This document summarizes key aspects of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technology. OLEDs were first created in 1987 and have several advantages over other display technologies like LCDs, including faster response times, lower energy consumption, thinner displays, and wider viewing angles. The document describes the architecture of OLEDs including organic layers, substrates, and electrodes. It also discusses different types like passive matrix, active matrix, transparent, and foldable OLEDs. Current research is focused on improving efficiency and reducing manufacturing costs. OLED applications include TVs, phones, lighting, and future uses may include flexible and transparent displays.

1. OLED
Presented by
T.Spandana & R.G.Srujana
3rd year,E.C.E
SHRI SAI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

2. Contents
 Introduction
 What is OLED?
 Birth of OLED
 History
 Architecture of OLED
 How OLED works?
 Types of OLEDs
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Current, future scope
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 Imagine having high-definition TV
8O inches wide
less than a quarter inch thick
consume less power &
can be rolled up when u are not using
Is it possible??
Yes, it is possible by using OLED technology

4. Before technologies
 In this field first came the small LED displays (which can show
only the numeric contents)
 Then came heavy jumbo CRTs ,which are used till now.
the problem is they are very heavy, bulky, couldn’t carry them
form one place to other place.
 Next to CRTs LCDs came into existence. which are lighter in
weight compare to CRTs. the drawback in LCDs is the efficient
result is obtained only in some particular directions.

5. What is OLED?
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
An OLED is any light emitting diode (LED) which emissive
electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic
compounds.

6. Birth of OLED
First successfully created by Ching Tang and
Steve Van Slyke in 1987 at Kodak Labs.
First tests – very efficient, simple to make
Showed potential for displays

7. History
First developed in the early
1950s in France
 1960s-AC-driven
electroluminescent cells was
developed
 In 1987 Chin Tang and Van
Slyke introduced the first light
emitting diodes from thin
organic layers.
 In 1990 electroluminescence in
polymers was discovered.

8. Architecture of OLED
 Substrate:(clear
plastic, glass, foil) - The
substrate supports the
OLED.
 Anode(transparent):The
anode removes electrons
(adds electron "holes")
when a current flows through
the device.
 Cathode (may or may not be
transparent depending on
the type of OLED) - The
cathode injects electrons
when a current flows through
the device.

9.  Organic layer:
o Conducting layer-This layer is ma-
de of organic plastic molecules that
transport "holes" from the anode.
One conducting polymer used in
OLEDs is polyaniline.
o Emissive layer - This layer is made
of organic plastic molecules
(different ones from the conducting
layer) that transport electrons from
the cathode; this is where light is
made. One polymer used in the
emissive layer is polyfluorene.

10. How OLED works?

11. Types of OLEDs
 Passive-matrix OLED
 Active-matrix OLED
 Transparent OLED
 Top-emitting OLED
 Foldable OLED
 White OLED

12. Passive-matrix OLED
Perpendicular cathode/anode
strip orientation
Light emitted at intersection
(pixels)
External circuitry
•Turns on/off pixels
External circuitry
Large power consumption
•Used on 1-3 inch screens
•Alphanumeric display

13. Active-matrix OLED
Full layers of
cathode, anode, organic
molecules
Thin Film Transistor
matrix (TFT) on top of
anode
•Internal circuitry to
determine which pixels
to turn on/off
Less power consumed
then PMOLED
•Used for larger displays

14. Transparent OLED
Transparent
substrate, cathode and
anode
Bi-direction light emission
Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
Useful for heads-up
display
•Transparent projector
•Screen
•glasses

15. Top-emitting OLED
Non-transparent or
reflective substrate
Transparent Cathode
Used with Active Matrix
Device
Smart card displays

16. Foldable OLED
Flexible metallic foil or
plastic substrate
Lightweight and durable
Reduce display breaking
Clothing OLED

17. White OLED
 Emits bright white
light
 Replace fluorescent
lights
 Reduce energy cost
for lighting
 True Color Qualities

18. Advantages
 Much faster response time
 Consume significantly less
energy
 Able to display "True Black"
picture
 Wider viewing angles
 Thinner display
 Better contrast ratio
 Safer for the environment
 Has potential to be mass
produced inexpensively
 OLEDs refresh almost 1,000
times faster then LCDs

19. Disadvantages
 Lifetime
› White, Red, Green  46,000-230,000 hours
 About 5-25 years
› Blue  14,000 hours
 About 1.6 years
 Expensive
 Susceptible to water
 Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD market

20. Current Research for OLEDs
o Manufacturers focusing on
finding a cheap way to
produce
o "Roll-to-Roll"
Manufacturing
o Increasing efficiency of blue
luminance

21. Applications of OLEDs
 TVs
 Cell Phone screens
 Computer Screens
 Keyboards (Optimus
Maximus)
 Lights
 Portable Divice
displays

22. Future Uses for OLED
Lighting
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining new
ways to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as
a window
Cell Phones
• Nokia 888
Scroll Laptop
• Nokia concept OLED Laptop

23. Conclusion
 Research and development in the field of OLEDs is
proceeding rapidly .
 And this may lead to the future application in heads-
up displays, automotive dashboards, billboard type
displays, home and office lightings and flexible
displays .

24. THANK YOU

25. ?