2. • Evolution of nursing like other discipline
undergone noticeable changes
• Progress of nursing has been relatively very
slow
• Later part of 20th centaury there has been
definite growth and development
3. NURSING IN EARLY PERIOD
Indeo-christian era
Women provided nursing care at home based on humanitarian No
formal education or training
Woman used her skills as loving mother to care and person to person basis
By middle age(500-1500AD) become an organized one
Most nurses were part of religious orders
They received training from the their practical experience caring sick
Most of them were expected to devote care outside home to care for sick as
an expression of Christian love
PHOEBE OF CENCHRAEAdecideted her life (FIRST VISITING NURSE)
4. She found DEACONESSES –An order of Christian women who served the sick& poor
Nursing continued in the same fashions for many centuries
Women expected to devote their times to their own families
Women worked off jail sentences through nursing duties and had no training and preparation
This period is DARKAGE OF NURSING
The ancient Egypt ,physicians practiced medience in temples &were assisted by women
helpers
Records of nursing procedures are available ,there is no indication whether theses helpers
were nurses
Hippocrates (the father of med)emphasized
Signs and symptoms of illness
5. NURSING IN MEDIEVEL PERIOD(AD1000-1450AD)
In Europe many nursing orders developed during time
CLORAOFASSISI
Founded THE POOR CLARES which cared out for the sick &poor
During renaissance to 19 centaury (1450-1800AD)
There were despair,wars,plague & indiffernce to the poor &sick
Period of decline for nursing but mediciene was growing
During the 17 centaury St.VINCENT –de PAUL founded the sister of charity who
cared for the sick
This pattern continued till the industrial revolution (1800)
6. MODERN NURSING
MISS FLORENCE3 NIGHTINGALE (1820-1910)was born in a prominent English
family
With the benefits of excellent education ,knowledge of social condition reforms of the
time
She believed that nursing should be separate career
Miss florence received the year book of the institutions of deaconesses at kaisoworth in
oct 1846)
She went to kaiserworth in 1847 to work with deaconessess
Went to paris in 1853 to study with sister od charity
She later appointed as nursing superientendent (english general hospitalin turkey)
During the crimean war the major reforms brought by her –hygiene,sanitation&nursing
practice
7. reduced the mortality rate at barracks hospital ,turkey (42.7%-2.2%)
In 1860 she developed the first organized programme of training for nurses at nightingale
training school for nurses at st.thomas hospital,london.
Miss nightingale never visited India she obtained information from the circular of enquiry
Which was sent to all military stations in India
She also wrote individual letters to high rank military &medical officers in India
The royal sanitary commissions on the health of the army in India was appointed in
1859& facts collected in 1861
The ensuring reforms in civil hospitals laid the foundation of public health work in India
8. The civil war stimulated the growth of nursing in US,clarae baston ,founder of the
American red cross, spearheaded the activity
Followed by Dorothy ,Mary and Harriet
Betrween 1872-73( 3 nursing schools were founded in USAin new york city
,boston,new haven.
Subsequent to the civil war nursing school in USA,CANADA
Began to pattern their curriculam after nigthigale school
in cannada ,the first trainning school st.catherines started in 1874
In 1884 mary agnes became director toronto general hospital
9. Nursing in India
History of nursing in india goes back to about 1500BC
It was found that diseases were attributed to demos and the treatment given was
primarily to exercise the demons
About 700BC ,the practice of medicine has passed into the hands of the brahmins,who
were scholars & members of the priestly class
Banaras became the centre of medical education (700to 600BC)
Halls of healing was founded
This time sushruta brought the practice of surgery to a very high standard
He and charaka ,the famous physicians
Were leading authorities on the ancient Indian system know asAYURVEDAthe
science of life
10. Sushruta gave detailed instructions for ensuring absolute cleanliness in all departments
Describe the techniques of (---------------------------)
Defined the relation of doctor, patient, nurse and medicine as the four feett on which
cure must rest
Ancient people believed more in prevention than in cure
Doctors were also well trained not only in medicine & surgery but also prevention of
illness
The period 500BC to 300AD saw the rise of Buddhism
It is the period when medicine rose to great height
KingAsoka established a large number of hospitals & health care centers for his
people
The practice of surgery declined during this period but other branches of medicine
made great advances &hostels were blind for sick, blind & deformed peoples
11. Military nursing
March 25,1888 is memorable history of troops in India.
On this day 10 qualified, certificate nurses landed in Bombay & India nursing services
was founded
It later developed into one of the finest military nursing services in the world
The first lady superintendent was MS.LOCKE
Though the Indian military services was born during the first world war
It slowly developed untill second world war of 1939
45 nurses were recurited in india for first time in 1914 & attached to queen alexandra
Military nursing services in india was formed in 1927 & it had 12 matrons,18 sisters
&25 staff nurses
There were responsible for the supervision & trainning of nursing section of all indian
hospital
12. This services continued to grow for many years
Government & municipal hospital gave nursing trainning to anglo –indian & europeans
It was the mission hospitals ,which started trainning of indians as nurses
Christians girls were mainly attracted towards nursing tranining as nursing practiced
compassions to sick& needy
13. Present scenario of nursing in India
Development of nursing in India was progressing
TNAI-1908,INC-1949 as per act of parliament 1947
Various effects were made by the government of India by forming a number of committee
Committees that helped the nursing development
The long felt need for setting up of a review committee for the nursing profession
Brought into sharpen focus with the adoption in NHP in 1982
High power committee was appointed by the ministry of health & family welfare in 1987
To receive role,function,status ,preparation of nursing personnel, nursing services & other
issues related to development of the profession & to make suitable recommendation
Anational convention of nurses was held in august 1988
14. It was a significant development in the field of nursing
The group made constructive recommendation for consideration of the high power
committee
It had an opportunity to diseases nursing problems with the president & PM of india
The central council of health ,the highest policy –making body for health issues
Recommendations
• Improve training nurses in clinical specialties
• Improve staffing norms
• Open more PG courses
• Strength regulatory mechanism
• Funds for strengthening of nursing services
15.
16. INTRODUCTION
Nurses
Links body & mind
Is a human relation field
Is an integral part of our national education
Is a field of social work
Health & preventive work
Team work
Wide range of function
Vast range of scientific preparation
17. CATEGORIES OF NURSING EDUCATION
• ANM
• GNM
• DIPLOMA IN NURSING EDUCATION &
ADMINISTRATION
• DIPLOMACOURSES IN VARIOUS NURSING
SPECALITIES
• PCBSC(N)
• BSC(N)
• MSC(N)
• M phill(N)
• PhD(N)
18. QUALITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OFA
PROFESSIONAL NURSE
N-noble
U-useful & understanding
R- Responsible& resourceful
S-Sympathetic
E- Efficient
