Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 in Italy and heard a calling from God at a young age to do His work, though she did not yet know what that work would be. She received nursing training in Germany and upon returning to England became the Superintendent of an establishment for nursing the ill. When the Crimean War broke out, Nightingale was appointed to oversee the introduction of nurses to military hospitals in Turkey. There, through sanitary reforms and improved care, she reduced the mortality rate from 42% to 2%. After the war, Nightingale established the first nursing school in 1860 to train nurses and raise nursing to a respectable profession. Her lifelong work through extensive writings and campaigns improved global health standards and

1. The Lady with
the Lamp
Florence Nightingale
(12/5/1820 – 13/8/1910)
Prof Wilma Valsalan
Vice Principal
P D Hinduja College of Nursing

2. Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May
1820 and was named Florence after the city where she
was born. Her parents, William Edward and Frances
Nightingale were a wealthy couple with homes at Lea
Hurst in Derbyshire, and at Embley in Hampshire.
She had an older sister named Parthenope.
Early Years

3. Florence was an academic child who grew up to be a
lively and attractive young woman. She was admired in
the family's social circle and was expected to make a
good marriage, but Florence had other concerns. In
1837, whilst in the gardens at Embley, Florence had
what she described as her 'calling'. Florence heard the
voice of God calling her to do His work, but at this
time she had no idea what that work would be.
Call From God

4. Florence developed an interest in the social questions of the day, made visits to
the homes of the sick in the local villages and began to investigate hospitals
and nursing.
On a tour of Europe with friends, she visited Pastor Theodor Fliedner's
Hospital and School for Deaconesses at Kaiserswerth near Dusseldorf, in 1850.
She went back to Kaiserswerth for three months of training in Nursing and on
her return she became the Superintendent of the Establishment for
Gentlewomen during illness, at No. 1 Harley Street, London in 1853.
Induction into Nursing

5. The Crimean War
In March 1854 Britain, France and Turkey declared war on Russia.
Reports in The Times criticized the British medical facilities for the wounded.
Ms. Florence Nightingale was appointed to oversee the introduction of female
nurses to military hospitals in Turkey.
She arrived at Barrack Hospital Scutari, with 38 nurses on 4 November
1854.

6. Ms. Nightingale arrives at
The Barrack Hospital, Scutari

7. Attending
to the wounded
Barracks Hospital,
Scutari

8. As the 'Lady-in-Chief', Florence introduced
sanitary reforms in wards, improved the diet of soldiers, provided linen and
other equipment, wrote home on behalf of the soldiers, acted as a banker-
sending the men's wages home to their families, added reading rooms to the
hospital & repaired the building and the sewage disposal system.

9. The Lady with the Lamp
Mortality down from
42% to 2%
at Scutari

10. Florence Nightingale's greatest achievement was to raise
nursing to the level of a respectable profession for women. In
1860, with the public subscriptions of the Nightingale Fund,
she established the Nightingale Training School for nurses at
St Thomas' Hospital.
Nightingale Training School for Nurses

11. Mrs Sarah Wardroper, Matron at St Thomas', became the Head of the
new School.
The probationer nurses received a year's training which included some
lectures but was mainly practical ward work under the supervision of
the ward sister. "Miss Nightingale", as she was always called by the
nurses, scrutinized the probationers' ward diaries and reports.

12. Principles of Ms Nightingale‘s School Of Nursing
Nurses should have practical training in a hospital set up for that purpose.
A nurse must direct nursing education.
Nurses should live in a ‘home’ fit to form their moral character and discipline.
Education is necessary for a nurse because she must know ‘ the reason why’ if she
is to teach others. Theory and practice must be correlated.
The school should be economically independent.

13. Ms Nightingale With Her Student Nurses

14. Ms. Nightingale continue to
work relentlessly to raise
the standard of nursing. In
her later years, even
bedridden, she campaigned
tirelessly to improve health
standards, publishing 200
books, reports and
pamphlets. In recognition of
her hard work Queen

15. In her old age she received many honours, including the Order of Merit (1907),
becoming the first woman to receive it. Florence Nightingale died at home at
the age of 90 on 13 August 1910 and was buried at St
Margaret's, East Wellow, Hampshire. Florence Nightingale's farsighted reforms
have influenced the nature of modern health care and her writings continue to
be a resource for nurses, health managers and planners.