IT to help understanding basic concepts of operating systems and errors, programs, manage hardware devices
OVERVIEW OF OPERATING SYSTEM -Basic concepts of operating system like functio...ApurvaLaddha
This ppt contains basic concepts of operating system such as evolution of operating system, functions of operating system , introduction to LINUX OS and basic shell commands.
An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware,[1][2] although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows,[3] Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these, except Windows, Windows Phone and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.
Presentation Regarding functions of operating systems and their working and other information regarding their uses and types. Useful for Students and other for knowing better about them.
Pleases Send Your Valuable Comments regarding it
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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2. Operating System
• The operating system (OS) is the most important program
that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer
must have an operating system to run other programs
and applications.
• Computer operating systems perform basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard sending output to the
display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the
disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as printers.
3. • For large systems, the operating system has even greater
responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic cop — it makes sure
that different programs and users running at the same time do not
interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible
for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the
system.
5. Functions of Operating Systems
• Provide a user interface
• Run programs
• Manage hardware devices
• Organized file storage
7A-7A-55
6. Types of Operating Systems
• Real-time operating system
• Is an application that responds to certain inputs extremely quickly-
thousandths or millionths of a second.
• Very fast small OS
• Built into a device
• Respond quickly to user input
• It can support multiple simultaneous tasks or it may only
support single tasking.
• MP3 players, Medical devices, machinery, life support
system
7.
8. Types of Operating Systems
• Single user/Single tasking OS
• One user works on the system
• Performs one task at a time
• MS-DOS and Palm OS
• Take up little space on disk
• Run on inexpensive computers
9. Types of Operating Systems
• Single user/Multitasking OS
• User performs many tasks at once
• Most common form of OS
• Windows XP and OS X
• Require expensive computers
• Tend to be complex
10. Types of Operating Systems
• Multi user/Multitasking OS
• Many users connect to one computer
• Each user has a unique session
• UNIX, Linux, and VMS
• Maintenance can be easy
• Requires a powerful computer
12. Providing a User Interface
• User interface
• How a user interacts with a computer
• Require different skill sets
13. Providing a User Interface
• Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Most common interface
• Windows, OS X, Gnome, KDE
• Uses a mouse to control objects
• Uses a desktop metaphor
• Shortcuts open programs or documents
• Open documents have additional objects
• Task switching
• Dialog boxes allow directed input
15. Providing a User Interface
• Command line interfaces
• Older interface
• DOS, Linux, UNIX
• User types commands at a prompt
• User must remember all commands
• Included in all GUIs
18. Running Programs
• Many different applications supported
• System call
• Provides consistent access to OS features
• Share information between programs
• Copy and paste
• Object Linking and Embedding
19. • The operating system provides a consistent interface between application
programs and the user.
• It is also the interface between those programs and other computer
resources such as memory a printer or another program.
• Programmers write computer programs with built in instructions called
system calls that request services from operating system.
20. Operating System Services:
• Saves the contents of files to a disk for permanent storage.
• Reads the contents of a file from disk into memory.
• Sends a document to the printer and activates the printer.
• Provides resources that let you copy or move data from one
document to another, or from one program to another.
• Allocating RAM among the running programs
• Recognizing keystrokes or mouse clicks and displaying
characters or graphics on the screen.
22. The operating system acts as an intermediaryThe operating system acts as an intermediary
between the software and the hardware.between the software and the hardware.
23. O.L.E. (Object Linking and
Embedding - data is copied from
one type of document and
embedded into another. The data
that is copied retains a link with
the original document.
24. Multitasking - means being
able to perform two or more
procedures at the same time--
such as printing a multipage
document, sending e-mail
over the Internet, and typing a
letter--all simultaneously.
25. Managing Hardware
• Programs need to access hardware
• Interrupts
• CPU is stopped
• Hardware device is accessed
• Figure 6A.14
• Device drivers control the hardware
26.
27. Interrupt Request (IRQ) -
used by the operating system
to send requests to use
memory and other hardware
devices attached to the
computer system.
28. Enhancing an OS
• Utilities
• Enhance OS capabilities.
• Provide services not included with OS
• Goes beyond the four functions
• Firewall, anti-virus and compression
• Prices vary
29. Enhancing an OS
• Backup software
• Archives files onto removable media
• Ensures data integrity
• Most OS include a backup package
• Many third party packages exist
31. Enhancing an OS
• Anti-virus software
• Crucial utility
• Finds, blocks and removes viruses
• Must be updated regularly
• McAfee and Norton Anti-Virus
32. Enhancing an OS
• Firewall
• Crucial utility
• Protects your computer from intruders
• Makes computer invisible to hackers
• Zone Labs is a home firewall
• Cisco sells hardware firewalls
33. Enhancing an OS
• Intrusion detection
• Often part of a firewall package
• Announces attempts to breach security
• Snort is a Linux based package
34. Enhancing an OS
• Screen savers
• Crucial utility for command line systems
• Prevents burn in
• Merely fun for GUI systems
• Screen saver decorates idle screens
Teaching Tip
File and folder storage is covered in chapter 6.
Teaching tip
It is true that multi-tasking operating systems are complex. However both XP and OS X make the multitasking process painless for the user.
Teaching tip
Multi-user Multitasking OS's are found on supercomputers, mainframes and minicomputers. Through Linux, a PC can also support user sessions and terminal connections.
Insider information
The first commercial GUI was the Xerox Star.
Teaching Tip
There are several types of dialog boxes. Any errors are displayed in a dialog box. This box is system modal - it requires a response before returning to the OS. Save and print boxes are application modal - The box must be dealt with before returning to the application. However, other OS tasks can be performed.
Teaching tip
Demonstrate the command line interface in Windows by running cmd. In the command line interface use ping and ipconfig as commands that cannot be run in the GUI.
Teaching tip
Most students have never encountered a link. I use MS Excel and MS Word to link. Create and save a simple spreadsheet in Excel. Copy the spreadsheet to the clipboard. Open MS Word and paste-link the spreadsheet. Save the MS Word document. Then change and save the spreadsheet in Excel. The word document is automatically updated.
Discussion point
The mouse uses an interrupt. Many users will move the mouse while waiting for the CPU to finish a task. What does moving the mouse do to the current process?
Teaching tip
Discuss what can happen when the wrong driver is installed on a computer.
Discussion point
With Windows XP and SP2, Microsoft has included a firewall and pop-up blocker both typically considered utility software. In the near future, the core services provided by an OS may include security features.
Teaching tip
Windows XP includes a firewall. Service pack 2 will turn this firewall on by default. To test your computer’s security visit www.grc.com and run the various Shields Up! tests