Erik Duval gave a presentation on open education in Leuven, Belgium on October 6, 2011. He discussed how open learning through open content and social learning can empower students by teaching them to solve problems using unknown technologies. Duval also emphasized imparting understanding and ways of thinking over memorization. He highlighted open educational resources and how innovation in education is difficult but important. Duval concluded by reiterating that open content and open learning are keys to the future of education.