Presentation about the different kinds of assistive devices and technology, acting as strong support for performing ADL and HAAT approach.

1. DEVELOPMENTOF ASSISTIVEDEVICESAND
TECHNOLOGYINACTIVITIESOFDAILYLIVING
RAVI RANJAN KUMAR
(OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPIST)
MOT(JAMIA HAMDARD) NEW
DELHI
BOT (NIOH)KOLKATA

2. Activities of Daily Living
• Daily living activities can be separated into two areas:
1. Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL)
2. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
• BADLs include self-care tasks such as bathing/showering, grooming
, toileting, bowel and bladder management, dressing/undressing,
feeding, functional mobility such as transfers and bed mobility,
sexual activity , and the care of personal devices such as hearing
aids, orthotics, and splints.
• IADL tasks include care of others and of pets; child rearing;
communication management such as use of telephones; use of
personal digital assistants and computers; community mobility such
as driving and use of public transportation; and financial
management, such as use of cash and cheque writing.

3. What is assistive technology
• Any item, piece of equipment, or product
system, whether acquired commercially off
the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used
to increase, maintain, or improve functional
capabilities of an individual with a disability.
• The goal of assistive technology (AT) is to
compensate for absent or impaired abilities
and enable occupational performance.

4. • The terms assistive technology, adaptive
equipment, and assistive devices are generally
used interchangeably.
• Adaptive equipment/devices—Equipment
designed to help persons with disabilities
compensate for functional limitations;
equipment ranges from simple, such as a long-
handled reacher for those unable to bend
over, to complex, such as computerized
environmental control systems.

5. HUMAN ACTIVITY ASSISTIVE
TECHNOLOGY MODEL (HAAT)
• The Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT)Model shows the
interrelationship between components and their interaction with the
Assistive Technology (AT) System.
• The Human Activity Assistive Technology Model (Cook & Hussey, 2002)
represents how AT devices help consumers to develop or return to
occupational functioning.
• The AT portion of the HAAT Model is also a system with four subsections:
1. the human-technology interface -The human technology interface is the
means of interaction between the person and the technology device.
2. the processor- The information is relayed to the processor via a
mechanical or electrical linkage that interprets or responds to create an
activity output.
3. the activity output- The activity output includes actions for which the
device is designed such as opening doors or writing text.
4. the environmental interface- The environmental interface adjusts the
output of the device in response to input from the environment.

6. Areas of application
• Assistive Technology enable accomplishing the
activities and tasks of occupations and roles.
• Assistive Technology can support:
self-maintenance
self-advancement
self-enhancement

7. Self maintenance
Activities of daily living includes activities of:
• Toileting
• Mobility
• Eating
• Bathing
• Dressing
• Grooming
• Communication

8. Self maintenance
• Technologies such as electric toothbrushes,and electric shavers can increase
competence with personal care ADL tasks. However, instrumental activities of daily
living (IADLs) clearly benefit from AT. Text telephones (TTY) formerly called
telecommunication device for the deaf [TDD] and hands-free or adapted
telephones enable calling paratransit organizations, shopping for groceries, and
ordering from catalogs over the telephone.
• Consumers with significant disabilities can manage their personal space (i.e.,
control lights, fans, or the volume on a TV or stereo) through the use of electronic
aids to daily living (EADLs).
• Mobility is a basic form of self-maintenance that clients give high ratings as a
necessity in everyday life. Universal design, an inclusive design concept, considers
the needs of a broad range of users creating people-friendly spaces that are safer
and easily modified for more severe impairment.
• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices substitute synthetic
or digitized speech when consumers are unable to speak or be understood by
vocal communication. AAC devices allow consumers who have been taught to use
them to socialize, call for assistance, direct caregivers, inform health care providers
about health issues, initiate plans for activities, and make food and clothing
choices.

9. Self advancement
• Assistive technology can enable self-advancement roles that range
from retirees participating in volunteer activities to employees
working at jobs or students attending school.
• Wheelchairs and scooters allow travel on ramped neighbourhood
sidewalks, commuting on public transportation, and access to
schools, stores, and workplaces with level, accessible entrances.
• Adapted computers enable listening to text, writing, accounting,
managing databases, desktop publishing, computer-aided design,
searching the Internet, phoning, faxing, and printing.
• AAC devices are an essential part of communication at school and
in the workplace. Making choices, demonstrating knowledge, asking
questions, forming peer relationships, and getting the job done all
occur because of communication.

10. Self enhancement
• Recreational choices often have symbolic meaning and
clearly reveal our interests and our tolerance for
challenge.
• Adaptive mobility devices introduced early to children
with motor impairments enable independent play and
exploration.
• Using EADLs to control home entertainment systems—
music, TV, and video—is also a common leisure activity.
• Internet allows previewing destinations, finding
accessible accommodations, and renting accessible
vans. With so many accessible facilities, even travelling
is now a form of recreation and play.

11. Picture elaboration of assistive technology

12. ADAPTATION
for
feeding

13. Adaptation in spoons
Adapted handle for easy holding and grip

15. Adapted knives, forks and spoon

17. Jug with bold handles on both sides

18. Adapted glass holder with straw

19. Adapted glass

20. Plate with plateguard attachment

21. Adapted bowl with guard and non skid mat

22. Adapted Glass with 2 Handles
Glass with spout with two handles for easy sipping

23. Adapted Straw Glass
Fused straw with plastic glass

25. ADAPTATION
IN
BATHING AREA

26. Bathing chair for showers and bathtubs

27. Adjustable bathtub

28. Bathing chair

29. Movable and adjustable chair for transfer to bathtub

31. Adjustable bathing chair

32. Mobile bathing chair with adjustable sitting mechanism

33. Long handled sponge for cleaning of narrow spaces of body with attached
brush

34. Soap dispenser and stringed soap for easy handling

35. ADAPTATION
IN
TOILETING AREA

36. Adjustable toilet seat

37. Lifting mechanism for transfer to toilet

38. Modified cubical for toileting

39. Modified toilet seat with adjustable height

42. Angulated long handled tissue holder for cleaning anal area

43. ADAPTATION
IN
DRESSING AREA

44. Adapted Salwar - Kameez
Salwar - Elastic band replacing salwar string.
Kameez - press buttons on shoulders to retain dupatta

45. Adaptation in Saree
Customized to wrap with velcro and press buttons on blouse

46. Adaptation in Saree Blouse
Press buttons on left shoulder to hold pallo in place

47. Adapted Shirt with press buttons
Press buttons on inside without disturbing shirt buttons

48. Adaptation in Shirt with velcro fastener replacing buttons

49. Trouser clips

50. pants with Velcro replacing fasteners buttons

51. Side opening shorts with velcro

52. Trousers with detachable length

53. Zip with long lace

54. Pants with side zip

55. Adaptation in zip

56. Inner with modified opening and push buttons

57. Adaptation in Undergarment
Customized Panty with elastic loops to hold a sanitary napkin

58. Adaptated Towel
Towel connected with plastic rings

62. Shoes with Velcro fasteners replacing bucklesses

63. AdaptedSlippers
Bindis on inner sides of bothfeet

64. Back-side open shoes

65. Clothing shoes for Wheelchair Users

66. ADAPTATION
IN
GROOMING AREA

67. Adapted Toothbrush
Handle withbells

72. Easy to open toothpaste dispenser

73. Adapted comb

74. Easy to press Nail Cutter

75. Aid for Braiding Hair
Woolen strings graduate to hair for practicing braiding

76. Long handled self inspection mirror

77. ADAPTATION
IN
FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY

83. Adapted table

85. Switch controlled bed

90. Assistive device for walking

91. ADAPTATION
IN
communication AREA

92. Large font sized keyboard

93. Adaptation for working on keyboard

95. Adaptation in keyboard

97. Assistive technology for visual impairment

99. Video Magnifiers
Enhanced
Vision Merlin
Freedom Scientific
Topaz
Optelec
Clearview

100. Adaptation in keyboard focussing on task

101. Task oriented communication board

103. Adaptation in wheelchair for holding mobile, books
etc.

104. Touch wall

106. Adaptation
in
teaching aid

107. Teaching Aid -Matching Objects
Items of daily use in 2 sets arranged in two different boxes for matching

108. Adaptation in Pencil
Rubber ball to facilitate tripod hold

112. Adaptation
in
Other house hold objects

113. Adaptation Recipe Book
Pictures of cooking ingredients with proportions shown in iconic form

114. Adaptations in key holders

115. References
• [edited by] Heidi McHugh Pendleton, Winifred Schultz-Krohn.
(2006). Pedretti's occupational therapy : practice skills for physical
dysfunction. St. Louis, Mo. :Mosby/Elsevier
• Pedretti, Lorraine Williams,, Pendleton, Heidi McHugh.Schultz-
Krohn, Winifred. (Eds.) (2013) Pedretti's occupational therapy
:practice skills for physical dysfunction St. Louis, Mo. : Elsevier
• Radomski, M. V., & In Latham, C. A. T. (2008). Occupational therapy
for physical dysfunction. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Willard, Helen S.Schell, Barbara A. Boyt. (Eds.) (2014) Willard &
Spackman's occupational therapy.Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• https://www.stroke-rehab.com/adaptive-equipment.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistive_technology