The document discusses malnutrition, hunger, and food security. It defines malnutrition as deficiencies or imbalances in nutrient intake, covering undernutrition and overnutrition. Hunger is defined as a physical discomfort from food shortage or lack of food. Food security exists when all people have access to sufficient nutritious food. The document notes that over 820 million people faced hunger in 2018, with Africa having the highest prevalence. It discusses causes of hunger like poverty, unequal income distribution, and climate change. Impacts include issues with cognitive and physical development as well as increased disease susceptibility. Ending hunger by 2030 will require ensuring year-round access to food, ending all forms of malnutrition, doubling small food producers' productivity and incomes, and

1. MALNUTRITION AND HUNGER
UHAP6013
SEMINAROFGLOBALDEVELOPMENT,ECONOMICAND
SOCIALISSUES
1 W W W . C O M P A N Y . C O M

2. “Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and
opportunities, a violation of human dignity” – United
Nations, 1998
• Lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society
• Not having enough to feed, to clothes, to go to school or
clinic etc.
• Insecurity, powerless and exclusion of individuals,
households and communities
• Susceptibility to violence
DEFINITION OF
POVERTY

3. MALNUTRITION
MALNUTRITION is define as excesses, deficiencies or
imbalance in a person’s intake of energy or nutrients
which will lead to severe health issues.
(Streit, 2018)
Covers 2 broad groups:
• Undernutrition (Wasting, stunting, underweight)
• Overnutrition (Obesity, overweight and diet-related
non-communicable diseases)
(World Health Organisation, 2016)
HUNGER
HUNGER defines a short-term physical discomfort as
a result of chronic food shortage, or in severe cases,
a life-threatening lack of food.
WORLD HUNGER refers to hunger aggregated to
the global level.
• Related terms include food insecurity and
malnutrition
• Limited or unreliable access to foods that are safe
and nutritionally adequate
(National Research Council, 2006)
DEFINITION OF MALNUTRITION
AND HUNGER

4. GLOBALIZATION AND
THE FOOD SYSTEM
PROS
• Access to global market through reduced trade barriers
• Greater variety and availability to food
• More convenient ways to transport food due to technological developments.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) help to create more employment opportunities for the locals.
CONS
• Increased competition in global market.
• Decreases food security at the local level
• Exploitation of host country’s resources by FDI’s
• FDIs such as fast food chains introduces an unhealthy diet to the locals

5. FOOD SECURITY
FOOD SECURITY exists when all people, at
all times, have physical and economic access
to sufficient safe and nutritious food that
meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.
(The Food and Agricultural Organization
of the United Nations, 2008)
PILLARS OF
FOOD SECURITY
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD
ACCESS TO FOOD
UTILIZATION OF FOOD
STABILITY OF FOOD

9. Europe & Central Asia – “The triple
burden of malnutrition” consisting of
undernutrition, overweight and
obesity, and micronutrient
deficiencies.
(Food & Agriculture
Organisation,2019)
Malaysia – The only member of
ASEAN with all three burdens of
malnutrition (obesity, stunting &
anaemia).
(The Star, 2019)
South Sudan – An estimated
43% of the population were
forecast to be severely food
insecure by the end of last
year, more than 1 million
children acutely malnourished
in 2018.
Liberia – One in three children
under age of 5 are stunted or
too short. This puts Liberia
become one of the 21
countries with the highest
stunting levels in the world.
(UNICEF, 2019)
MALNUTRITION
FACTS

11. IMPACTS OF
MALNUTRITION
Due to the above 3 points, the productivity of the people
affected will decrease, moreover, it will affect countrywide
development, and hence causing poverty which cycles
back to malnutrition.
Decreased
Immunity
Slows Down
PhysicalGrowth
Slows Down Mentality
Development

12. The global call addressing and eliminating
malnutrition in all its form continues to be
unheeded by national government and
their policymakers.
Global: A sustainable food system
components, processes and activities
Local: Implement effectively for Nutrition Policy
• Comprehensive nutrition plans
- National Plan of Action for Nutrition 1992,
2006,2016
• Other nutrition plans:
- Policy Options to Combat Obesity in
Malaysia (2016)
- Breastfeeding Policy (1992, revised in
2006)
• Nutrition in other plans:
- Health Strategic Plan (2016)
- Country Programme Action Plan (2016)
- Sustainable Consumption and
Production Blueprint (2016)
- MOH PDA 2016-2020
- NSP-NCDs 2016-2020
CHALLENGES TO
OVERCOME
MALNUTRITION

14. Poverty is the principal cause of hunger. The causes of poverty
include lack of resources, unequal income distribution in the world
and within specific countries, conflict and hunger itself.
Hunger is also a cause of poverty, and thus hunger, in a cyclical
relationship.
3 MAIN CAUSES of hunger as pointed out by FAO, WFP & EU are:
• Political Instability
• Food and Agricultural Policy
• Climate Change
CAUSES OF
HUNGER

15. IMPACTS OF
WORLD HUNGER
Causes issues in
cognitive
development of a
child significantly
resulting in a poor
academic
performance
Weakens the
immune system
making a person
more susceptible
to disease
Loss of human
capital, hence
Government has
to spend more on
health care
SOCIAL HEALTH
ECONOMICAL

16. STATE OF FOOD
SECURITY AND
NUTRITION IN THE
WORLD 2019
More than 820 MILLION PEOPLE in
the world were still hungry in 2018,
underscoring the immense challenge
of achieving the Zero Hunger target
by 2030
Hunger is on the rise in almost all
AFRICAN SUBREGIONS, making Africa
the region with the highest prevalence of
undernourishment.

17. WITH HUNGER LIMITING HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT, WE WILL NOT BE
ABLE TO ACHIEVE THE OTHER
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS
GOALS SUCH AS EDUCATION,
HEALTH AND GENDER EQUALITY
ZERO HUNGER:
WHY DOES IT
MATTER?
TO END HUNGER,
ACHIEVE FOOD
SECURITY AND
IMPROVED NUTRITION
AND PROMOTE
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE

18. GOAL 2 TARGETS BY
2030 TO END HUNGER
END hunger and ensure access by all
people, in particular the poor and people
vulnerable situations, including infants,
to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all
year round
END all forms of malnutrition, including
achieving and address the nutritional
needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and
lactating women and older persons
DOUBLE the agricultural productivity
and incomes of small-scale food
producers, including through secure and
equal access to land, other productive
resources and inputs for value addition
and non-farm employment
ENSURE sustainable food production
systems and implement resilient
agricultural practices that increase
productivity and production

19. Thanks.

20. DISCLAIMER:
THE PRESENTATION IS
INTENDED FOR
EDUCATIONAL
PURPOSES ONLY AND
DOES NOT REPLACE
INDEPENDENT
PROFESSIONAL
JUDGEMENT.
STATEMENTS OF FACT
AND OPINION.
AND ALSO, THANK YOU FROM US;
ASSIF SHAMIM BIN MUSTAFFA @ SULAIMAN
NOOR KHAIRUL IDHAM BIN NORDIN
MOHAMMAD ZUL FITRI BIN ZALANI
DARREN DAMIAN
LEE YOU HAN
TAN WEE HUATSpecial Thank You to
Associate Prof
Dr Norhani Bakri.