The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of operating systems from 1945 to the present. It discusses how operating systems have historically been tied to computer architecture and have progressed through generations that correspond to decades. It defines an operating system as the most important software that manages computer hardware resources and provides services to application software. The functions of an operating system include organizing hardware, giving users a way to communicate with the computer. Operating systems comprise software for kernel management, user interfaces, file systems, and more. Examples are given of different types of operating systems like GUI, multi-user, multiprocessing, and multitasking systems. Specific operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Unix are mentioned.

2. History of Operating Systems
• In 1945-1955 the operating systems was invented
• Historically operating systems have been tightly related to
the computer architecture.
• Operating systems have evolved through a number of
distinct phases or generations which corresponds roughly
to the decades.
• For ten years there has been a war between the operating
system of a PC and a Mac operating system.

3. General facts about Operating system
• It is the most
important program that runs
on a computer.
• It is a set of programs that
manage computer hardware
resources and provide
common services
for application software.
• It is a vital component of
the system software in a
computer system.

4. Definition
• The most important software
program on any computer. It
manages the computer's
memory, processes, and all of
its software and hardware. It
also allows you to
communicate with the
computer without knowing
how to speak the computer's
"language." Without an
operating system, a computer
is useless.

5. Functions of an Operating System
• Organize and manage computer hardware.
• Give the user the ability to
communicate with the computer

6. Parts of an Operating System
The operating system comprises a set of
software packages that can be used to
manage interactions with the hardware.
The following elements are generally
included in this set of software:
• The kernel, which represents the
operating system's basic functions such
as management of memory, processes,
files, main inputs/outputs and
communication functionalities.
• The shell, allowing communication
with the operating system via a control
language, letting the user control the
peripherals without knowing the
characteristics of the hardware used,
management of physical addresses, etc.
• The file system, allowing files to be
recorded in a tree structure.

7. Operating system types
As computers have progressed and developed so have the operating systems. Below is a basic list
of the different operating systems and a few examples of operating systems that fall into each of
the categories. Many computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the below
categories.
• GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons
and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse. See the GUI definition for a complete
definition. Below are some examples of GUI Operating Systems.
• System 7.x
• Windows 98
• Windows CE
• Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer
at the same time and different times. See the multi-user definition for a complete definition for
a complete definition. Below are some examples of multi-user operating systems.
• Linux
• Unix
• Windows 2000

8. Operating system types
• Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer
processor. Below are some examples of multiprocessing operating systems.
• Linux
• Unix
• Windows 2000
• Multitasking - An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at
the same time. Below are some examples of multitasking operating systems.
• Unix
• Windows 2000
• Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run
concurrently. Operating systems that would fall into this category are:
• Linux
• Unix
• Windows 2000

9. Operating Systems Software
• Different computer manufacturers use different operating
systems. Apple has specific operating systems. The most
common is Windows, which was developed by a company
named Microsoft.
• The operating systems can be of single user like Window
or multi-user like Solaris.

10. Some examples are :
• AmigaOS, AmigaOS 4
• FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD
• Linux
• Mac OS X
• Microsoft Windows
• OS/2
• Solaris
• Unix
• IBM VM/370, VM/BSEP,
VM/SEP, VM/XA, VM/ESA,
z/VM
• Google Chrome OS

11. VideoaboutOperatingSystems
•Itis a good idea about Buffalo Technology
because they are trying to get the very best
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12. Video about Operating Systems
An overview of the fundamental roles of the operating system
by Dr. Murphy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzVGL44eq9w