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Food security in world 2050
- 1. PRAMOD S A Jr.MSc. PALB-9304 Submitted to: Dr. K.M. HARINI KUMAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY GKVK,UAS, BENGALURU. FOOD SECURITY IN WORLD(2050)
- 4. FOOD SECURITY Food securityis defined as the availability of food and one's access to it. A household is considered food secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation.
- 6. Why is foodsecurity such a major global challenge? Everybody needs food. We require a substantial increase of global food production of 70 percent by 2050
- 7. Hunger in numbers The latest available estimates indicate that about 821 million people in the world were undernourished in 2018. One in nine people do not get enough food to be healthy and lead an active life. It is estimated that over 2 billion people do not have regular access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food. Hunger and malnutrition are biggest risks to health worldwide greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined.
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- 10. The worldpopulation is projected to grow by 34 percent from 7.8 billion today to 9.1 billion in 2050. By 2050 more than 70 percent of the world's population is expected to be urban. Currently, one billion people cannot even satisfy their basic needs in terms of food energy. Rising Population
- 13. Rising incomes, changingdiets Today, with incomes rising fast in emerging economies, there are at least 3 billion people moving up the food chain toward Westernized diets. As people become more affluent they start eating food that is richer in processed foods, meat and dairy. They consume more grain-intensive livestock and poultry products.
- 15. Climate change Currently,40% of the world’s landmass is arid, and rising temperatures will turn yet more of it into desert. At current rates, the amount of food we’re growing today will feed only half of the population by 2050. The generation of farmers now on the land is the first to face manmade climate change. Australia’s bush fire burned 11 million hectare of forest and park area across Australian states and territories.
- 18. More foodless days The world is in transition from an era dominated by surpluses to one defined by scarcity. In Nigeria, 27% of families experience foodless days. In India, it is 24%; in Peru, 14%. Not eating at all on some days is how the world’s poorest are coping with the doubling of world grain prices since 2006.
- 19. Water scarcity InIndia some 190 million people are being fed with grain produced by over pumping groundwater. Water supply is now the principal constraint on efforts to expand world food production. 28% of agriculture lies in water-stressed regions. ¾ world’s water consumption is used for irrigation and agriculture. UN predicts irrigation demands will increase 50-100% by 2025. In 2050, we’ll need twice as much water.
- 21. Increasing soil erosion Nearly a third of the world’s cropland is losing topsoil faster than new soil is forming. This reduces the land’s inherent fertility. Future food production is also threatened by soil erosion.
- 22. Flattening yields Afterseveral decades of raising grain yields, farmers in the more agriculturally advanced countries are facing a plateauing of yields. Yields of wheat, the world’s other food staple, are also plateauing in the more agriculturally advanced countries. Having maximized productivity, farmers ran into the inherent limits of photosynthesis and could no longer increase the amount they could harvest from a given plot.
- 23. What can wedo to better Ensure food security?? With the global population expected to reach 9+ billion by 2050, people are asking how we can best address the nature and scale of the challenges that lie ahead.
- 24. Close the yieldgap By 2050, 120 million hectares of natural habitats will be converted to farming in developing countries, the World Wildlife Fund estimates. Closing the gap between what is being produced and what could be produced would both reduce the need to clear land for agriculture and feed 850 million people. It clearly says that we need to improve our productivity than our production.
- 26. Raise low waterproductivity Improving irrigation systems and planting crops that use less water would be an effective way to tackle this. For example, rice and sugarcane are among the crops that need the most water. But it’s not simple to change the types of crops grown since farmers make decisions of what to grow based on market values. One way to encourage change would be to provide economic incentives.
- 27. Balance food andnutritional security. Until recently, attention has been focused on investment in research of the traditional staple crops — maize, rice and wheat — to tackle hunger. But it is now widely accepted that we must go beyond calorie intake and look at the nutritional balance of the crops grown and consumed. A better balance between the research and development of staple crops and horticultural crops — fruit, legumes and vegetables — is the obvious key to alleviating malnutrition.
- 28. Support farmersin growing new varieties and different crop mixes. Animals, fish and poultry are also valuable sources of protein, vitamins and fatty acids. Help farmers improve soil health, are also crucial, since better quality seeds and soil lead to better quality produce.
- 29. Stop the spreadof non-native invasive species. The spread of non-native invasive species has been largely positioned as a threat to biodiversity, and has received relatively little attention in relation to food production. The introduction of invasives poses a threat to agriculture. Invasive species cost the world economy around $1 trillion every year and must be tackled at an international level if we are to address food security effectively.
- 30. Fall armyworm hasthe ability to destroy hundreds of acres of cultivation overnight.
- 31. Create careers inagriculture for young people and women. Supporting young people and women in agriculture is not a new challenge, but does need refreshed attention. Nurturing young people’s careers in agriculture so that they become part of an effective, efficient and sustainable food production system is a much needed part of safeguarding long-term food security. Creating an environment that lets them put information into practice and establish livelihoods in agriculture is important.
- 33. Reduce food waste Globally, 30-50 percent of food production goes to waste because of inefficient preparation or inadequate storage facilities. Reducing food waste in the United States, India and China could feed 413 million people per year. Food waste isn’t just expensive, it’s also damaging the environment. If food waste was a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases behind the USA and China.
- 35. UN agencies workingfor food security World Food Programme world’s largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security. The WFP strives to eradicate hunger and malnutrition. Reduce under-nutrition and break the inter-generational cycle of hunger. Zero Hunger in 2030. Support food security and nutrition and (re)build livelihoods in fragile settings and following emergencies. https://youtu.be/waBOB4Fjvh8
- 36. Zero Hunger Programme(2030) Zero Hunger – pledges to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030, and is the priority of the World Food Programme. Every day too many men and women across the globe struggle to feed their children a nutritious meal. One in nine still go to bed on an empty stomach each night, one in three suffer from some form of malnutrition. Not enough or the wrong food cause suffering and poor health, they also slow progress in many other areas of development like education and employment.
- 37. In Indiathis programme is in support with India's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger by the year 2030 and also the government's plan to deal with issue of malnutrition through various other initiatives under its goal to make India malnutrition free by the year 2022. The Zero Hunger Programme includes many farming organizations that will be focusing on nutrition, setting up genetic gardens for biofortified plants and initiation of 'Zero Hunger' training. The genetic garden will help grow biofortified plants containing germplasm of naturally biofortified crops through plant breeding with extra nutritional values. These crops and plants will be vital for India to supplement micro-nutrient deficiencies, including iron, zinc, vitamin A and iodine among many others.
- 38. Five steps towardsZERO HUNGER Put the furthest behind first - To realize the full potential of our globalized economy, national governments must expand social protection schemes for the most vulnerable. Pave the road from farm to market - Access to affordable, nutritious food for everyone all 7 billion of us is vital. We must innovate and invest in making our supply chains more efficient by developing sustainable durable markets. Reduce food waste - About one third of the food we produce each year is lost or wasted, costing the global economy nearly US$ 1 trillion annually. Encourage a sustainable variety of crops - Today across the globe, four crops (rice, wheat, corn and soy) represent 60 percent of all calories consumed. Addressing the challenges of climate change, and food availability and food access will require helping farmers explore and identify a more diverse range of crops.
- 39. Make nutritiona priority, starting with a child’s first 1000 days - Nothing is more important to the development of a child than good health and nutrition, particularly in the first 1000 days (from conception through to the age of two). To prevent stunting and to promote healthy development, we must ensure that children and nursing mothers have access to the required nutritious foods.
- 40. World Bank Investmentin agriculture and rural development to boost food production and nutrition is a priority for the World Bank Group. The World Bank Group works with partners to improve food security and build a food system that can feed everyone, everywhere, every day. Activities include encouraging climate-smart farming techniques and restoring degraded farmland, breeding more resilient and nutritious crops and improving storage and supply chains for reducing food losses. https://youtu.be/xTH4WjHJvXE?t=19
- 41. The Food andAgriculture Organization Achieving food security for all is at the heart of the efforts of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Its main purpose is to make sure people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives. Its three main goals: 1. The eradication of hunger. 2. Food insecurity and malnutrition. 3. The elimination of poverty and the driving forward of economic and social progress for all. https://youtu.be/wYxMwaTB_AQ
- 42. International Fund forAgricultural Development Has focused exclusively on rural poverty reduction. IFAD helps developing countries to eliminate poverty, hunger and malnutrition, raise their productivity and incomes, and improve the quality of their lives. IFAD has supported about 483 million poor rural people over the past four decades. https://youtu.be/QunPvPhsyvQ
- 43. Impact of COVID-19on food security
- 44. To containthe spread of COVID-19, countries around the globe have enforced lockdowns or shelter in place. In such a critical situation, human beings try their best that they do not run out of food supplies. They rush to grocery stores to secure as much food supply as possible, which puts the food and agriculture industry under enormous pressure. While lockdowns have led to a collapse in demand for durable goods and discretionary services, the opposite is true of food. In cities around the world, reports of panic buying and food hoarding have proliferated since the pandemic began. Covid might have the world staring at a major food crisis
- 45. Covid-19 isamplifying the risk of a worldwide food-price spike, which would trigger outright crises in many developing countries. A jump in food prices would drive a bigger wedge between the rich and poor. The pandemic is disturbing the food market equilibrium by disrupting the supply chain. It is affecting both the supply side and the demand side. On the demand side, the impact of COVID-19 on global food security is even worse. The factors which are mainly contributing to worsening the situation are individuals’ behaviour and loss of purchasing power. “Today, the problem is not a problem of food availability, the problem today is of food access,”
- 47. Even beforethe pandemic, there were signs that global food prices could soon surge. More recently, the worst locust blight in 70 years has destroyed crops in East Africa. In Kenya, the price of maize, a staple food, has risen by over 60% since 2019. India Suffers Biggest Locust Attack in 25 Years, With estimations saying crops were affected in more than 3.5 lakh hectares in various districts of Rajasthan and Gujarat, the damage caused by locust attacks in 2019-20 is believed to be one of the worst in India.
- 50. References R. Quentin Grafton& Carsten Daugbjerg & M. Ejaz Qureshi, Towards food security by 2050, Food Sec. (2015) 7:179–183 DOI 10.1007/s12571-015-0445-x www.fao.org/.../How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050 www.ifpri.org/publication/food-security-farming https://www.treehugger.com/sustainable- agriculture/5-ways-improve-global-food- security.html https://www.theglobalist.com/global-food-security- 10-challenges/
- 51. YOUTUBE VIDEO LINKS https://www.youtube.com/redirect?v=gjtIl5B1zXI&event=vide o_description&redir_token=ywGE16FXt6WVoZ6BaPGTXuk 4W- V8MTU4OTQ0NTYyOEAxNTg5MzU5MjI4&q=http%3A%2 F%2Fccafs.cgiar.org%2Fcommission%2Freports%2F https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=k1eQpWCql- Dv3MN03G_ylc7rMmZ8MTU4OTQ0NjMxOUAxNTg5MzU5 OTE5&event=video_description&v=raSHAqV8K9c&q=http %3A%2F%2Fwww.feedingninebillion.com www.wur.eu/foodsecurity
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