Nursing is described as an autonomous and collaborative care given to all individuals irrespective of their ages, families, groups and communities whether they are sick or well and in every settings. Basically, nursing involves the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of the ill, physically challenged and people who are dying. Purpose: The purpose of this webinar is to create more awareness on the fact that the nursing profession is a noble one which transcends gender. In essence, nursing does not belong to one particular gender but cuts across all genders - this implies that nursing is not the exclusive preserve of the female gender as many may think but that males too are involved in nursing. This awareness will hopefully help address issues of overt gender discrimination in the profession thereby promoting a healthy work space for all.

1. NURSING BEYOND GENDER
BY
MUHAMMAD BILAL HUSSAIN

2. •Definition of nursing by:
WHO(World Health Organization)
ICN( International Council for Nursing)
•The founder of Modern Nursing
•History of Nursing
Islam and Nursing
Christianity and Nursing
•Nursing in Mughal period
•Men in nursing
•Some nursing heroes and their contribution
•Types of Nursing Educational Programs
•References
CONTENTS
Introduction to Nursing
Beyond Gender

3. 3
OBJECTIVES
After this session the participantents will be able to know the
following
What is nursing by World Health Organization
Definition of Nursing By International Council Of Nursing
General history of nursing
Founder of Modern Nursing
History of male nursing
Contributions of famous male nurses in the history
:
Types of Nursing Education programs

4. I oNursing is an inherently human experience it is done for humans, by
humans, and as humans, and in human experience no one gender
claims primacy. Men have had, and continue to have, a valuable
contribution to make to nursing, not simply because they are male but
because they are human. Men enter the profession for the same
reason as women to care for people.
Approximately 27 million men and women make
up the global nursing and midwifery workforce.
This accounts for nearly 50% of the global
health workforce
Nurses and midwives are central to Primary Health Care and are
often the first and sometimes the only health professional that
people see and the quality of their initial assessment, care and
treatment is vital. They are also part of their local community
sharing its culture, strengths and vulnerabilities and can shape
and deliver effective interventions to meet the needs of
patients, families and communities
INTRODUCTION

5. 5
Nursing Defined by International
Council of Nursing:
• The nurse is a person who has completed a program
of basic, generalized nursing education and is
authorized by the appropriate regulatory authority to
practice nursing in his/her country. Basic nursing
education is a formally recognised programmed of
study providing a broad and sound foundation in the
behavioural, life, and nursing sciences for the
general practice of nursing, for a leadership role,
and for post-basic education for specialty or
advanced nursing practice.
Definition of Nursing by
WHO
Nursing encompasses autonomous
and collaborative care of individuals
of all ages, families, groups and
communities, sick or well and in all
settings. It includes the promotion of
health, the prevention of illness, and
the care of ill, disabled and dying
people.

6. 6
The founder of Modern Nursing
• Florence Nightingale (May 12, 1820 - August 13,
1910)
• She was English reformer, statistician and the
founder of modern nursing.
• Nightingale came to prominence while serving as
a manager and trainer of nurses during
the Crimean War , in which she organized care
for wounded soldiers at Constantinople.
• She became Icon of Victorian culture by giving
nursing favorable reputation.

7. 7
“ The Lady with the Lamp”
• She is also referred as "The Lady with the
Lamp”
• In 1860, she laid the foundation of professional
nursing with the establishment of her nursing
school at St Thomas' Hospital London. It was
the first secular nursing school in the world.
• Annual International Nurses Day is celebrated on
her birthday

8. Roman Empire
After 300 BC they built them self with the work of Greece and
Egyptian.
They advance their work more and known as best in public health.
Believe health can be restored by God.
Two classes Patricians (upper class) and Plebicians (Lower class).
Organized group and funded monasteries and hospitals.
India
They mostly hired male staff for work
They work on four major components knowledge, devotedness,
cleverness and purity.
First civilizations were highly developed 1500 BC.
The first master’s degree course, two year postgraduate program was
begun in 1960 at college of nursing Delhi.

9. Christianity
Women begin nursing as an expression of Christianity( Act of mercy)
Christianity brings the clear role of Nursing in modified way.
Women work in care of sick people and male contribute themselves in to
buried the dead people.
Fabiola started the first public hospital in Rome.

10. Middle Ages
Established the first educational program to be
affiliated with a religious nursing order with care
provided by monks and nuns.
More hospital were built and Nursing role became
more prominent.
The Eastern Orthodox Church had established
many hospitals in the middle east.
Nursing care was controlled by catholic church.
Known as Dark Ages – intellectual progress nearly
halted.

11. Fifteenth to Nineteenth Century
• The Eastern Orthodox Church had established many hospitals in
the middle east, but following the rise of Islam from the 7th
century.
• Increased in population in cites with more hygiene and sanitation
leads to sever health problems.
• Society changes were forming a great effect on health care system

12. Nursing in Mughal period
• Emperor Akbar went through many vicissitudes in his life
and probably the most cumbersome was the presence and
activities of his wet-nurse or foster mothers known in the
Mughal world as ‘angas’.
• Maham Anaga was the governess of Emperor Akbar. As the
word ‘Anaga’ means nurse.
• Maham Anga (died 1562) was the chief nurse of the Mughal
emperor Akbar from 1560 to 1562.

13. Islam and Nursing
Islamic traditions include sympathy for and responsibility
toward those in need.
Rufaida Al- Aslamia introduced nursing in Muslim world
1’200 Years before.
Rufaida Al- Aslamia was recognized for her work in
medical and social circle.
She was the first female Muslin Nurse.
She was amoug first people in Madinah to accept Islam.
She contributed with other ansar women to welcome
Muhammad ( peace be upon him) on arrival in mdinah

14. Pre-Islamic and Islamic Era
(570–632 AD)
• Rufiada Al- Aslamia’s father, Saad Al-
Aslami, was a physician and mentor. She
initially obtained clinical experience from
her father. Then deovoted herself to
nursing.
• she practiced her skills in field hospital in
her tent during many battles.
• When Saad Ibn Muaath was injured in the
battle of Al-Khandaq ( The Trench) , Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) ordered
that he be placed and treated in her tent.

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Early History of Male Nursing
.
The early history of nursing clearly accepts that a place
and role for male nurses was existing in the form of
monastic movement, dating back
as early as the fourth and fifth centuries, indicate that men
provided some form of nursing care and protection to the
sick, wounded and dying as members of various religious
The Knights of St John of
Jerusalem who defended Jerusalem during the crusades,
later
provided protection to travelling pilgrims and also built
hospitals and castles across Europe
that served as both
lodgings for pilgrims and places to nurse the sick (Bedford &
Holbeche 1902).
orders.

16. 16
Early History Of Men In Nursing
The first nursing school in the world included men only and
started as far back as 250 BC in India. Male nurses cared for
troops during the Crusades in the 11th century and by 1870 it
was still men that “staffed field hospitals” in the Franco
Prussian War, .
..
Traditionally the monastic movement
with the foundation of St. Anatomies in 1905 had nursed the
suffers of erysipelas (St Anthony’s fire) and the mentally ill, the
Knight Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem founded in 1200 and
the Knights of Lazarus founded in 1490 to care for lepers

17. 17
First male Nursing class
Scenography
Male-nurses-Hackney-Hospital

18. 18
World War 1 & Role of Male
Nurses
.
During World War I male nurses
served on the frontline, helping the
injured. But, though holding the
same training and diplomas as their
female equivalents, they were known
as “orderlies” and were paid about
half of what women were .
In 1919, the Nurse Registration Act was passed,
When the war 1 ended, many male nurses opted to
try and take up nursing jobs as they returned to
civilian life. Due to a nursing shortage at the time,
the government encouraged the recruitment of men
into both mental and general nursing aspects of the
profession which saw legal recognition granted to male
nurses

19. 19
Role of Male Nurses in World War 2
However, the segregation between male and female nurses
changed during World War II when they were brought together
by the armed forces and worked together successfully
By the beginning of World War Two there were 528
men registered, less than 0.5% of all general
nurses. Roughly an equal amount came from
civilian hospitals and the armed services. In
addition to the army, navy and prison service,
approved training schools increased to about 10
by 1940, then 90 by 1947, but the number of men
registering remained low.

20. 20
First Nursing Registration Reformed Act
Nurses’ Registration Act of 1919, the General Nursing Council for England
and Wales published its first register in September 1922. There was a
general register, reserved for women, and supplementary parts for male,
mental (male and female), children’s and fever nurses.
The existence of a supplementary register for male nurses was
surprisingly uncontroversial given that many nursing reformers had set
out to create an occupation exclusively for women. In 1898 Ethel Gordon
Fenwick, the leading campaigner for nurse registration, told a conference
of matrons that if the public wanted trained male nurses they would have
them. Indeed, there was high demand for suitably trained men to care for
male patients with physical illnesses.

21. 21
The first register contained the names of 15 men and a further
nine were added before the end of 1922. Nearly 10,000 female
general nurses registered at the same time. The first male state
registered nurse (SRN) was George Dunn of Liverpool who, like
19 other men in this first cohort, had trained in the Royal Army
Medical Corps (RAMC). Of these, two had been trained in
hospitals in India and one in Malta. The four civilian nurses were
all trained at the Hackney Union Infirmary in London.

22. 22
First Six Male Notable Nurses In the History

23. 23
St. Camillus de Lellis is more than just
the patron saint for nurses. In fact, he’s
one of the first male nurses of the
profession.
In 1955, 2nd Lt. Edward T.
Lyon became the very first
male nurse to be
commissioned in the Army
Nurse Corps in the US as a
reserve officer. He was a nurse
anesthetist before he began
active duty four days after his
commissioning, joining over
3,500 commissioned women in
the service.
Joe Hogan’s story is
fascinating in that it tells the
story of one male nurse’s fight
for equal rights.
In the late 1970’s, Joe Hogan,
an African-American nurse,
was already working as a
supervisor in a community
hospital

24. 24
Luther Christman had his
own experiences of
discrimination during his
career. One of his earliest
experiences was being
denied admission to two
different nursing programs
just because of his gender.
Although he was granted
permission to study
at Pennsylvania Hospital
School of Nursing
Russell Tranbarger is another
male nurse who successfully
secured a position in the Army
Nurse Corps by serving as a
medical surgical nurse.
James Derham was born as a slave.
He served under several doctors in
Pennsylvania, where he learned a
lot of skills. Although he was never
formally taught, his experience in
assisting doctors gave him enough
insights to work as a nurse and pay
himself off of slavery.

25. Types of Nursing Educational Programs
1 2 3 4 5 6
Nursing
Diploma and
associated
degree in
nursing
(AND)
program
Bachelor of
science in
nursing (BSN)
program
Master of
science in
nursing
(MSN)
program
Family Nurses
practitioner
(FNP) program
Midwifery
program
Doctor of
nursing
practice
(DNP)
and Ph.D.

26. Resources
Books:
KOZIER AND ERBS Fundamentals of Nursing Text Book
Potter And Perry Fundamentals Of nursing Text Book
History by Community Health Nursing By Bassanpthapa
Research Journals;
Journal of advance Nursing 1997-2004(
 NURSING AND HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND POLICY
Men nurses: a historical and feminist perspective
Joan Evans PhD RN
Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Men in nursing: issues of gender segregation and
hidden advantage
Joan Evans RN MN
Doctoral Student, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Magazines
Nursing history: the first male nurses by Royal College Of Nurses
Websites:
• WHO | World Health Organization
• https://www.who.int
• National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health
• https://www.nlm.nih.gov
• National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health
• https://www.nlm.nih.gov

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