Erik Duval gave a presentation on learning analytics for visualization and recommendation. He discussed how learning analytics can be used to track learner attention and display that data through visualizations. This allows learners and teachers to gain insight into the learning experience. Duval presented examples of dashboards and tools that visualize learner activities and link them to goals to promote self-reflection. He also discussed how recommendation systems can be improved using learning analytics data and federated search. However, Duval noted there are also dangers if too much data is collected without transparency and if users become trapped in "walled gardens" controlled by companies.