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1. KOTA SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION KOTA
(RAJ.)
SUBMITTED BY:
Prakash Chandra Jarotia
2011UEE!374

2. INTRODUCTION OF THE THERMAL POWER PLANT
It was established in 1983.
It is located at the left bank of the CHAMBAL River at the
upstream of KOTA BAIRAJ.
Favorable condition
Abundant quantity of clean cooling water.
Good transport facility
Concentration of load in Kota region due to large number of
industries.

3. INSTALLED CAPACITY
Kota Thermal Power Station is Rajasthan's First major coal power station. Presently
it is in operation with installed capacity of 1240MW.

4. DEFINITION OF THERMAL POWER STATION
 A thermal power station is a power
plant in which the prime mover is steam
driven. Water is heated, turns into
steam and spins a steam turbine which
either drives an electrical generator .
After it passes through the turbine, the
steam is condensed in a condenser
and recycled to where it was heated;
this is known as a Rankine cycle . The
greatest variation in the design of
thermal power stations is due to the
different fuel sources. Some prefer to
use the term energy center because
such facilities convert forms of heat
energy into electrical energy.

5. OPERATIONS IN THERMAL POWER STATION
Step wise operations in a
thermal power plant are as
follows:-
 Coal is used as a fuel to boil
the water.
 Water is boiled to form
pressurized steam.
 Pressurized steam is the
force that cause the turbine to
rotate at a very high speed.
 Low pressure steam after
pushing through the turbine
,it’s going into the condenser.
 Condenser – the place where
the steam is condensed back
it it’s liquid form .Then the
process is repeated

6. MAIN PARTS OF THERMAL POWER STATION
1. Coal supply
2. Coal pulverizer
3. Boiler
4. Precipitators
and stack
5. Turbine and
generator
6. Condensers
and cooling
water system
7. Water
purification
8. Ash systems
9. transformer
and
transmission
lines

7. Coal Handling Plant
Coal handling plant section
• Wagon unloading system
• Crushing system
• Conveying system

8. WAGON UNLOADING SYSTEM
 Unload the coal from wagon
to hopper with the help of
wagon Tripler.
 Hopper allows to pass coal
pieces ≤ 200mm
 From hopper coal fall on
vibrator which is supported
by roller.
 Rated Output : 71 KW.
Rated
 Voltage. : 415 V.
Rated
 Current. : 14.22 Amp.
 Rated Speed. : 975rpm.
 No. of phases. : 3
 Frequency. : 50 HZ.

9. CRUSHING SYSTEM
 CRUSHER HOUSE:- It
consists of crushers which
are used to crush the coal to
20 mm size.
 Two types
 Primary crusher
 Rail crusher
 Rotary breaker
 Secondary crusher
 Capacity : 1350 TPH
(Rates/ 1500 TPH Design.)
 Feed material : Rom Coal.
 Feed size : (-) 1200 mm
(approx.)
 End Product size : (-) 500
mm Motor rating : 125
KW,100 rpm
 Crushers : 225.

10. CONVEYOR BELT
Belt are used to convey coal
from coal handling plant to
furnace.
Conveyor Belt Specification :-
 Belt width : 1400 mm.
 Speed : 2.2 m/second.
 Schedule of motor : All 3-phas
induction motor
 Travel Motor : 7.5 KW.
 Vibrating Feeder : 2x6 KW.
 Total installed power. : 360 KW.
 Capacity : 1) 1350
tonne per hour
 2) 750
tonne per hour.
 No. of conveyor : 38
 Horizontal length : 28 meters

11. BOILER
 It is a closed vessel in which water under pressure is
converted into steam.
 Hot water or steam used to transfer heat to a process.
 A boiler is always designed to absorb maximum
amount of heat released in process of combustion.
 This is transferred to the boiler by all the three modes
of heat transfer i.e. conduction. Convection and
radiation.
 Furnace:- It is primary part of boiler where the fuel is
burnt to liberate the heat energy.
Chemical
Energy of
fuel
Thermal
Energy by
combustion

12. FIGURE BOILER

13. Boilers are classified as:-
 Fire tube boiler:- In this type the products of
combustion pass through the tubes which
are surrounded by water. These are
economical for low pressure only.
Water tube boiler:- In this type of boiler
water flows inside the tubes and hot gases
flow outside the tubes. These tubes are
interconnected to common water channels
and to steam outlet.

14. SUPER HEATER :- Superheated steam is that steam, which contains
more heat than the saturated steam at the same pressure i.e. it, has been
heated above the temperature corresponding to its pressure. A
superheater is a device which removes the last traces of moisture from the
saturated steam leaving the boiler tubes and also increases its
temperature above the saturation temperature.
REHEATER :- Reheaters are provided to raise the temperature of the
steam from which part of energy has already been extracted by HP turbine

15. PRECIPTATOR AND STACK :-
 ELECTRO-STATIC PRECIPTATOR For general mankind, today
an Eco friendly industry is must. As far as air pollution is
concerned now a day various flue gases filter are there in service.
The choice depends on the size of suspended particle matter.
These filters are E.S.P. Fabric filter high efficiency cyclone
separations and stalling room. Fop fly ash, where the particle size
vary from 0.75 microns to 100 micron use gradually use E.S.P. to
purify the flue gases due to its higher efficiency & low running
cost etc.
 In an ESP the dust lidder gas is passed through an intense
electric field, which causes ionization of the gases& they changed
into ion while travelling towards opposite charged electrode get
deposited as particles and thus dust is electric deposited an
electrode creating the field. It is continuous process.
 The gas exiting the boiler is laden with fly ash.The fly ash is
removed by electrostatic precipitators and passes through stack
in environment.

17. STEAM TURBINE
 It is a machine in which
a shaft is rotated
steadily by reaction of
steam, air upon blades
of a wheel.
 When Steam is used
then it is called steam
turbine.
 It works on Modified
Rankine cycle.
Heat of
steam
Mechanical
Energy

18. THE MAIN TECHNICAL DATA OF 110 MW TURBINES IS
GIVEN BELOW :-
 Rated output : 110 MW.
 Economic output : 95 MW.
 Rated speed : 3000 rpm
 Direction of rotation viewing from the front bearing
pedestal : clock wise
 Rated steam pressure before stop valve : 130 ata
 Maximum steam pressure before stop valve : 146 ata
 Rated temperature of steam before the stop valve.
535°C Maximum temperature of steam before the
stop valve. 545°C Rated pressure of steam 31.6 ata

19. •An electrical generator is a
machine which converts
mechanical energy into electrical
energy through electro
mechanical energy conversion .
•The generator is driven by
directly coupled steam turbine at
a speed of 3000 r.p.m.
Electrical
Energy
Mechanical
Energy
GENERATOR

20. CONDENSERS AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM
 A condenser is a commonly used term
for a water-cooled shell and tube heat
exchanger installed on the exhaust
steam from a steam turbine in thermal
power stations.
 These condensers are heat exchangers
which convert steam from its gaseous to
its liquid state at a pressure below
atmospheric pressure
 In thermal power plants, the primary
purpose of a condenser is to condense
the exhaust steam from a steam turbine
to obtain maximum efficiency, and also
to convert the turbine exhaust steam
into pure water so that it may be reused
in the steam generator or boiler as
boiler feed water.

21. COOLING TOWERS
o A condenser needs huge quantity of water to
condense the steam .
o Most plants use a closed cooling system where
warm water coming from condenser is cooled
and reused
o Small plants use spray ponds and medium and
large plants use cooling towers.
o Cooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic
structure having a reservoir at the base for
storage of cooled water
o Diameter at the base is 150 m

22. WATER TREATTENT PLANT
The principle problem in high pressure
boiler is to control corrosion and steam
quality.
The impurities present in water are
as follows:-
1) Un-dissolved and suspended
solid materials.
2) Dissolved slats and minerals.
3) Dissolved gases.
4) Other minerals (oil, acid etc.).
5). a) Turbidity & Sediment.
b) Silica.
c) Micro Biological.
d) Sodium& Potassium Salt.
e) Dissolved Sales Minerals.
6). a) O2gas. b) CO2 gas.

23.  Pressure filter removes
undisclosed impurities from
raw water.
 Carbon filter removes
excess chlorine from
clarified
water.
 D.M. plant removes
dissolved impurities from
clarified
water.
 Conductivity ,pH & silica
content of this water must
be
checked time to time.

24. ASH HANDLING PLANT
The percentage of ash in coal varies from 5% in good quality
coal to about 40% in poor quality coal
Power plants generally use poor quality of coal , thus amount
of ash produced by it is pretty large.
Electrostatic Precipitator is used in ash handling plant to
remove fly ash
The stations use some conveyor arrangement to carry ash to
dump sites directly or for carrying and loading it to trucks and
wagons which transport it to the site of disposal

25. UTILIZATION OF ASH
1. Manufacturing of building materials.
2. Making of concrete.
3. Manufacturing of cement.
4. Road construction etc.

26. SWITCHYARD
 Two 220 KV bus bars have been
provided in switch yard and are
inter-connected through a bus
coupler.
 Each station transformer has two
windings one secondary side and
is rated for 50/25/25mva,
270/7/7.2 kva four feeder take off
from 220 switch yard two to
SKATPURA GSS and other to
HEERAPURA , Jaipur GSS.
Each of four feeder are provided
with bypass isolators which is
connected across line breaker
and breaker isolator

27. SALIENT FEATURE OF K.S.T.P.S. LOCATION
LOCATION -:Sakatpura, Kota.
CAPACITY-:
A) 1st Stage-: 2x110 MW .
B) 2nd Stage-: 2x210 MW.
C) 3rd Stage-: 1x210 MW.
D) 4th Stage-: 1x195 MW.
E) 5th Stage-: 1x195 MW
SOURCE OF WATER- : Chambal River.
BOILER-: a) Types. Fire tube boiler and Water tube
boiler.
b) No. of units . 7
c) Max. Efficiency. BHEL 87.6 %
d) Capacity. 375 tonnes 1 Hr.
e) Steam Pressure -:139 Kg./cm²
f) Steam Temp. -:540

28. CONCLUSION
 The first phase of practical training has proved to be quiet
fruitful. It provided an opportunity for encounter with such
huge machines like wagon tippler .110 MW, 210 MW & 195
MW turbines and generators.
 The architecture of the power plant the way various units
are linked and the way working of whole plant is controlled
make the student realize that engineering is not just learning
the structured description and working of various machines,
but the greater part is of planning proper management.
 However training has proved to be quite fruitful. It has
allowed an opportunity to get an exposure of the practical
implementation to theoretical fundamentals.