NTPC Unchahar power plant has a total installed capacity of 1050MW from its coal-based thermal units. It sources coal from nearby mines and water from the Sharda Sahayak canal. The presentation summarized the key processes and components of a thermal power plant including coal handling, boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, cooling tower, and ash handling. The main departments of the plant work together to convert the heat energy from coal combustion into electrical energy through these processes.

1. A PRESENTATION ON VOCATIONAL
TRAINING AT – NTPC UNCHAHAR
PRESENTED BY- AAYUSH TARAGI
SURABHI PAL
PRABJOT SINGH
PUNEET KUMAR
EN 4TH YEAR

2. ABOUT NTPC
• NTPC is the largest power generating company in india, was set up
in 1975 to accelerate power development in the country.
• NTPC has installed capacity of (43803MW).
• NTPC has 16 coal based power stations (31182MW).
• NTPC has 7 gas based power stations (4017MW).
• NTPC has 7 power stations in joint ventures (8,604MW).
 NTPC has 9 Solar based Power stations(360MW).
• In 1997 , Government of india granted NTPC status of ‘Navratna’.

3. ABOUT NTPC, UNCHAHAR
• It has energy generating capacity by –
-coal based thermal plant is 1050 MW .
• It has 3 stages consisting 5 units of coal based
thermal plant .
-stage 1 –unit 1 and unit 2(2 x 210MW)
-stage 2-unit 3 and unit 4(2 x 210MW).
-stage 3 –unit 5 (210MW).
• It’s 6th unit is under construction (500MW).

4.  COAL SOURCE
- Central Coal Field limited(CCL)
- Bharat Cocking Coal Limited(BCCL)
 WATER SOURCE
- Sharda Sahayak canal(main source)
- Dalmau pump canal(auxilliary source)
SOURCES

5. OPERATION OF
THERMALPOWER PLANT

6. OPERATION MECHANISM
• The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to boiler for producing
heat .
• In Boiler the water is converted to steam.
•In super heater the moisture content is removed from the steam and that steam is
called super heated steam.
•The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High pressure turbine.
•The exhausted steam is sent to preheater and the steam then rotates the
intermediate pressure (IP) turbine.
• The steam from the IP Turbine is then feed to low pressure turbine.
•The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which produces electric Power.
•The power generated is then transmitted .

7. MAIN DEPARTMENTS OF PLANT
•Coal handling plant
•Boiler
•Superheater
•Turbine
•Generator
•Condenser
•Cooling Tower
•Switchyard
•Ash handling plant
•Electrostatic precipitator

8. COAL HANDLING PLANT
• The function of coal handling plant
is automatic feeding of coal to the
boiler furnace.
• A thermal power plant burns
enormous amounts of coal.
• A 200MW plant may require
around 2000 tons of coal daily
• following are the process of plant-:
1. Bunkering process
2. Unloading process
3. Feeding process
4. Screening process
5. Crushing process

9. •A boiler or steam generator is
a closed vessel to which water
under pressure, is converted
into steam.
•It is one of the major
components of a thermal power
plant.
•Always designed to absorb
maximum amount of heat
released in the process of
combustion.
BOILER

10. SUPER HEATER
•A device which moves last traces
of moisture.
•It helps in reduction in
requirement of steam quantity.
•Steam being dry reduces the
mechanical resistance of turbine.
•No corrosion at the Turbine
blades.

11. TURBINE
•A steam turbine converts heat energy
of steam into mechanical energy and
drives the generator.
• It uses the principle that steam when
issuing from a small opening attains a
high velocity.
•This velocity attained during
expansion depends on the initial and
final heat content of the steam.
•This difference b/w initial and final
heat content represents the heat energy
converted into kinetic energy.
•These are of two types :-
1. Impulse turbine
2. Reaction turbine

12. GENERATOR
•The Synchronus Generator is used to generate power by connecting the
shaft of the Turbine to the shaft of the generator which create the magnetic
flux producing Emf.
•The generated voltage will generally 33 KV to 11 KV max.
• the generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up transformer
and is also used for auxilliary purpose.

13. CONDENSER
• Which condenses the steam at
the exhaust of turbine.
• It creates a very low
pressure at the exhaust of
turbine, this helps in
converting heat energy of
steam into mechanical
energy in the prime mover.
• The condensed steam can
be used as feed water to the
boiler.

14. COOLING TOWER
• Remove heat from the water
discharged from the condenser
so that the water can be
discharged to the river or re
circulated and reused.
• Air can be circulated in the
cooling towers through natural
draft and mechanical draft.

15. SWITCHYARD
•A switchyard is a part of an
electrical generation,
transmission system.
•Switchyard transform voltage
from high to low’ or the reverse,
or perform any of several other
important functions

16. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

17. EQUIPMENTS IN SWITCHYARD
•OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS
1. BUS BAR
2. LIGHTENING ARRESTER
3. BREAKER
4. CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
5. EARTHING ROD
6. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
7. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
•INDOOR EQUIPMENTS
1. RELAYS
2. CONTROL PANNEL
3. CIRCUIT BREAKERS

18. ASH HANDLING PLANT
•The percentage of ash in coal varies
from 5% in good quality coal to about
40% in poor quality coal Power plants
generally use poor quality of coal .
•thus amount of ash produced by
it is pretty large .
•A modern 2000MW plant produces
about 5000 tons of ash daily.
• The stations use some conveyor
arrangement to carry ash to dump
sites directly or for carrying and
loading it to trucks and wagons
which transport it to the site of
disposal

19. UTILISATION OF SECONDARY
RAW MATERIAL (ASH)
• Construction of embankments and fills
• Construction of road in sub-base
• Manufacture of cement
• Manufacture of bricks/blocks
• Filling as flowable fill material
• Agriculture as soil amendment/source of essential plant
nutrients

20. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
 PRINCIPLE-
- Dust laden gases passed into chambers where the
individual particles of dust are given an electric charge
by absorption of free ions from a high voltage dc
ionising field.
 PROCESS-
-There are 4 steps that are involved:-
1-Ionisation of gases and charging of particls.
2-Migration of particles to respective electrodes.
3-Deposition of particles on the electrodes.
4-dislodging of particles from the electrodes.

21. FUNDAMENTAL PARTS OF ESP
•Basing
•Hoppers
•Collecting System
•Emitting System
•Rapping Mechanism
•Insulators
•Transformer Rectifier

22. ADVANTAGES
•The fuel used is quite cheap.
•Less initial cost as compared to other generating plants.
•It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence
of coal.
•The coal can be easily transported to the site
•It require less space as compared to Hydro power plants.
•Cost of generation is less than that of diesel power plants.

23. DISADVANTAGES
•It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of
smoke and fumes.
•It is costlier in running cost as compared to Hydro electric
plants.
•Maintenance cost is more.

24. THANK YOU