This document outlines the history and development of nursing as a profession. It discusses how Florence Nightingale established nursing as a professional field in the 19th century and focused on standardized training and hospitals. The document then examines definitions of occupations and professions, the functions and tasks of nursing, areas of specialization, and criteria for a profession. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key events and aspects involved in nursing becoming an established profession.

1. Development of nursing as a
profession
By / MahmoudShaqria
‫شقريه‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫محمود‬

2. Outlines
1. Introduction
2. Definition of (position – job – occupation
– profession )
3. Nursing history
4. Professional development of nursing
5. Function of nursing 6. Task of nursing
6. Place of work 8. area of specialities .
7. References

3. Objectives
By the end of this lecture students will :-
1- define (position , job , occupation and profession )
2- discuss history of the nursing
3- discuss professional development
4- enumerate function , tasks , work places , and area of
specialties categories in nursing
5- discuss criteria of profession
6- discuss characteristics of profession

4. Introduction:
Nursing is a profession within the health care sector
focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities
so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and
quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health
care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and
scope of practice.

5. History of nursing :-19th century
Florence Nightingale laid the foundations of
professional nursing after the Crimean War.Her Notes
on Nursing (1859) became popular. The Nightingale
model of professional education, having set up the first
school of nursing that is connected to a continuously
operating hospital and medical school, spread widely in
Europe and North America after 1870.Nightingale was
also a pioneer of the graphical presentation of statistical
data.

6. 20th century
History of nursing (cont) :-
Hospital-based training came to the fore in the early
1900s, with an emphasis on practical experience. The
Nightingale-style school began to disappear. Hospitals
and physicians saw women in nursing as a source of free
or inexpensive labor. Exploitation of nurses was not
uncommon by employers, physicians and educational
providers.

7. Definitions :-
1- position :- a group of task assigned to one individual .
2- job :- a group of positions that are similar in nature and
level of skill that can be carried out by one or more
individuals
3-occupation :- a group of job that are similar in type of
work and that are usually found throughout an industry or
work environment .
4- profession :- a type of occupation that meets certain
criteria that raise it to a level above that of an occupation .

8. Profession
- is defined as "a vocation requiring advanced training
and usually involving mental rather than manual work,
as teaching, engineering, especially medicine, law“ -
Webster1989.
- Professions are those occupations possessing a
particular combination of characteristics generally
considered to be the expertise, autonomy, commitment,
and responsibility. A profession is an occupation based
on specialized intellectual study and training, the
purpose of which is to supply skilled services with ethical
components and others.

9. Professional Development for
Nurses :-
Professional development is critical to the nursing
profession because it emphasizes the importance of the
following:
1- Continuing education.
2- Assessing learning needs.
3- Upholding competency.

11. Function of nursing :-
1- caregiver
2- communicator
3- teacher
4- client educator
5- counselor
6- change agent
7- leader
8- manager
9- case manager

12. Task of nursing :-
1- to promote health
2- to prevent disease
3- to help ill person to healing

13. Where Do NPD Specialists Work?
Generally, most healthcare organizations employ NPD
specialists to guide nurses in their professional nursing
role. NPD specialists work in the following facilities:
1- Hospitals.
2-Long-term care facilities.
3- Public health centers.
4-Colleges and universities.
5-Outpatient clinics.

14. Specialties :-
Nursing is the most diverse of all healthcare professions. Nurses practice
in a wide range of settings but generally nursing is divided depending on
the needs of the person being nursed.
The major populations are:
1- communities/public
2- family/individual across the lifespan
3- adult-gerontology
4- pediatrics
5- neonatal
6- women's health/gender-related
7- mental health
There are also specialist areas such as cardiac nursing, orthopedic
nursing, palliative care, perioperative nursing, obstetrical nursing,
oncology nursing, nursing informatics, telenursing and emergency
nursing.

15. 1- to provide a needed services to
the society .
2- to advance knowledge in it
field .
3- to protect its members and
make it possible to practice
effectively .
Criteriaofprofession:-

16. Characteristics of profession :-
Scientific
Higher
education
Economic
stability
Research
Social
responsibility

17. Professionalism
“Conduct, aims or qualities that characterize or mark
a profession or a professional person”
(Merriam-Webster, 2009)
“Qualities or typical features of a profession or
professional. A collection of attitudes and actions; it
suggests knowledge and technical skill.”

18. Principles of Professionalism
Altruistic concern for patient welfare.-
Individuals bound together by commitment.-
Specialized body of knowledge.-
Self-regulation, accountability, integrity, honesty.-
Social contract with society, service to the public.-
Ethics, ethical behavior, patient autonomy, dignity.-
Social justice.-

19. Barriers to Professionalism
• Variability in educational preparation.
• Gender issues.
• Historical influences.
• External conflicts.
• Internal conflicts.

20. Steps of Professional
Development
Recognition of a problem by community.-
-Untrained personnel deal with problem, using skills and
procedures to handle the problem.
Theoretical body of knowledge basic to procedures is developed.-
Members continue to work together.-
-Professional interests or common interests are formed and
developed.
People pay for service.-
Codes and standards are developed.-
These codes concerned with formed rules and formal practice.-
Methods of enforcing standards are established.-

21. References
1 -Retrieved from Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.
(2010, October). The Future of Nursing: Focus on Education.
http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20File
s/2010/The-Future-of-
Nursing/Nursing%20Education%202010%20Brief.pdf
Retrieved from About ANPD. (n.d.).
http://www.anpd.org/?page=about
Retrieved from Boosting Participation in Professional Development
Activities. (2015, July 16).
http://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/2015/07/boosting-participation-in-
professional-development-activities/
Retrieved from Role of Nursing Professional Development in Helping
Meet Institute of Medicine’s Future of Nursing Recommendations.
(2013, July 17).
http://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=5575a24f60
614b91b68b45d1&assetKey=AS%3A273792079728670%401442288
526798
Swihart, D., Ph.D, DMin, MSN, CS, RN-BC. (2009, July 8). Nursing