This document summarizes key concepts in occupational therapy including occupational performance areas, activities of daily living, productivity or work, play or leisure, and rest/sleep. It describes common occupational performance areas like grooming, bathing, dressing, feeding, medication routines, home management, care of others, educational activities, and vocational activities. The document also discusses performance contexts that can influence occupational performance, including physical, personal, cultural, social, and situational contexts.

2. Shamima Akter
BOT, MRS (enrolling)
Lecturer,
Department of Occupational Therapy
Bangladesh Health Professions Institute
Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed
Chapain, Savar
OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE
AREAS

3. Occupational Performance Area
Three Domains
1. Activities of daily living or self care
activities
2. Productivity or work
3. Play or leisure
4. Rest/ Sleep

4. Activities of Daily Living

5. Activities of daily living
 The typical life task required for self-care
and self- maintenance, such as
grooming, bathing, eating, dressing etc.

6. List of Activities of Daily Living
Grooming Health Maintenance
Oral hygiene Functional Mobility
Bathing Socialization
Toilet hygiene Functional Communication
Personal device care Community Mobility
Dressing Emergency Response
Self-feeding & Eating Sexual Expression
Medication routine

7. Grooming
Obtaining and using supplies; removing
body hair (use of razors, tweezers, lotions,
etc.); applying and removing cosmetics;
washing, drying, combing, styling, and
brushing hair; caring for nails (hands and
feet), caring for skin, ears, and eyes; and
applying deodorant.

9. Styling and Brushing hair

10. Caring of Nails

11. Applying and removing cosmetics

12. Oral Hygiene
Obtaining and using supplies; cleaning mouth;
brushing and flossing teeth; or removing,
cleaning, and reinserting dental orthotics and
prosthetics.

13. Oral Care

14. Dental Floss

15. Bathing/Showering
Obtaining and using supplies; soaping,
rinsing, and drying body parts; maintaining
bathing position; and transferring to and from
bathing positions.

17. Toilet Hygiene
Obtaining and using supplies; clothing
management; maintaining toileting position;
transferring to and from toileting position;
cleaning body; and caring for menstrual and
continence needs (including catheters,
colostomies, and suppository management).

18. Colostomies
Catheter

19. Personal Device Care
Cleaning and maintaining personal care
items, such as hearing aids, contact lenses,
glasses, orthotics, prosthetics, adaptive
equipment.

21. Prosthesis
(Artificial Limb)
Orthosis
(Supportive
device)

22. Adaptive equipment

23. Recognizing sudden, unexpected hazardous
situations, and initiating action to reduce the
threat to health and safety.
Emergency
Response

24. Emergency system

25. Emergency system

26. Engaging in desired sexual and intimate
activities
Sexual Expression

27. Dressing
Selecting clothing and accessories
appropriate to time of day, weather, and
occasion; obtaining clothing from storage
area; dressing and undressing in a sequential
fashion; fastening and adjusting clothing and
shoes; and applying and removing personal
devices, prostheses, or orthosis.

29. Feeding and Eating
Setting up food; selecting and using
appropriate utensils and tableware: cleaning
face, hands, and clothing; bringing food or
drink to mouth; sucking, masticating,
coughing, and swallowing; and management
of alternative methods of nourishment.

34. Swallowing Process

35. Medication Routine
Obtaining medication. Opening and closing
containers, following prescribed schedules,
taking correct quantities, reporting problems
and adverse effects, and administering correct
quantities by using prescribed methods.

37. Developing and maintaining routines for
illness prevention and wellness promotion,
such as physical fitness, nutrition, and
decreasing health risk behaviors
Health maintenance

39. Accessing opportunities and interacting with
other people in appropriate contextual and
cultural ways to meet emotional and physical
needs.
Socialization

41. Moving from one position or place to another,
such as in-bed mobility, wheelchair mobility,
transfers (wheelchair, bed, car, tub, toilet,
tub/shower, chair, floor). Performing functional
ambulation and transport objects.
Functional Mobility

43. Moving self in the community and using public
or private transportation, such as driving, or
accessing buses, taxi cabs, or other public
transportation systems.
Community Mobility

47. Using equipment or systems to send and
receive information, such as writing
equipment, telephones, typewriters,
computers, communication boards, call lights,
emergency systems, Braille writers,
telecommunication devices for the deaf, and
augmentative communication systems.
Functional
Communication

48. Telephones

49. Communication boards

50. Telecommunication devices for the deaf

51. Braille

52. Augmentative communication systems

53. Call lights

54. PRODUCTIVITY OR WORK

55. Productivity
Productivity refers to activities (both
paid or unpaid) that provide
services or commodities to others
such educational activities and job-
related activities.

56. 1. Home management
Clothing Care
Cleaning
Meal preparation and clean up
Shopping
Money management
Household maintenance
Safety procedures
2. Care of others
3. Educational activities
4. Vocational activities
Productivity

57. Obtaining and maintaining personal and
household possessions and environment.
Clothing Care
Cleaning
Meal preparation and clean up
Shopping
Money management
Household maintenance
Safety procedures
Home Management

58. Obtaining and using supplies; sorting,
laundering (hand, machine, and dry clean);
folding; ironing; storing; and mending.
Clothing Care

60. sorting

63. Mending

64. Obtaining and using supplies; picking up;
putting away; vacuuming; sweeping and
mopping floors; dusting; polishing; scrubbing;
washing windows; cleaning mirrors; making
beds; and removing trash and recyclables.
Cleaning

65. Picking Up Putting Away

66. Vacuuming
Sweeping & Mopping floors

67. Dusting
Scrubbing
Polishing

68. s
Washing windows
Cleaning mirror

71. Planning nutritious meals; preparing and
serving food; opening and closing containers,
cabinets and drawers; using kitchen utensils
and appliances; cleaning up and storing food
safely.
Meal Preparation & Clean
Up

81. Preparing shopping lists (grocery and other);
selecting and purchasing items; selecting
method of payment; and completing money
transactions.
Shopping

83. Budgeting, paying bills, and using bank
systems.
Money Management

86. Maintaining home, yard, garden, appliances,
vehicles, and household items.
Household
Maintenance

88. Knowing and performing preventive and
emergency procedures to maintain a safe
environment and to prevent injuries.
Safety Procedure

92. Providing for children, spouse, parents, pets,
or others, such as giving physical care,
nurturing, communicating, and using age
appropriate activities.
Care of Others

94. Participating in a learning environment
through school, community, or work-
sponsored activities, such as exploring
educational interests, attending to instruction,
managing assignments, and contributing to
group experiences.
Educational
Activities

97. Participating in work-related activities.
 Vocational exploration
 Job acquisition
 Work or job performance
 Retirement planning
 Volunteer participation
Vocational Activities

98. Determining aptitudes; developing interests
and skills, and selecting appropriate
vocational pursuits.
Vocational
Exploration

99. Identifying and selecting work opportunities,
and completing application and interview
processes.
Job Acquisition

101. Performing job tasks in a timely and
effective manner; incorporating necessary
work behaviors.
Work or Job
Performance

103. Determining aptitudes; developing interests
and skills; and selecting appropriate
avocational pursuits.
Retirement Planning

105. Performing unpaid activities for the benefit
of selected individuals, groups, or causes.
Volunteers
Participation

109. Play or Leisure Activity

110.  Play refers to activities freely undertaken
for their own sake; it includes exploring,
pretending, celebrating, engaging in
games or sports, and pursuing hobbies.
 Intrinsically motivating activities for
amusement, recreation, spontaneous
enjoyment, or self-expression.
Play or Leisure

113. Play or Leisure Exploration -Identifying
interests, skills, opportunities, and appropriate
play or leisure activities.
Play or Leisure
Exploration

115. Play or Leisure Performance -Planning and
participating in play or leisure activities.
Maintaining balance of play or leisure
activities with work and productive activities,
and activities of daily living. Obtaining,
utilizing, and maintaining equipment and
supplies.
Play or Leisure
Performance

117. Rest/ Sleep
 Rest, sleep, sleep preparation, and sleep
participation

118. PERFORMANCE AREA
 According to Occupational Therapy Practice
Framework (AOTA 2008, cited in Radomski, latham,
2013), Areas of occupations are:
• Activities of daily living
• Instrumental activities of daily living
• Rest & sleep
• Education
• Work
• Play
• Leisure
• Social preparation

119. Performance area
 Activities of Daily Living/ ADL— Care of one’s body
including bathing, showering, bowel and bladder
management, dressing, eating, self-feeding,
functional mobility, personal device care, personal
hygiene and grooming, sexual activity, and toilet
hygiene.
 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living/IADL—
Activities to support daily life in the home and
community including, care of others, child rearing,
care of pets, communication management,
community mobility, financial management, health
management and maintenance, home
establishment and management, meal preparation
and cleanup, religious observance, safety and

120. Continue…
 Rest and Sleep— Rest, sleep, sleep preparation, and
sleep participation
 Education — Participation in formal or informal
education; exploration of informal educational needs
or interests
 Work — Employment interests and pursuits,
employment seeking and acquisition, job
performance, retirement preparation and adjustment,
and volunteer exploration and participation
 Play — Play exploration and participation
 Leisure — Leisure exploration and participation
 Social preparation — Engaging in activities that result
in successful interaction at the community, family or

121. PERFORMANCE CONTEXT
 According to Occupational Functioning Model,
occupational performance contexts are:
 Physical
 Personal
 Cultural
 Social
 Situational

122. Performance Context
 Physical— Including the natural and built
environments, objects and utensils, and the
requirements that tools and utensils pose for use
 Personal— Including age, gender, activity history,
sense of competency, and spirituality
 Cultural— Including norms, values, beliefs, and
routines or rituals of the family, ethnic group,
community, or religious group
 Social— Including temporal demands of role tasks,
activities and habits; balance of activity types; and
balance of activity and rest
 Situational— Including circumstances related to the
setting or surroundings at a given moment

123. REFERENCE
 Trombly CA 1996, Occupational Therapy for
Physical Dysfunction, 5th ed, Mosby Company,
Philadelphia
 Radomski and Trombly-Latham 2008,
Occupational Therapy for Physical
Dysfunction (6th Ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott,
Williams and Wilkins.
 Radomski and Trombly-Latham 2014,
Occupational Therapy for Physical
Dysfunction (7th Ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott,
Williams and Wilkins.

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