The document introduces the concept of metadata as data that describes other data, and explains its importance for identification, description, and management of electronic resources. It discusses various metadata types, structures, and standards, including bibliographic metadata and Dublin Core, highlighting their roles in preservation and interoperability. Additionally, it outlines the functional requirements for metadata in recordkeeping and various projects associated with it.

1. Metadata: An Introduction By Wendy Duff October 13, 2001 ECURE

2. Metadata The term "meta" comes from a Greek word that denotes something of a higher or more fundamental nature. Metadata, then, is data about other data. The term refers to any data used to aid the identification, description and location of networked electronic resources

3. Defining Metadata Does data about data mean anything? Librarians equate it with a complete bibliographic record Information technologists equate it to database schema or definitions of the data elements Archivists include context information, restrictions and access terms, index terms, etc.

4. Bibliographic Metadata Providing a description of the information package along with other information necessary for management and preservation Encoding Providing access to this description Predominantly discovery and retrieval

5. Encoding Surrogate records are encoded by assigning tags, letter, or words Why encode? For display Provide access Integration of surrogate Management

6. Beyond Discovery and Retrieval Gilliland-Swetland (1998) explains “metadata also documents how that objects behaves, its functions and use, relationship to other objects and how it should be managed”.

7. Definition proposed by Cunningham Structured information that describes and/or allows us to find, manage, control, understand or preserve other information over time.

8. Different Communities ….Different Metadata Developers of the Interoperabilty of Data in E-Commerce Systems (indecs) ideintified metadata for protecting intellectual property rights of creators and publishers. The Research Library Group’s Working Group on Preservation Issues of Metadata identified metadata for “digital master files that have preservation-based intent”.

9. Metadata to Information Technologists The data that defines the data elements in a table Data that controls or explains other data Something that is not part of the bit stream of a record but needed to understand the data in the record One systems metadata is another systems data

10. Source of Metadata Automatically generated Supplied by creator of electronic resource Supplied by 3rd party

11. Dublin Core Metadata to improve information retrieval of internet resources Developed predominantly by the bibliographic community. Elements similar to bibliographic surrogate

12. Characteristics of Dublin Core Simplicity Semantic Interoperability International Consensus Extensibility Metadata Modularity on the Web

13. Dublin Core Elements Content Coverage Description Type Relation Source Subject Title Intellectual Property Contributor Creator Publisher Rights

14. Dublin Core Element Instantiation Date Format Identifier Language

15. Law Suits Over Metatags Playboy!

16. Resource Description Framework(RDF) RDF provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web

17. Metadata and XML Provides a means of encoding and exchanging metadata EAD, TEI, VERS

18. XML Example <?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot; standalone=&quot;yes&quot;?> <!DOCTYPE FAQ SYSTEM &quot;FAQ.DTD&quot;> <FAQ> <INFO> <SUBJECT> XML </SUBJECT> <AUTHOR> Lars Marius Garshol</AUTHOR> <EMAIL> larsga@ifi.uio.no </EMAIL> <VERSION> 1.0 </VERSION> <DATE> 20.jun.97 </DATE> </INFO> <PART NO=&quot;1&quot;> <Q NO=&quot;1&quot;> <QTEXT>What is XML?</QTEXT> <A>SGML light.</A> </Q> ...</PART> </FAQ>

19. Electronic Records Metadata Project Functional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping The SPIRT Metadata Project VERS GILS - and the AGLS OAIS InterPares

20. SPIRT Metadata Scheme

21. Open Archival Information Systems Figure 4‑12: Information Object Taxonomy

22. Preservation Description

23. Table 4‑1: Examples of PDI Types Content Information Type Reference Provenance Context Fixity Space Science Data  Object identifier  Journal reference  Mission, instrument, title, attribute set  Instrument description  Processing history  Sensor description  Instrument  Instrument mode  Decommutation map  Software interface specification  Calibration history  Related data sets  Mission  Funding history  CRC  Checksum  Reed-Solomon coding Digital Library Collections  Bibliographic description  Persistent identifier  For scanned collections:  metadata about the digitisation process  pointer to master version  For born-digital publications:  pointer to the digital original  Metadata about the preservation process:  pointers to earlier versions of the collection item  change history  Pointers to related documents in original environment at the time of publication  Digital signature  Checksum  Authenticity indicator Software Package  Name  Author/Originator  Version number  Serial number  Revision history  License holder  Registration  Copyright  Help file  User guide  Related software  Language  Certificate  Checksum  Encryption  CRC

24. InterPares Preservation Model

25. Metadata Facts to Remember Metadata does not have to be digital Metadata relates to more than the description of an object . Metadata can come from a variety of sources Metadata continue to accrue during the life of an information object or system . One information object's metadata can simultaneously be another information object's data . (Anne Gilliland-Swetland, Setting the Stage)

26. Developing Metadata Schemes Identify the purpose of the metadata model Level of specificity of the elements Identify resources Infrastructure - who will supply it? What type of information package is it? Who will use the metadata? Existing metadata models

27. Other Sources Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information. http://www.getty.edu/gri/standard/intrometadata/index.htm CLIR Reports http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/reports.html Digital Libraries: Metadata Resources http://www.ifla.org/II/metadata.htm Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) Metadata Standard. http://www.naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/gov_online/agls/summary.html

28. More Sources SPIRT Recordkeeping Metadata Project http://www.sims.monash.edu.au/rcrg/research/spirt/index.html www.archiefschool.nl/metadata